ASTM D3630-89(1993)

Standard Guide for Determining Constituents Classified as Hazardous Contained in Protective Coatings (Withdrawn 2001)

SCOPE
1.1 This guide applies to liquid protective coatings, related products, and their dried films. It is a guide for the selection of analytical procedures for the determination of the presence and quantity of selected materials that may present potential physiological hazards.  
1.2 Various levels of government have established laws and regulations that limit the quantity or prohibit the presence of certain materials classified as hazardous in protective coatings. Materials subject to such regulations are within the scope of this guide.  
1.3 A hazardous material within the scope of this guide is one that exhibits harmful physiological effects through ingestion, inhalation, absorption, or skin or eye contact. Hazards associated with combustion are not within its scope.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1992
• Withdrawal Date: 09-Mar-2001
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3630 – 89 (Reapproved 1993)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Guide for
Determining Constituents Classified as Hazardous
Contained in Protective Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3630; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1301 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of White Lead
Pigments
1.1 This guide applies to liquid protective coatings, related
D 1844 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Basic Lead
products, and their dried films. It is a guide for the selection of
Silicochromate
analytical procedures for the determination of the presence and
D 1845 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Strontium
quantity of selected materials that may present potential
Chromate Pigment
physiological hazards.
D 2348 Test Method for Arsenic in Paint
1.2 Various levels of government have established laws and
D 2349 Test Method of Qualitative Determination of Nature
regulations that limit the quantity or prohibit the presence of
of Thinner in Solvent-Reducible Paints
certain materials classified as hazardous in protective coatings.
D 2350 Test Method for Antimony Oxide in White Pigment
Materials subject to such regulations are within the scope of
Separated From Solvent-Reducible Paints
this guide.
D 2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-
1.3 A hazardous material within the scope of this guide is
Reducible Paints
one that exhibits harmful physiological effects through inges-
D 2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle From Solvent-
tion, inhalation, absorption, or skin or eye contact. Hazards
Reducible Paints
associated with combustion are not within its scope.
D 2374 Test Method for Lead in Paint Driers by EDTA
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D 2621 Test Method for Infrared Identification of Vehicle
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Solids From Solvent-Reducible Paints
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D 2698 Test Method for Determination of the Pigment
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Content of Solvent-Reducible Paints by High-Speed Cen-
2. Referenced Documents trifuging
D 2742 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Tribasic Lead
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Phosphosilicate
D 49 Test Methods of Chemical Analysis of Red Lead
D 3257 Test Methods for Aromatics in Mineral Spirits by
D 126 Test Methods for Analysis of Yellow, Orange, and
Gas Chromatography
Green Pigments Containing Lead Chromate and Chro-
D 3271 Practice for Direct Injection of Solvent-Reducible
mium Oxide Green
Paints Into a Gas Chromatograph for Solvent Analysis
D 215 Practice for Chemical Analysis of White Linseed Oil
D 3272 Practice for Vacuum Distillation of Solvents From
Paints
Solvent-Reducible Paints For Analysis
D 283 Test Methods of Chemical Analysis of Cuprous
D 3280 Test Methods for Analysis of White Zinc Pigments
Oxide and Copper Pigments
D 3329 Test Method for Purity of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
D 444 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Zinc Yellow
by Gas Chromatography
Pigment (Zinc Chromate Yellow)
D 3335 Test Method for Low Concentrations of Lead,
D 564 Test Methods for Liquid Paint Driers
Cadmium, and Cobalt in Paint by Atomic Absorption
D 715 Test Methods for Analysis of Barium Sulfate Pig-
Spectroscopy
ment
D 3432 Test Method for Free Toluene Diisocyanates in
Urethane Prepolymers and Coating Solutions by Gas
Chromatography
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint and
D 3618 Test Method for Detection of Lead in Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of 3
Dried Paint Films
Subcommittee D01.22 on Health and Safety.
Current edition approved Oct. 27, 1989. Published December 1989. Originally
e1
published as D 3630 – 77. Last previous edition D 3630 – 77 (1981) .
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03. Discontinued; see 1989 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
D 3630
D 3624 Test Method for Low Concentrations of Mercury in 3.1.2 Other ASTM methods believed to be applicable to
Paint by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy paint and related products,
D 3717 Test Method for Low Concentrations of Antimony 3.1.3 Methods adopted as standard by other scientific and
in Paint by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy technical or governmental organizations, and
D 3718 Test Method for Low Concentrations of Chromium 3.1.4 Widely used methods reported in the literature.
in Paint by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
4. Significance and Use
E 202 Test Methods for Analysis of Ethylene Glycols and
Propylene Glycols 4.1 Protective coatings and related products containing
E 260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
materials classified as hazardous may be regulated or con-
2.2 ANSI Standard: trolled in various ways as follows:
Z66.1 Specification for Paints and Coatings Accessible to
4.1.1 Precautionary Labeling Required:
Children to Minimize Dry Film Toxicity 4.1.1.1 Under the U.S. Federal Hazardous Substances Act
2.3 Federal Standards:
and corresponding state laws, “consumer” paint products must
U.S. Federal Test Method Standard No. 141: carry precautionary labeling as specified in the laws, or
4021.1 Pigment Content (Ordinary Centrifuge)
implementing regulations, or both.
4032 Vehicle Isolation (Super Centrifuge)
NOTE 1—Under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act lead, ethylene
7041 Analysis of Basic Carbonate White Lead Pigment
and diethylene glycol, petroleum distillates, and turpentine are classed as
7051 Analysis of Basic Sulfate White Lead Pigment
hazardous through ingestion. Methyl alcohol, benzene, xylene, and
7071 Red Lead Pigments
toluene are classed as hazardous through ingestion and inhalation.
7106 Analysis of Antimony Oxide Pigment Ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, and diglycidyl ethers are classed as
strong sensitizers.
7111 Analysis of Chrome Green Pigment
7131 Analysis of Chrome Yellow and Chrome Orange
4.1.1.2 In certain states, coatings and related materials
Pigments
packaged and sold for industrial application are subject to
7135 Analysis of Cadmium Pigment
precautionary labeling laws and regulations.
7231 Metal Content of Driers
4.1.2 Use Prohibited in Certain Areas:
7271 Analysis of Pigments Extracted from Chrome Yellow
4.1.2.1 Under the U.S. Federal Hazardous Substances Act
and Chrome Orange Paints
and the Lead Paint Poisoning Prevention Act, and the laws of
7281 Analysis of Pigment Extracted from Chrome Green
certain states and municipalities, coatings and related products
Paints
containing more than a specified quantity of lead are banned
2.4 Canadian Standards Association Standards:
for use in and around a household or other areas where children
CAN2-1.500 Method of Test for Toxic Trace Elements in
might be exposed.
Protective Coatings:
4.1.2.2 Under certain local ordinances, coatings and related
1-GP-500.1 Determination of Lead in Low Concentration
products containing more than a specified quantity of “other
1-GP-500.2 Determination of Leachable Cadmium in Low
toxic heavy metals” are also subject to control.
Concentration
NOTE 2—The amount of lead, antimony, arsenic, cadmium, mercury,
1-GP-500.3 Determination of Leachable Barium in Low
selenium, and soluble barium that may be present in coatings for use on
Concentration
children’s furniture and toys and areas that might be chewed by children
1-GP-500.4 Determination of Leachable Antimony in Low
is restricted under ANSI Standard Z 66.1 and under various U.S. munici-
Concentration pal ordinances.
1-GP-500.5 Determination of Leachable Selenium in Low
4.1.3 Subject to Approval for Certain Uses:
Concentration
4.1.3.1 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits
1-GP-500.6 Determination of Leachable Mercury in Low
only approved ingredients to be used in coatings for food and
Concentration
beverage containers or processing equipment that comes into
contact with the product.
3. Summary of Guide
4.1.3.2 The U.S. Department of Agriculture authorizes for
3.1 This guide covers each material separately, discussing
use on structural surfaces in federally inspected meat and
the methods available, the advantages and drawbacks of each,
poultry processing plants only coatings accepted as nonhaz-
including the range, the equipment needed, and when informa-
ardous.
tion is available, the precision. Methods discussed are:
4.1.3.3 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regula-
3.1.1 ASTM methods adopted by Committee D-1,
tions control the distribution of paints that claim special
fungicidal or pesticidal characteristics, and the use in ship-
bottom paints of materials that have the potential for harming
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05. the aquatic environment.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
NOTE 3—Cuprous oxide, bis(tributyltin oxide), arsenic, and mercury
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. are classed as hazardous materials by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,
Agency when used in antifouling paints.
700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.
4.1.4 Environmental Controls During Use and Corrective
Available from Canadian Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Rexdale,
Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3. Measures in the Event of Accidents or Misuse Required:
D 3630
4.1.4.1 Under U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act paints so they may be analyzed.
regulations, airborne concentrations of certain vapors, fumes, 6.2 Practice D 3271 covers analysis of the solvents by
and dusts are limited in the work-place atmosphere. Coatings, injection of the liquid coating into a gas chromatograph. Prior
when applied, may emit solvent vapors that are subject to these separation is not required.
limits.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
4.1.4.2 Under Occupational Safety and Health Act regula-
tions, skin or eye contact with liquid paint containing specified
7. Heavy Metals Analysis, ASTM Methods
potentially hazardous materials must be avoided and protective
7.1 Methods for the analysis of pigments apply to dry
apparel may be required. In the event of hazardous skin or eye
pigment or to pigment separated from the vehicle in accor-
contact, corrective action to ameliorate physiological injury is
dance with Section 5.
prescribed.
7.2 Lead:
NOTE 4—Over 400 materials have been classified by the Occupational
7.2.1 Pigment Analysis—In all the following methods ex-
Safety and Health Administration as being potentially hazardous. Of this
cept for Methods D 2742, the concentration range for which
number approximately 80 may be found in varying amounts as compo-
11 the method is applicable is not given.
nents of coatings and related products.
7.2.1.1 Test Methods D 49 cover procedures for the chemi-
4.1.4.3 To achieve air quality standards under the Clean Air
cal analysis of dry red lead having the approximate formula
Act, regulations of various states and regions control emissions
Pb O (probably PbO ·2PbO). Total lead is determined gravi-
4 2
of volatile organic compounds resulting from the application of
metrically as lead sulfate.
surface coatings.
7.2.1.2 Test Methods D 126—Total lead is determined
gravimetrically as lead sulfate. The comparable Fed. Test
5. Pigment, Vehicle Separations (Centrifugal)
Methods Std. 141 methods are 7271 and 7281.
5.1 The methods listed in this section cover centrifugal
7.2.1.3 Practice D 215—Two methods are described for the
separation of pigment from vehicle. The pigment may then be
gravimetric determination of total lead, one as the sulfate and
analyzed as described in subsequent sections. More recent
the other as the chromate. The choice of method may be
methods utilizing analysis of the whole paint by atomic
dictated by potential interferences discussed in the text.
absorption spectroscopy may be preferred due to greater speed
7.2.1.4 Test Methods D 1301 cover procedures for the
and accuracy.
chemical analysis of basic carbonate white lead and basic
5.2 Separation of the vehicle from the pigment is generally
sulfate white lead. Total lead is determined gravimetrically as
the first step in coatings analysis. There are three ASTM
lead chromate. The comparable Fed. Test Method Std. 141
methods covering the use of centrifuges:
method is 7041.
5.2.1 Test Method D 2371 describes the use of the normal
7.2.1.5 Test Methods D 1844—Total lead is determined
laboratory centrifuge that develops 2000 g. It should be used
gravimetrically as lead chromate.
where a quantitative determination of the amount of pigment in
7.2.1.6 Methods D 2742—Silicon is removed by filtration
the coating is required.
and total lead determined gravimetrically as lead sulfate. The
5.2.2 Practice D 2372 covers use of a high-speed centrifuge
methods are designed for the analysis of essentially pure
that develops 10 000 g and is used when analysis of the vehicle
pigment.
is of main interest.
7.2.1.7 Methods D 3280 cover procedures for the analysis
5.2.3 Test Method D 2698 covers use of a centrifuge that
of white zinc pigments, including leaded zinc oxide. Total lead
develops at least 32 000 g. Determination of the pigment
is determined gravimetrically as lead sulfate.
content is the main objective of the method although the
7.2.2 Analysis of Liquid Material or Dried Film:
separated pigment may be solvent-extracted to remove residual
7.2.2.1 Test Methods D 564 cover the determination of
vehicle.
percent lead in liquid driers (see Section 9). Total lead is
NOTE 5—Centrifuge methods do not generally give good separations of
determined gravimetrically as lead sulfate. The comparable
pigments that bleed (partially dissolve) or have low densities and fine
Fed. Test Method Std. No. 141 method is 7231.
particle sizes (such as carbon black).
7.2.2.2 Test Method D 2374 covers a titrimetric determina-
5.3 U.S. Federal Test Method Standard 141 contains two
tion of lead in paint driers that can be dissolved in a suitable
centrifuge methods. Federal Method 4021.1 is similar to Test
solvent and utilizes excess EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic
Method D 2371 except that additional extraction mixtures are
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