ASTM A311/A311M-04(2010)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Cold-Drawn, Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to Mechanical Property Requirements
Standard Specification for Cold-Drawn, Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to Mechanical Property Requirements
ABSTRACT
This specification covers cold-drawn, stress-relieved carbon steel bars subject to mechanical property requirements. The bars are furnished in two classes, A and B. Class A are normal-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved rounds, squares, hexagons, and flats. Class B are heavy-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved rounds and hexagons. The steel shall be made by one or more of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace. The cast or heat analysis shall conform to the chemical composition requirements specified. Tension test shall be made to conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two classes, nine grades, and four conditions of stress-relieved cold-drawn carbon steel bars produced to mechanical property requirements. One class, B, is cold drawn with higher than normal (heavy) drafts to provide higher strength levels, and four grades provide improved machinability.
1.2 Supplementary Requirements, S1 through S6, of an optional nature are provided.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
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Designation: A311/A311M −04(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Specification for
Cold-Drawn, Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to
Mechanical Property Requirements
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA311/A311M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 heavy draft—Using higher than normal drafts (ap-
1.1 This specification covers two classes, nine grades, and
proximately 10 % through 35 % reduction), followed by stress
four conditions of stress-relieved cold-drawn carbon steel bars
relieving, produces higher tensile and yield strengths provided
producedtomechanicalpropertyrequirements.Oneclass,B,is
an appropriate composition is used; for example, medium
cold drawn with higher than normal (heavy) drafts to provide
carbon with normal or higher manganese content.
higher strength levels, and four grades provide improved
machinability.
4. Classification
1.2 Supplementary Requirements, S1 through S6, of an
4.1 The bars are furnished in the following classes and
optional nature are provided.
grades, and in the conditions shown in 6.4.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to
4.1.1 Class A—Normal-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved
be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are
rounds, squares, hexagons, and flats in the following grades:
shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not
Grades UNS Designations
exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used inde-
1018 G10180
1035 G10350
pendentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystems
1045 G10450
may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1050 G10500
1541 G15410
2. Referenced Documents
1117 G11170
2 1137 G11370
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1141 G11410
A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,
1144 G11440
Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
4.1.2 Class B—Heavy-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved
A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-
rounds and hexagons in the following grades:
Finished
Grade UNS Designations
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
1045 G10450
of Steel Products 1050 G10500
1541 G15410
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the
1141 G11410
Unified Numbering System (UNS)
1144 G11440
3. Terminology
5. Ordering Information
3.1 Definitions:
5.1 Orders for material under this specification should
3.1.1 stress relieving—heating to a suitable temperature,
include the following information as required to adequately
holding long enough to reduce residual stresses, and then
describe the desired material:
cooling slowly enough to minimize the development of new
5.1.1 Quantity (weight [mass] or number of pieces),
residual stresses.
5.1.2 Nameofmaterial(carbonsteelbars,colddrawn,stress
relieved),
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
5.1.3 Condition 8.3,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.1.4 Cross-sectional shape,
A01.15 on Bars.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally
5.1.5 Size,
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A311/A311M – 04.
5.1.6 Length,
DOI: 10.1520/A0311_A0311M-04R10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on New designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE
the ASTM website. J 1086.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A311/A311M − 04 (2010)
5.1.7 Class and grade, 6.4.3 Cold drawn, stress relieved, turned, ground, and pol-
5.1.8 Report of heat analysis, tensile properties Section 11, ished; and
5.1.9 ASTM designation A311 or A311M, 6.4.4 Cold drawn, stress relieved, ground, and polished.
5.1.10 Application,
NOTE 2—When turned bars are specified, turning may be performed
5.1.11 Leaded steel, when required (see Table 1, footnote
prior to cold-drawing.
A),
7. Chemical Composition
5.1.12 Supplementary requirements, if any, and
5.1.13 Additional requirements, if any.
7.1 Composition—Thecastorheatanalysisshallconformto
the chemical composition requirements specified in Table 1 for
NOTE 1—Atypical ordering description is as follows: 10 000 lb carbon
steel bars, cold drawn, stress relieved turned and polished, round 2.0 in. the grade ordered.
(50.8 mm) Diameter, 10 to 12 ft (3048 to 3658 mm) long, Class B, Grade
1050, (UNS G 10500), fine grain, test reports required, ASTM A311/
8. Mechanical Properties
A311M dated____ , hydraulic cylinder piston rods. [5000
8.1 Requirements—The bars shall conform to the require-
kgcarbonsteelbars,colddrawn,stressrelievedturnedandpolishedround
50 mm diameter, 3050 to 3650 mm long, Class B, Grade 1050 (UNS G ments listed in Table 2.
10500), fine grain, test reports required, ASTM A311M
8.2 Number of Tests—Atleastonetensiontestshallbemade
dated ____ , hydraulic cylinder piston rods.]
on each lot.Alot shall consist of bars of the same size from the
same heat which have been stress relieved in the same
6. Materials and Manufacture
stationary furnace charge. For continuous type of treatment, a
6.1 Melting Practice—The steel shall be made by one or
lot shall consist of 25 tons [25 Mg] or less of the same size of
more of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic-
each heat, treated in the same cycle.
oxygen, or electric-furnace. The primary melting may incor-
8.3 Specimens—Tension test specimens shall be taken lon-
porate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by
gitudinally in accordance with and from the locations specified
secondary melting using electroslag remelting or vacuum arc
in Test Methods and Definitions A370.
remelting. Where secondary melting is employed, the heat
shall be defined as all of the ingots remelted from a single
8.4 Test Methods—Tension tests shall be made in accor-
primary heat.
dance with Test Methods and Definitions A370. The yield
strength shall be determined at 0.2 % offset or at 0.005 in./in.
6.2 Cold Working:
[0.005 mm/mm] of gage length, total extension under load.
6.2.1 ClassAbarsshallbecolddrawnusingnormaldrafting
practices.
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
6.2.2 Class B bars shall be cold drawn using heavy (higher
than normal) drafting practices. 9.1 Surface Finish—Unless otherwise specified, the bars
shallhaveacommercialbrightsmoothsurfacefinishconsistent
6.3 Thermal Treatment—After cold drawing, the bars shall
with the cold finishing operations specified in 6.4.
be stress relieved at a temperature of not less than 550°F
9.2 Bars that are thermal treated after cold finishing may
[288°C] to meet the mechanical requirements specified in
Table 2. have a discolored or oxidized surface.
9.3 Oiling—The bars shall be given a surface coating of oil
6.4 Condition—The bars shall be furnished in the following
cold finish conditions, as specified: or other rust inhibitor to protect against rust during shipment.
6.4.1 Cold drawn, stress relieved;
9.4 Workmanship—The bars shall be free of pipe, cracks,
6.4.2 Cold drawn, stress relieved, turned, and polished;
and flakes. Within the limits of good manufacturing and
inspection practices, the bars shall be free of injurious seams,
laps, segregation, or other imperfections that, due to their
A nature, degree, or extent, will interfere with the use of the
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Cast or Heat Analysis)
material in machining or fabrication of suitable parts.
UNS Grade Carbon, Manga- Phos- Sulfur, %
Designation % nese, % phorus,
max %
10. General Requirements
G10180 1018 0.15-0.20 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A311/A311M–04 Designation: A311/A311M – 04 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Specification for
Cold-Drawn, Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to
Mechanical Property Requirements
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA311/A311M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope *
1.1 This specification covers two classes, nine grades, and four conditions of stress-relieved cold-drawn carbon steel bars
produced to mechanical property requirements. One class, B, is cold drawn with higher than normal (heavy) drafts to provide
higher strength levels, and four grades provide improved machinability.
1.2 Supplementary Requirements, S1 through S6, of an optional nature are provided.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown
in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the
other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 stress relieving—heating to a suitable temperature, holding long enough to reduce residual stresses, and then cooling
slowly enough to minimize the development of new residual stresses.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 heavy draft—Using higher than normal drafts (approximately 10 % through 35 % reduction), followed by stress relieving,
produces higher tensile and yield strengths provided an appropriate composition is used; for example, medium carbon with normal
or higher manganese content.
4. Classification
4.1 The bars are furnished in the following classes and grades, and in the conditions shown in 6.4.
4.1.1 Class A—Normal-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved rounds, squares, hexagons, and flats in the following grades:
Grades UNS Designations
1018 G10180
1035 G10350
1045 G10450
1050 G10500
1541 G15410
1117 G11170
1137 G11370
1141 G11410
1144 G11440
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.15
on Bars.
Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A311/A311M–95 (2000). DOI:
10.1520/A0311_A0311M-04.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A311/A311M – 04. DOI:
10.1520/A0311_A0311M-04R10.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
New designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J 1086.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A311/A311M – 04 (2010)
4.1.2 Class B—Heavy-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved rounds and hexagons in the following grades:
Grade UNS Designations
1045 G10450
1050 G10500
1541 G15410
1141 G11410
1144 G11440
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the following information as required to adequately describe the
desired material:
5.1.1 Quantity (weight [mass] or number of pieces),
5.1.2 Name of material (carbon steel bars, cold drawn, stress relieved),
5.1.3 Condition 8.3,
5.1.4 Cross-sectional shape,
5.1.5 Size,
5.1.6 Length,
5.1.7 Class and grade,
5.1.8 Report of heat analysis, tensile properties Section 11,
5.1.9 ASTM designation A311 or A311M,
5.1.10 Application,
5.1.11 Leaded steel, when required (see Table 1, footnote A),
5.1.12 Supplementary requirements, if any, and
5.1.13 Additional requirements, if any.
NOTE 1—Atypical ordering description is as follows: 10 000 lb carbon steel bars, cold drawn, stress relieved turned and polished, round 2.0 in. (50.8
mm) Diameter, 10 to 12 ft (3048 to 3658 mm) long, Class B, Grade 1050, (UNS G 10500), fine grain, test reports required, ASTM A311/A311M
dated____ , hydraulic cylinder piston rods. [5000
kgcarbonsteelbars,colddrawn,stressrelievedturnedandpolishedround50mmdiameter,3050to3650mmlong,ClassB,Grade1050(UNSG10500),
fine grain, test reports required, ASTM A311M
dated ____ , hydraulic cylinder piston rods.]
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Melting Practice—The steel shall be made by one or more of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen,
orelectric-furnace.Theprimarymeltingmayincorporateseparatedegassingorrefiningandmaybefollowedbysecondarymelting
using electroslag remelting or vacuum arc remelting. Where secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of the
ingots remelted from a single primary heat.
6.2 Cold Working:
6.2.1 Class A bars shall be cold drawn using normal drafting practices.
6.2.2 Class B bars shall be cold drawn using heavy (higher than normal) drafting practices.
6.3 Thermal Treatment—After cold drawing, the bars shall be stress relieved at a temperature of not less than 550°F [288°C]
to meet the mechanical requirements specified in Table 2.
6.4 Condition—The bars shall be furnished in the following cold finish conditions, as specified:
6.4.1 Cold drawn, stress relieved;
6.4.2 Cold drawn, stress relieved, turned, and polished;
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Cast or Heat Analysis)
UNS Grade Carbon, Manga- Phos- Sulfur, %
Designation % nese, % phorus,
max %
G10180 1018 0.15-0.20 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 max
G10350 1035 0.32-0.38 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 max
G10450 1045 0.43-0.50 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 max
G10500 1050 0.48-0.55 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 max
G15410 1541 0.36-0.44 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.050 max
G11170 1117 0.14-0.20 1.00-1.30 0.040 0.08-0.13
G11370 1137 0.32-0.39 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.08-0.13
G11410 1141 0.37-0.45 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.08-0.13
G11440 1144 0.40-0.48 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.24-0.33
A
When lead is required as an added element to a standard steel, a range from
0.15 to 0.35 % inclusive, is specified. Such a steel is identified by inserting the
letter “L” between the second and third numerals of the grade designation, for
example,10L45.Acastorheatanalysisisnotdeterminablewhenleadisaddedto
the ladle stream.
A311/A311M – 04 (2010)
TABLE 2 Mechanical Requirements
Class A—Normal Draft Cold Drawn and Stress Relief Annealed
UNS No. Grade Diameter, Thickness, or Distance Between Tensile Strength, Yield Strength, Elongation Reduction
Designation Parallel Faces, in. [mm] min, ksi [MPa] min, ksi [MPa] in 2 in. [50 of Area,
mm], min, % min, %
G10180 1018 Up to ⁄8 [20], incl 70 [485] 60 [415] 18 40
7 1
Over ⁄8 [20] to 1 ⁄4 [30], incl 65 [450] 55 [380] 16 40
Over 1 ⁄4 [30] to 2 [50], incl 60 [415] 50 [345] 15 35
Over 2 [50] to 3 [75], incl 55 [380] 45 [310] 15 35
G10350 1035 Up to ⁄8 [20], incl 85 [590] 75 [520] 13 35
7 1
Over ⁄8 [20] to 1 ⁄4 [30], incl 80 [550] 70 [485] 12 35
Over 1 ⁄4 [30] to 2 [50], incl 75 [520] 65 [450] 12 35
Over 2 [50] to 3 [75], incl 70 [485] 60 [415] 10 30
G10450 1045 Up to ⁄8 [20], incl 95 [655] 85 [585] 12 35
7 1
Over ⁄8 [20] to 1 ⁄4 [30], incl 90 [620] 80 [550] 11 30
Over 1 ⁄4 [30] to 2 [50], incl 85 [585] 75 [520] 10 30
Over 2 [50] to 3 [75], incl 80 [550] 70 [485] 10 30
G10500 1050 Up to ⁄8 [20], incl 100 [690] 90 [620] 11 35
7 1
and and Over ⁄8 [20] to 1 ⁄4 [30], incl 95 [655] 85 [585] 11 30
G15410 G1541 Over 1 ⁄4 [30] to 2 [50], incl 90 [620] 80 [550] 10 30
Over 2 [50] to 3 [75], incl 85 [585] 75 [520] 10 30
G11170 1117 Up to ⁄8 [20],
...
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