ASTM F15-04(2009)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Sealing Alloy
Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Sealing Alloy
ABSTRACT
This specification covers an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy for use in sealing to glass in electronic applications. The alloy shall conform to the chemical composition specified and shall be manufactured in the form of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tube, with each form available in the specified temper condition. For example, tubes shall be bright annealed and supplied in the annealed temper condition. Strip and sheet shall be of temper A, B, C, D, or E or in deep-drawing temper condition, while wire and rod shall be bright annealed and supplied in temper A condition unless specified otherwise. The material shall be smooth, uniform in cross section, composition, and temper, and free of scale, corrosion, cracks, seams, scratches, slivers, and other defects. Tests for hardness, tensile strength, thermal expansion, and transformation shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, UNS K94610 containing nominally 29 % nickel, 17 % cobalt, and 53 % iron, in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing, intended primarily for sealing to glass in electronic applications.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 13 and 14 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:F15 −04(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Sealing Alloy
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF15;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F14Practice for Making andTesting Reference Glass-Metal
Bead-Seal
1.1 This specification covers an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy,
F140Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Butt Seals
UNS K94610 containing nominally 29% nickel, 17% cobalt,
and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polarimetric
and 53% iron, in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and
Methods
tubing, intended primarily for sealing to glass in electronic
F144Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Sandwich
applications.
Seal and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polari-
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
metric Methods
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
3. Ordering Information
1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test
3.1 Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshallinclude
method portion, Sections 13 and 14 of this specification. This
the following information:
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
3.1.1 Size,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
3.1.2 Temper (Section 6),
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
3.1.3 Surface finish (Section 10),
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
3.1.4 Marking and packaging (Section 17), and
tions prior to use.
3.1.5 Certification if required.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Chemical Requirements
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
E3Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
E8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
5. Surface Lubricants
terials
5.1 All lubricants used during cold-working operations,
E92TestMethodforVickersHardnessofMetallicMaterials
such as drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of being
(Withdrawn 2010)
removed readily by any of the common organic degreasing
E112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
solvents.
E140Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship
Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell
6. Temper
Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, and
Scleroscope Hardness
6.1 The desired temper of the material shall be specified in
E228Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
the purchase order.
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
6.2 Tube—Unless otherwise agreed upon by the supplier or
manufacturer and the purchaser, these forms shall be given a
final bright anneal by the manufacturer and supplied in the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on
Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on Metallic
annealed temper.
Materials.
6.3 Strip and Sheet— These forms shall be supplied in one
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
approved in 1961 as F15–61T. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as
of the tempers given in Table 2 or in deep-drawing temper, as
F15–04(2009). DOI: 10.1520/F0015-04R09.
specified.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.4 Wire and Rod—These forms shall be supplied in one of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the tempers given in Table 3 as specified. Unless otherwise
the ASTM website.
specified, the material shall be bright annealed and supplied in
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. temper A (annealed).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F15−04 (2009)
150×
FIG. 1 Normal Annealed Specimen Showing No Transformation
150×
FIG. 2 Partially Transformed Specimen
F15−04 (2009)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
9.1.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance or
Element Composition, % rejection for the tempers given in Table 2 and shall conform
A
Iron, nominal 53 with the requirements prescribed.
A
Nickel, nominal 29
9.1.2 Tension test specimens shall be taken so the longitu-
A
Cobalt, nominal 17
dinalaxisisparalleltothedirectionofrollingandthetestshall
Manganese, max 0.50
Silicon, max 0.20 be performed in accordance with Test Methods E8.
Carbon, max 0.04
B
9.2 Wire and Rod:
Aluminum, max 0.10
B
Magnesium, max 0.10
9.2.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance or
B
Zirconium, max 0.10
rejectionforthetempersgiveninTable3.andshallconformto
B
Titanium, max 0.10
the requirements prescribed.
Copper, max 0.20
Chromium, max 0.20
9.2.2 The test shall be performed in accordance with Test
Molybdenum, max 0.20
Method E8.
A
The iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements listed are nominal. They shall be
adjusted by the manufacturer so that the alloy meets the requirements for
10. Surface Finish
coefficient of thermal expansion given in Table 4.
B
The total of aluminum, magnesium, zirconium, and titanium shall not exceed
10.1 The standard surface finishes available shall be those
0.20 %.
resulting from the following operations:
10.1.1 Hot rolling,
10.1.2 Forging,
TABLE 2 Tensile Strength Requirements for Sheet and Strip
10.1.3 Centerless grinding (rod),
Temper
Temper Name Tensile Strength, ksi(MPa)
10.1.4 Belt polishing,
Designation
10.1.5 Cold rolling, and
A annealed 82 max (570 max)
B ⁄4 hard 75 to 90 (520 to 630)
10.1.6 Wire drawing.
C half hard 85 to 100 (590 to 700)
D ⁄4 hard 95 to 110 (660 to 770)
11. Thermal Expansion Characteristics
E hard 100 min (700 min)
11.1 The average linear coefficients of thermal expansion
shall be within the limits specified in Table 4.
TABLE 3 Tensile Strength Requirements for Wire and Rod
12. Test for Thermal Expansion
Temper Designation Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa)
A 85 (585) max
12.1 Heat the specimen in a hydrogen atmosphere for1hat
B 85 to 105 (585 to 725)
900°C, followed by 15 min at 1100°C. Between the 900 and
C 95 to 115 (655 to 795)
1100°C heat-treatment periods, the specimen may be cooled to
D 105 to 125 (725 to 860)
E 125 (860) min
room temperature if desired. Cool the specimen from 1100 to
200°C in the hydrogen atmosphere at a rate not to exceed
5°C/min.
7. Grain Size
12.2 Determine the thermal expansion characteristics in
7.1 Strip and sheet for deep drawing shall have an average accordance with Test Method E228.
grain size not larger thanASTM No. 5 (Note 1), and no more
NOTE 2—For critical glass sealing applications, it is recommended that
than 10% of the grains shall be larger than No. 5 when
theuserconductfunctionaltestinginaccordancewithPracticesF14,F140
measured in accordance with Test Methods E112.
or F144. Such tests circumvent possible problems with thermal expansion
measurements and glass setting point estimates.
NOTE1—Thiscorrespondstoagrainsizeof0.065mm,or16grains/in.
NOTE3—Thethermaltreatmentdescribedinthissectionisforpurposes
of image at 100×.
of the thermal expansion test only. Consult the non-mandatory appendix
ofthisdocumentforguidanceonannealingconditionsforvariousproduct
8. Hardness
forms.
8.1 Deep-Drawing Temper—Fordeepdrawing,thehardness
13. Transformation
shall not exceed 82 HRB for material 0.100 in. (2.54 mm) and
less in thickness and 85 HRB for material over 0.100 in. in 13.1 Thetemperatureofthegamma-to-alphatransformation
thickness when determined in accordance with Test Methods shall be below−78.5°C when the material is tested in accor-
E18.SeealsoTestMethodE92forVickersHardnessandTable dance with Section 14. However, for material whose smallest
3, E140 for the appropriate conversion between various hard-
ness scales.
TABLE 4 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion
8.2 Rolled and Annealed Tempers—Hardness tests when
Average Linear Coefficient
A
properlyappliedcanbeindicativeoftensilestrength.Hardness
Temperature Range, °C of Thermal Expansion,
µm/m·°C
scales and ranges for these tempers, if desirable, shall be
30 to 400 4.60 to 5.20
negotiated between supplier and purchaser.
30 to 450 5.10 to 5.50
A
Typical thermal expansion data for the alloy covered by these specifications
9. Tensile Strength
are provided in Appendix X1.
9.1 Sheet and Strip:
F15−04 (2009)
dimension is over ⁄8 in. (22.2 mm), some localized transfor- Table 6, and Table 7.
mation, acceptable to the purchaser, may be tolerated.
15.2 Round Wire and Rod—Wire and rod shall conform to
NOTE 4—Lower transformation temperatures, ranging to as low as
the permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 8.
−196°C, may be negotiated between supplier and purchaser. The −196°C
transformation temperature corresponds to immersing a sample (prepared
15.3 Cold-Drawn Tubing—Cold-drawntubing,availableei-
according to 14.1) in liquid nitrogen for a minimum of 1 h.
ther as seamless or welded, shall conform to the permissible
variations prescribed in Table 9.
14. Test for Transformation
14.1 Cut the specimen from any part of the material, but
16. General Requirements
preferably including the entire cross section, degrease it, then
16.1 Thematerialshallbecommerciallysmooth,uniformin
heat treat it as described in 12.1. When cool, polish the cross
cross section, in composition, and in temper; it shall be free of
sectionofthespecimenandetch(Note5)itinaccordancewith
scale, corrosion, cracks, seams, scratches, slivers, and other
Method E3. Then subject the specimen to the temperature
defects as best commercial practice will permit.
produced by an excess of dry ice in acetone (−78.5°C) for at
least 4 h. After the low-temperature treatment, examine the
17. Packaging and Marking
specimen at a mangification of 150× for the presence of the
17.1 Packaging shall be subject to agreement between the
acicular crystals characteristic of the alpha phase. Because
purchaser and the seller.
thesecrystalsmayoccuronlyinsmalllocalizedareas,examine
carefully the entire polished cross section.
17.2 The material as furnished under this specification shall
beidentifiedbythenameorsymbolofthemanufacturerandby
14.2 Specimens that show no transformation and that show
melt number.The lot size for determining compliance with the
partial transformation are illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,
requirements of this specification shall be one heat.
respectively.
NOTE 5—Asuggested etchant is a solution of three parts by volume of
18. Investigation of Claims
concentrated hydrochloric acid and one part of concentrated nitric acid
18.1 Where any material fails to meet the requirements of
saturated with cupric chloride (CuCl ·2H O). This etchant is more
2 2
effective when allowed to stand for 20 min after mixing. After several
thisspecification,thematerialsodesignatedshallbehandledin
hours it loses its strength and should be discarded at the end of the day.
accordance with a mutual agreement between the purchaser
Etching is best accomplished by swabbing the specimen with cotton
and the seller.
soaked with the etchant. Etching is usually complete when the surface of
the metal appears to have turned dull.
19. Keywords
15. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
19.1 controlled expansion alloy; glass to metal sealing;
15.1 Cold-Rolled Strip—Cold-rolled strip shall conform to iron-nickel-cobalt alloy; UNS #K94610; vacuum electronic
the permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 5, applications
TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Thickness of Cold-Rolled Strip
NOTE 1— Measurement shall be made at least ⁄8 in. (9.5 mm) from the edge of strip over 1 in. (25.4 mm) wide.
Permissible Variations in Thickness for Width Given, ± in. (mm)
Specified Thickness, in. (mm)
Under 3 (76) Over 3 to 6 (76 to 152) Over 6 to 12 (152 to 305) Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406)
0.160 to 0.100 (4.06 to 2.54), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102) 0.004 (0.102)
0.099 to 0.069 (2.51 to 1.75), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102)
0.068 to 0.050 (1.73 to 1.27), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076)
0.049 to 0.035 (1.24 to 0.89), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076)
0.034 to 0.029 (0.86 to 0.74), incl 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.0025 (0.064)
0.028 to 0.026 (0.71 to 0.66), incl 0.0015 (0.038) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.002 (0.051)
0.025 to 0.020 (0.64 to 0.51), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.002 (0.051)
0.019 to 0.017 (0.48 to 0.43), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051)
0.016 to 0.012 (0.41 to 0.31), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.0015 (0.038)
0.011 to 0.0101 (0.28 to 0.26), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038)
0.010 to 0.0091 (0.25 to 0.23), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025)
0.009 to 0.006 (0.23 to 0.15), incl 0.00075 (0.019) 0.00075 (0.019) . .
Under 0.006 (0.15) 0.0005 (0.013) 0.0005 (0.013) . .
F15−04 (2009)
TABLE 6 Permissible Variations in Thickness Across Width of Strip
Maximum Variation in Thickness Across Width of Strip, Within Those Provided for in
Specified Thickness
Table 4 for Edge Measurements for Widths and Thicknesses Given, in. (mm)
Over 12 to 24 (300 to
5 (127) and Under Over 5 to 12 (127 to 300)
in. mm 600), incl
in. mm in. mm in. mm
0.005 to 0.010, incl 0.17 to 0.03, incl 0.00075 0.0191 0.001 0.025 0.0015 0.038
Over 0.010 to 0.025, incl 0.03 to 0.06, incl 0.001 0.025 0.0015 0.038 0.002 0.051
Over 0.025 to 0.065, incl 0.06 to 0.16, incl 0.0015 0.038 0.002 0.051 0.0025 0.064
Over 0.065 to ⁄16 , excl 0.16 to 0.48, excl 0.002 0.051 0.0025 0.064 0.003 0.076
TABLE 7 Permissible Variations in Width of Cold-Rolled Strip Supplied in Coils
Permissible Variations in Width for Widths Given, ± in. (mm)
Specified Thickness, in. (mm) 1 3 1 15
Under ⁄2 to ⁄16 ⁄2to6(12.7to Over 6 to 9 (152 Over 9 to 12 (229 Over 12 to 20 Over 20 to 23 ⁄16
(12.7to4.8) 152) to 229) to 305) (305 to 508) (508 to 608)
0.187 to 0.161 (4.75 to 4.09) . 0.016 (0.41) 0.020 (0.51) 0.020 (0.51) 0.031 (0.79) 0.031 (0.79)
0.160 to 0.100 (4.06 to 2.54) 0.010 (0.25) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.41) 0.016 (0.41) 0.020 (0.51) 0.020 (0.51)
0.099 to 0.069 (2.51 to 1.75) 0.008 (0.20) 0.008 (0.20) 0.010 (0.25) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.41) 0.020 (0.51)
0.068 (1.73) and under 0.005 (0.13) 0.
...
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