ASTM F1878-21
(Guide)Standard Guide for Escort Vessel Evaluation and Selection
Standard Guide for Escort Vessel Evaluation and Selection
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide presents some methodologies to predict the forces required to bring a disabled ship under control within the available limits of the waterway, taking into account local influences of wind and sea conditions. Presented are methodologies to determine the control forces that an escort vessel can reasonably be expected to impose on a disabled ship, taking into account the design of the ship, transit speed, winds, currents, and sea conditions. In some instances, this guide presents formulae that can be used directly; in other instances, in which the interaction of various factors is more complicated, it presents analytic processes that can be used in developing computer simulations.
4.2 Unlike the more traditional work of berthing assistance in sheltered harbors or pulling a “dead ship” on the end of a long towline, the escorting mission assumes that the disabled ship will be at transit speed at the time of failure, and that it could be in exposed waters subject to wind, current, and sea conditions.
4.3 The navigational constraints of the channel or waterway might restrict the available maneuvering area within which the disabled ship must be brought under control before it runs aground or collides with fixed objects in the waterway (see allision).
4.4 The escort mission requires escort vessel(s) that are capable of responding in timely fashion and that can safely apply substantial control forces to the disabled ship. This entails evaluation of the escort vessel's horsepower, steering and retarding forces at various speeds, maneuverability, stability, and outfitting (towing gear, fendering, and so forth). This guide can be used in developing escort plans for selecting suitable escort vessel(s) for specific ships in specific waterways.
4.5 The methodologies and processes outlined in this guide are for performance-based analyses of escort scenarios. This means that the acceptability of a vessel (or combination of vessels) for escorting is based up...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the evaluation and selection of escort vessels that are to be used to escort ships transiting confined waters. The purpose of the escort vessel is to limit the uncontrolled movement of a ship disabled by loss of propulsion or steering to within the navigational constraints of the waterway. The various factors addressed in this guide also can be integrated into a plan for escorting a given ship in a given waterway. The selection of equipment also is addressed in this guide.
1.2 This guide can be used in performance-based analyses to evaluate:
1.2.1 The control requirement of a disabled ship,
1.2.2 The performance capabilities of escort vessels,
1.2.3 The navigational limits and fixed obstacles of a waterway,
1.2.4 The ambient conditions (wind and sea) that will impact the escort response, and
1.2.5 The maneuvering characteristics of combined disabled ship/escort vessel(s).
1.3 This guide outlines how these various factors can be integrated to form an escort plan for a specific ship or a specific waterway. It also outlines training programs and the selection of equipment for escort-related activities.
1.4 A flowchart of the overall process for developing and implementing an escort plan is shown in Fig. 1. The process begins with the collection of appropriate data, which are analyzed with respect to the performance criteria and in consultation with individuals having local specialized knowledge (such as pilots, waterway authorities, interest groups, or public/private organizations, and so forth). This yields escort vessel performance requirements for various transit speeds and conditions; these are embodied in the ship's escort plan. When the time comes to prepare for the actual transit, the plan is consulted in conjunction with forecast conditions and desired transit speed to select and dispatch the appropriate escort vessel (or combination of vessels). A pre-escort conference ...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1878 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
1
Escort Vessel Evaluation and Selection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1878; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ducted to ensure that all principal persons (ship master, pilot,
and escort vessel masters) have a good understanding of how
1.1 This guide covers the evaluation and selection of escort
tomakeasafetransitandinteractintheeventofanemergency.
vessels that are to be used to escort ships transiting confined
waters. The purpose of the escort vessel is to limit the 1.5 This guide addresses various aspects of escorting, in-
uncontrolledmovementofashipdisabledbylossofpropulsion cluding several performance criteria and methodologies for
or steering to within the navigational constraints of the analyzing the criteria, as well as training, outfitting, and other
waterway. The various factors addressed in this guide also can escort-related considerations. This guide can be expanded as
be integrated into a plan for escorting a given ship in a given appropriate to add new criteria, incorporate “lessons learned”
waterway. The selection of equipment also is addressed in this as more escorting experience is gained in the industry, or to
guide. include alternative methodologies for analyzing the criteria.
1.2 This guide can be used in performance-based analyses 1.6 This guide addresses physical control of the disabled
to evaluate: ship with the assistance of the escort vessel(s). Other possible
1.2.1 The control requirement of a disabled ship, functions, such as firefighting, piloting, or navigational
1.2.2 The performance capabilities of escort vessels, redundancy,areoutsidethescopeofthisguide.Also,thisguide
1.2.3 The navigational limits and fixed obstacles of a was developed for application to oceangoing ships in coastal
waterway, waterways; it is not suitable for application to barge strings in
1.2.4 The ambient conditions (wind and sea) that will riverine environments.
impact the escort response, and
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
1.2.5 Themaneuveringcharacteristicsofcombineddisabled
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ship/escort vessel(s).
standard.
1.3 This guide outlines how these various factors can be
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
integratedtoformanescortplanforaspecificshiporaspecific
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
waterway. It also outlines training programs and the selection
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of equipment for escort-related activities.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.4 A flowchart of the overall process for developing and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
implementing an escort plan is shown in Fig. 1. The process
begins with the collection of appropriate data, which are
2. Referenced Documents
analyzed with respect to the performance criteria and in
2
consultation with individuals having local specialized knowl-
2.1 Code of Federal Regulations Document:
edge (such as pilots, waterway authorities, interest groups, or 33 CFR Part 168 Escort Vessels for Certain Tankers
3
public/private organizations, and so forth). This yields escort
2.2 IMO Resolutions:
vessel performance requirements for various transit speeds and
IMO Resolution A.601(15) Provision and Display of Ma-
conditions; these are embodied in the ship’s escort plan. When
neuvering Information on Board Ships
the time comes to prepare for the actual transit, the plan is
IMO Resolution MSC.137(76) Standards for Ship Maneu-
consulted in conjunction with forecast conditions and desired
verability
3
transitspeedtoselectanddispatchtheappropriateescortvessel
2.3 Marine Safety Committee Circulars:
(or combination of vessels). A pre-escort conference is con-
MSC Circular 1053 Explanatory Notes to the Standards for
Ship Maneuverability
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of Committee F25 on Ships and Marine
2
Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.01 on Structures. Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St.,
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally NW, Washington, DC 20401, http://www.gpo.gov.
3
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1878 − 98 (Reapproved 2015) F1878 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
1
Escort Vessel Evaluation and Selection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1878; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the evaluation and selection of escort vessels that are to be used to escort ships transiting confined waters.
The purpose of the escort vessel is to limit the uncontrolled movement of a ship disabled by loss of propulsion or steering to within
the navigational constraints of the waterway. The various factors addressed in this guide also can be integrated into a plan for
escorting a given ship in a given waterway. The selection of equipment also is addressed in this guide.
1.2 This guide can be used in performance-based analyses to evaluate:
1.2.1 The control requirement of a disabled ship,
1.2.2 The performance capabilities of escort vessels,
1.2.3 The navigational limits and fixed obstacles of a waterway,
1.2.4 The ambient conditions (wind and sea) that will impact the escort response, and
1.2.5 The maneuvering characteristics of combined disabled ship/escort vessel(s).
1.3 This guide outlines how these various factors can be integrated to form an escort plan for a specific ship or a specific waterway.
It also outlines training programs and the selection of equipment for escort-related activities.
1.4 A flowchart of the overall process for developing and implementing an escort plan is shown in Fig. 1. The process begins with
the collection of appropriate data, which are analyzed with respect to the performance criteria and in consultation with individuals
having local specialized knowledge (such as pilots, waterway authorities, interest groups, or public/private organizations, and so
forth). This yields escort vessel performance requirements for various transit speeds and conditions; these are embodied in the
ship’s escort plan. When the time comes to prepare for the actual transit, the plan is consulted in conjunction with forecast
conditions and desired transit speed to select and dispatch the appropriate escort vessel (or combination of vessels). A pre-escort
conference is conducted to ensure that all principal persons (ship master, pilot, and escort vessel masters) have a good
understanding of how to make a safe transit and interact in the event of an emergency.
1.5 This guide addresses various aspects of escorting, including several performance criteria and methodologies for analyzing the
criteria, as well as training, outfitting, and other escort-related considerations. This guide can be expanded as appropriate to add
new criteria, incorporate “lessons learned” as more escorting experience is gained in the industry, or to include alternative
methodologies for analyzing the criteria.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of Committee F25 on Ships and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on General Requirements.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2021. Published June 2015November 2021. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 as
F1878 – 98 (2009).(2015). DOI: 10.1520/F1878-98R15.10.1520/F1878-21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F1878 − 21
FIG. 1 Flowchart of the Overall Process for Developing and Implementing an Escort Plan
1.6 This guide addresses physical control of the disabled ship with the assistance of the escort vessel(s). Other possible functions,
such as firefighting, piloting, or navigational redundancy, are outside the scope of this guide. Also, this guide was developed for
application to oceangoing ships in coastal waterways; it is not suitable for application to barge strings in riverine environments.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barr
...
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