ASTM D291/D291M-20

Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of Crushed Bituminous Coal

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method concerns the compaction of crushed coal to determine either its compacted or uncompacted bulk density, for purposes such as charging coke ovens.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining the bulk density of crushed coal less than 37.5 mm [1.5 in.] in size, such as is charged into coke ovens, as follows:  
1.1.1 Procedure A—The cone procedure for determining an uncompacted bulk density.
1.1.1.1 Standard Method—Procedure employs the use of a 115 mm [4.5 in.] chute opening and a measuring box having dimensions of 305 mm x 305 mm x 305 mm [12.0 in. x 12.0 in. x 12.0 in.].
1.1.1.2 Alternate Method—Procedure employs the use of a 203 mm [8.0 in.] chute opening and a measuring box having dimensions of 203 mm x 203 mm x 305 mm [8.0 in. x 8.0 in. x 12.0 in.] for coals with a total moisture greater than 7 %.  
1.1.2 Procedure B—The dropped-coal procedure for determining a compacted bulk density, comparable to actual bulk densities attained in coke ovens.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to the testing of powdered coal as used in boiler plants, nor to the determination of the bulk density of coal in storage piles.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2020
• ICS: 73.040 - Coals
• Technical Committee: D05 - Coal and Coke
• Drafting Committee: D05.15 - Metallurgical Properties of Coal and Coke

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D291/D291M − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Bulk Density of Crushed Bituminous Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D291/D291M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining 2.1 ASTM Standards:
the bulk density of crushed coal less than 37.5 mm [1.5 in.] in D440 Test Method of Drop Shatter Test for Coal
size, such as is charged into coke ovens, as follows: D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample
1.1.1 Procedure A—The cone procedure for determining an of Coal
uncompacted bulk density. D3038 Test Method for Drop Shatter Test for Coke
1.1.1.1 Standard Method—Procedure employs the use of a D3302/D3302M Test Method for Total Moisture in Coal
115 mm [4.5 in.] chute opening and a measuring box having D4749 Test Method for Performing the Sieve Analysis of
dimensionsof305 mmx305 mmx305 mm[12.0 in.x12.0 in. Coal and Designating Coal Size
x 12.0 in.].
3. Significance and Use
1.1.1.2 Alternate Method—Procedure employs the use of a
203 mm [8.0 in.] chute opening and a measuring box having
3.1 This test method concerns the compaction of crushed
dimensions of 203 mm x 203 mm x 305 mm [8.0 in. x 8.0 in. x
coal to determine either its compacted or uncompacted bulk
12.0 in.] for coals with a total moisture greater than 7 %.
density, for purposes such as charging coke ovens.
1.1.2 Procedure B—The dropped-coal procedure for deter-
PROCEDURE A—CONE PROCEDURE FOR
mining a compacted bulk density, comparable to actual bulk
UNCOMPACTED BULK DENSITY
densities attained in coke ovens.
1.2 This test method is not applicable to the testing of
4. Apparatus
powderedcoalasusedinboilerplants,nortothedetermination
4.1 Measuring Box:
of the bulk density of coal in storage piles.
4.1.1 Standard Method, of rigid construction, having inside
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
dimensionsof305 mmx305 mmx305 mm[12.0 in.x12.0 in.
3 3
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
x 12.0 in.], and a volume of 0.02873 m 6 0.00008 m
3 3
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
[1.000 ft 6 .003 ft ]. The exact volume of the box shall be
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
determined by water calibration.
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
4.1.2 Alternate Method, of rigid construction, having the
from the two systems shall not be combined.
inside dimensions of 203 mm x 203 mm x 305 mm [8.0 in. x
3 3
8.0 in. x 12.0 in.], and a volume of 0.01257 m 6 .00003 m
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3 3
[0.4444 ft 60.0012 ft ].Theexactvolumeoftheboxshallbe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
determined by water calibration.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.2 Cone:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2.1 Standard Method, conforming to Fig. 1 for filling the
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
measuring box. This cone shall be 610 mm [24.0 in.] high and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
510 mm [20.0 in.] in inside diameter at the top, with a circular
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
opening 115 mm [4.5 in.] in diameter at the bottom. A slide
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
valve consisting of a sliding-plate shutter and its supports shall
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
be welded to the bottom of the cone in such a manner that the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
valve may be opened and closed with ease by removing or
inserting the shutter in its supporting slides. The cone shall be
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical
2
Properties of Coal and Coke. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020. Published January 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D291 – 07(2012). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D0291_D0291M-20.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D291 − 07 (Reapproved 2012) D291/D291M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Cubic Foot Weight Bulk Density of Crushed Bituminous
1
Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D291;D291/D291M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining the cubic foot weight bulk density of crushed coal less than
1
137.5 mm ⁄2 in. (37 mm) [1.5 in.] in size, such as is charged into coke ovens, as follows:
1.1.1 Procedure A—The cone procedure for determining an uncompacted weight per cubic foot (cubic metre).bulk density.
1.1.1.1 Standard Method—Procedure employs the use of a 115 mm [4.5 in.] chute opening and a measuring box having
dimensions of 305 mm x 305 mm x 305 mm [12.0 in. x 12.0 in. x 12.0 in.].
1.1.1.2 Alternate Method—Procedure employs the use of a 203 mm [8.0 in.] chute opening and a measuring box having
dimensions of 203 mm x 203 mm x 305 mm [8.0 in. x 8.0 in. x 12.0 in.] for coals with a total moisture greater than 7 %.
1.1.2 Procedure B—The dropped-coal procedure for determining a compacted weight per cubic foot (cubic metre), bulk density,
comparable to actual bulk densities attained in coke ovens.
1.2 This test method is not applicable to the testing of powdered coal as used in boiler plants, nor to the determination of weights
per cubic foot the bulk density of coal in storage piles.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values
givenstated in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered
standard. Mass may be expressed in metric values.each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure
conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not
be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical Properties
of Coal and Coke.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2020. Published October 2007January 2021. Originally approved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
ε1
D291 – 07 .(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D0291-07R12. 10.1520/D0291_D0291M-20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D291/D291M − 20
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D440 Test Method of Drop Shatter Test for Coal
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
D3038 Test Method for Drop Shatter Test for Coke
D3302D3302/D3302M Test Method for Total Moisture in Coal
D4749 Test Method for Performing the Sieve Analysis of Coal and Designating Coal Size
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method concerns the compaction of crushed coal to determine either its compacted or uncompacted weight, bulk
density, for purposes such as charging coke ovens.
PROCEDURE A—CONE PROCEDURE FOR UNCOMPACTED CUBIC FOOT (CUBIC METRE) WEIGHT BULK
DENSITY
4. Apparatus
4.1 Measuring Box,Box: of rigid construction, having inside dimensions of 12.0 by 12.0 by 12.0 in. (305 by 305 by 305 mm), and
3 3 3
a volume of 1728 6 5 in. (0.0283 m 6 82 cm ). The exact volume of the box shall be determined by water calibration.
4.1.1 Standard Method, of rigid construction, having inside dimensions of 305 mm x 305 mm x 305 mm [12.0 in. x 12.0 in. x
3 3 3 3
12.0 in.], and a volume of 0.02873 m 6 0.00008 m [1.000 ft 6 .003 ft ]. The exact volume of the box shall be determined b
...