ASTM D2663-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Carbon Black—Dispersion in Rubber
Standard Test Methods for Carbon Black<span class='unicode'>—</span>Dispersion in Rubber
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Visual dispersion ratings correlate with certain important physical properties of the compound. A rating of 5 indicates a state of dispersion developing near maximum properties, while a rating of 1 would indicate a state of dispersion developing considerably depressed properties. Normally, the visual dispersion ratings indicate the following levels of compound quality:
Visual Dispersion RatingClassification 4 to 5High 3 to 4Intermediate 2 to 3Low 1 to 2Very low
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the degree of dispersion of carbon black in rubber. Three test methods are described as follows:
Sections Test Method A—Visual Inspection 3-11 Test Method B—Agglomerate Count12-23 Test Method C—Microroughness Measurement with Profilometer24-34 Test Method D—Microroughness Measurement with IFM35-43
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2663 − 08
StandardTest Methods for
1
Carbon Black—Dispersion in Rubber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2663; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope TEST METHOD A—VISUAL INSPECTION
1.1 These test methods cover the degree of dispersion of
3. Scope
carbon black in rubber. Four test methods are described as
3.1 Test Method A is a qualitative visual test method.
follows:
Ratings are made against a set of standard photographs (Fig.
3
Sections
1), andtheresultsareexpressedonanumericalscale.Thistest
Test Method A—Visual Inspection 3-11
methodcannotbeusedforcompoundsthatcontainfillersother
Test Method B—Agglomerate Count 12-23
than carbon black.
Test Method C—Microroughness Measurement
with Profilometer 24-34
Test Method D—Microroughness Measurement with IFM 35-43 4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 The compound rubber is torn or cut to expose a fresh
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this surface for examination by the eye, aided preferably by a hand
standard.
lens or a low-power binocular microscope. The dispersion
level of the carbon black is compared against a series of five
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
photographic standards and then rated numerically from 1
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(very low) to 5 (high) (see Fig. 1).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Visual dispersion ratings correlate with certain impor-
tant physical properties of the compound. A rating of 5
2. Referenced Documents
indicates a state of dispersion developing near maximum
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
properties, while a rating of 1 would indicate a state of
D3182PracticeforRubber—Materials,Equipment,andPro- dispersion developing considerably depressed properties.
cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing
Normally, the visual dispersion ratings indicate the following
Standard Vulcanized Sheets levels of compound quality:
D4483Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method
Visual Dispersion Rating Classification
StandardsintheRubberandCarbonBlackManufacturing
4to5 High
Industries
3 to 4 Intermediate
2to3 Low
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
1 to 2 Very low
3
Carbon Black Dispersion Standards
4
6. Apparatus
Carbon Black Dispersion Chart
6.1 Sharp Knife or Razor Blade.
6.2 Hand Lens (10×) or binocular microscope (10 to 20×).
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on
6.3 Illuminator, microscopical-type.
Carbon Black and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.71 on Carbon
Black Testing in Rubber.
6.4 Knife Heater.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally
6.5 Series of Photographic Standards, rating 1 to 5. These
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2663–06. DOI:
10.1520/D2663-08.
standards give the following percent dispersion ratings by the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Agglomerate Count Method:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Visual Rating Black Dispersed, %
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
170
the ASTM website.
3
280
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
391
ADJD266302. Original adjunct produced in 1967.
4
496
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
599
ADJD266301. Original adjunct produced in 1967.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2663 − 08
1
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D2663 − 08
FIG. 1 Carbon Black Dispersion Standards—Visual Analysis of Torn Vulcanizates
7. Test Specimen thickness. Mill and cure in accordance with Practice D3182.
Then proceed as in 7.1.
7.1 Vulcanized Compounds—Use a slab of rubber about
7.2.2 If the specimen contains no curatives, add the appro-
2mm in thickness. Tear it so that a fresh surface is exposed.
priate materials with a minimum of mixing. Then cure and
The tear may be initiated by a small cut. The most nearly flat
part of the tear is used for rating. proceed as above.
7.2.3 If the specimen contains no curatives and a dispersion
7.2 Unvulcanized Compounds—Unvulcanized rubber may
evaluation with no further mixing is require
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2663–06 Designation: D 2663 – 08
Standard Test Methods for
1
Carbon Black—Dispersion in Rubber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2663; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the degree of dispersion of carbon black in rubber. Three test methods are described as follows:
Sections
Test Method A—Visual Inspection 3-11
Test Method B—Agglomerate Count 12-23
Test Method C—Microroughness Measurement
with Profilometer 24-34
Test Method D—Microroughness Measurement with IFM 35-43
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing Standard
Vulcanized Sheets
D4483 PracticeforEvaluatingPrecisionforTestMethodStandardsintheRubberandCarbonBlackManufacturingIndustries
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
Carbon Black Dispersion Standards
4
Carbon Black Dispersion Chart
TEST METHOD A—VISUAL INSPECTION
3. Scope
3
3.1 Test MethodAis a qualitative visual test method. Ratings are made against a set of standard photographs (Fig. 1), and the
results are expressed on a numerical scale. This test method cannot be used for compounds that contain fillers other than carbon
black.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The compound rubber is torn or cut to expose a fresh surface for examination by the eye, aided preferably by a hand lens
or a low-power binocular microscope. The dispersion level of the carbon black is compared against a series of five photographic
standards and then rated numerically from 1 (very low) to 5 (high) (see Fig. 1).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Visualdispersionratingscorrelatewithcertainimportantphysicalpropertiesofthecompound.Aratingof5indicatesastate
ofdispersiondevelopingnearmaximumproperties,whilearatingof1wouldindicateastateofdispersiondevelopingconsiderably
depressed properties. Normally, the visual dispersion ratings indicate the following levels of compound quality:
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.71 on Carbon Black
Testing in Rubber.
Current edition approved Oct.Jan. 1, 2006.2008. Published November 2006.February 2008. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as
D2663–95a (2006).D2663–06.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD266302. Original adjunct produced in 1967.
4
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD266301. Original adjunct produced in 1967.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2663–08
FIG. 1 Carbon Black Dispersion Standards—Visual Analysis of Torn Vulcanizates
Visual Dispersion Rating Classification
4to5 High
3 to 4 Intermediate
2to3 Low
1 to 2 Very low
6. Apparatus
6.1 Sharp Knife or Razor Blade .
6.2 Hand Lens (103) or binocular microscope (10 to 203).
6.3 Illuminator, microscopical-type.
2
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D2663–08
6.4 Knife Heater.
6.5 Series of Photographic Standards , rating 1 to 5. These standards give the following percent dispersion ratings by the
Agglomerate Count Method:
Visual Rating Black Dispersed, %
1 70
2 80
3 91
4 96
5 99
7. Test Specimen
7.1 Vulcanized Compounds—Use a slab of rubber about 2mm in thickness. Tear it so that a fresh surface is exposed. The tear
may be initiated by a small cut. The most nearly flat part of the tear is used for rating.
7.2 Unvulcanized Compounds—Unvulcanized rubber may be examined as follows:
7.2.1 Ifthespecimencont
...
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