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ASTM A427-74(1996)e1

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction

Standard Specification for Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers homogeneous wrought hardened alloy steel rolls for use in cold or hot reduction of flat rolled ferrous and nonferrous products.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
26-Sep-1974
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.06 - Steel Forgings and Billets
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM A427-74(2001) - Standard Specification for Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction
Effective Date
27-Sep-1974

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ASTM A427-74(1996)e1 - Standard Specification for Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot ReductionASTM A427-74(1996)e1 - Standard Specification for Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction
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ASTM A427-74(1996)e1 - Standard Specification for Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: A 427 – 74 (Reapproved 1996) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 427; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Keywords were added editorially in July 1997.
1. Scope 8. Heat Treatment
1.1 This specification covers homogeneous wrought hard- 8.1 The method of heat treatment and hardening shall be at
ened alloy steel rolls for use in cold or hot reduction of flat the option of the manufacturer.
rolled ferrous and nonferrous products.
9. Hardness Requirements
2. Referenced Documents
9.1 The manufacturer shall supply rolls to the hardness
2.1 ASTM Standards: ranges agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer.
E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell 9.2 A hardness range of either 5 points Shore scleroscope or
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials 100 numbers Vickers hardness is permissible.
E 92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate-
10. Hardness Testing
rials
E 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals 10.1 Each roll shall be tested for hardness and shall be
within limits specified on the order. The Shore forged roll
E 448 Practice for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Metallic
Materials scleroscope (HFRS or HFRS ), Rockwell hardness tester, or
C D
Vickers hardness penetrator may be used to determine compli-
3. Ordering Information
ance with the hardness range specified. The approximate
3.1 The purchaser shall specify in the inquiry, contract, or relationship between Shore HFRS scleroscope and diamond
C
order the complete dimensions, hardness range, surface finish, pyramid hardness is shown in Table 1.
and use. Any other requirements shall also be specified. 10.2 The stage of processing at which hardness testing is
conducted and the number and location of tests may be agreed
4. Process
upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer.
4.1 The steel shall be made by the electric-furnace process.
10.3 A sufficient number of hardness tests shall be made to
Additional refining by vacuum arc remelt or electroslag is ensure the required uniformity, both longitudinally and circum-
permitted.
ferentially.
5. Manufacture 11. Soundness
5.1 The forged rolls shall receive their hot mechanical work
11.1 The material shall be free of injurious imperfections.
under a press or hammer of ample capacity to work the metal
12. Workmanship
throughout its section. However, 6-in. (152-mm) diameter or
less rolls may be produced from rolled bars. 12.1 The roll shall conform to the dimensions and surface
finish specified by the purchaser.
6. Discard
13. Marking
6.1 Sufficient discard shall be made from each ingot to
secure freedom from piping and undue segregation. 13.1 Each roll shall be permanently identified with marking
by the manufacturer on the end face of the journals, unless
7. Chemical Requirements
otherwise specified.
7.1 Unless specified by the purchaser, the chemical require-
14. Report
ments shall be at the discretion of the manufacturer.
14.1 The manufacturer shall furnish a report of the hardness
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel, test. The type, model, and instrument used shall be reported. In
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
the case of the Vickers hardness readings, the load shall be
A01.06on Steel Forgings and Billets.
reported.
Current edition approved S
...

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FIG. 1 Bored Forgings
Note 1: Sensitivity multiplication factor such that a 10 % indication at the forging bore surface will be equivalent to a 1/8 in. [3 mm] diameter flat bottom hole. Inspection frequency: 2.0 MHz or 2.25 MHz. Material velocity: 2.30 in./s × 105 in./s [5.85 cm/s × 105 cm/s].
FIG. 2 Solid Forgings
Note 1: Sensitivity multiplication factor such that a 10 % indication at the forging centerline surface will be equivalent to a 1/8 in. [3 mm] diameter flat bottom hole. Inspection frequency: 2.0 MHz or 2.25 MHz. Material velocity: 2.30 in./s × 105 in./s [5.85 cm/s × 105 cm/s].
FIG. 3 Conversion Factors to Be Used in Conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 if a Change in the Reference Reflector Diameter is Required
1.4 Considerable verification data for this method have been generated which indicate that even under controlled conditions very significant uncertainties may exist in estimating natural discontinuities in terms of minimum equivalent size flat-bottom holes. The possibility exists that the estimated minimum areas of natural discontinuities in terms of minimum areas of the comparison flat-bottom holes may differ by 20 dB (factor of 10) in terms of actual areas of natural discontinuities. This magnitude of inaccuracy does not apply to all results but should be recognized as a possibility. Rigid control of the actual frequency used, the coil bandpass width if tuned instruments are used, and so forth, tend to reduce the overall inaccuracy which is apt to develop.  
1.5 This practice for inspection applies to solid cylindrical forgings having outer diameters of not less than 2.5 in. [64 mm] nor greater than 100 in. [2540 mm]. It also applies to cylindrical forgings with concentric cylindrical bores having wall thicknesses of 2.5 [64 mm] in. or greater, within the same outer diameter limits as for solid cylinders. For solid sections less than 15 in. [380 mm] in diameter and for bored cylinders of less than 7.5 in. [190 mm] wall thickness the transducer used for the inspection will be different than the transducer used for larger sections.  
1.6 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the...

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1.1 This specification2 covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts (Note 1).  
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1.2 A number of grades of austenitic steel castings are included in this specification. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for service at high temperatures or in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature or corrosion-resistant characteristics, or both.  
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1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets or parentheses.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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