ASTM D3825-90(1995)

Standard Test Method for Dynamic Surface Tension by the Fast-Bubble Technique

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific free energy of a liquid-gas surface a short time after formation of the surface.  
1.2 It is applicable to liquids with vapor pressures up to 30.0 kPa (225 torr) and kinematic viscosities up to 4.0 mm /s (4.0 cSt) at the test temperature. Higher viscosities have not yet been investigated.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 7.3, 7.4, and 7.5.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1999
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.L0.07 - Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids (Formally D02.1100)

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D3825-90(2000) - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Surface Tension by the Fast-Bubble Technique
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3825 – 90 (Reapproved 1995) An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
1
Dynamic Surface Tension by the Fast-Bubble Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3825; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.5 bubble pressure (DP)—difference between maximum
pressures for the wide capillary (P ) and the narrow capillary
1
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific
(P ), Pa.
2
free energy of a liquid-gas surface a short time after formation
3.3 Symbols:
of the surface.
1.2 It is applicable to liquids with vapor pressures up to 30.0
kPa (225 torr) and kinematic viscosities up to 4.0 mm/s (4.0
g5 surface tension, millinewtons per metre (dynes/cm)
−1
cSt) at the test temperature. Higher viscosities have not yet
S 5 bubble frequency, s
2
been investigated.
t 5 dead time, ms
o
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
t 5 surface age, ms
3
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D 5 density, kg/m
only. r 5 radius, mm
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the DP 5 difference between maximum pressures, Pa
P 5 maximum pressure for the wide capillary, Pa
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1
P 5 maximum pressure for the narrow capillary, Pa
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
2
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
4. Summary of Test Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The pressure required for bubble formation at a capillary
For specific precautionary statements, see 7.3, 7.4, and 7.5.
tip immersed in the liquid is measured at gas flow rates that
2. Referenced Documents
provide a series of bubble frequencies. The pressure and a
calibration constant are used to calculate the dynamic surface
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water tension at various surface ages.
D 1331 Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of
5. Significance and Use
4
Solutions of Surface-Active Agents
5 5.1 While this test method can be applied to pure liquids, it
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
is especially designed for use with mixtures in which one or
3. Terminology
more components migrate to the surface.
3.1 Definitions: 5.2 Data of this type are needed for the design of equipment
3.1.1 surface tension (g)—the specific surface free energy for processing mixed liquids, such as in distillation towers.
2
of a liquid gas interface, millinewton per metre (ergs/cm ).
6. Apparatus
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
−1
6.1 Bubbler Unit, water-jacketed, as shown in Fig. 1.
3.2.1 bubble frequency (S)—bubbling rate, s .
6.2 Thermostat, circulating water, to hold bubbler at speci-
3.2.2 dead time (t )—time required from start to completion
o
fied temperature.
of a bubble, ms.
6.3 Oven, adjustable to 378 K (105°C), explosion-proof.
3.2.3 surface age (t)—time required to start a new bubble,
6.4 Pressure Transducer, diaphragm-resistive unbonded
ms.
strain gage, time constant 25 ms or less, 0 to 2000 Pa, accuracy
3.2.4 dead time %—fraction of a cycle (t + t ) in the dead
o
6,7
62%.
state, %.
6.5 Bridge Power Supply, for the strain gage.
6.6 Oscilloscope, capable of sweep times down to 0.020 s.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
6.7 Filtered (5-μm) Air Supply, with pressure regulator
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.11 on Engineering Science of High Performance Fluids and Solids.
capable of 0 to 724 kPa (0 to 105 psig) above ambient.
Current edition approved Oct. 26, 1990. Published December 1990.
2
Kloubek, J., “Measurement of the Dynamic Surface Tension by the Maximum
6
Bubble Pressure Method, III,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 41, Razouk, R. “Surface Tension of Propellants,” JPL Quarterly Technical Review
October 1972, pp. 7–16. Vol 2, 1972, pp. 123–133.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Razouk, R. and Walmsley, D., “Surface Tension Measurement by the Differ-
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.04. ential Maximum Bubble Pressure Method Using a Pressure Transducer,” Journal of
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 47, 1974, pp. 515–519.
1

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D 3825
Tips of b and b8 shall be cut squarely at e
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