ASTM F1684-06(2021)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low Thermal Expansion Applications
Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low Thermal Expansion Applications
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements and corresponding test methods for two iron-nickel alloys and one iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, for low thermal expansion applications. The two iron-nickel alloys, which both contain nominally 36 % nickel and 64 % iron, are the conventional alloy designated as UNS No. K93603 and the free-machining alloy designated as UNS No. K93050. On the other hand, the iron-nickel-cobalt alloy contains nominally 32 % nickel, 5 % cobalt and 63 % iron, and is designated as UNS No. K93500. UNS No. K93603 and UNS No. K93500 shall be in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet plate, and tubing, while UNS No. K93050 shall be for bar products only. When test, the alloys shall comply to specified requirements for chemical composition, surface finish, temper, grain size, hardness, tensile strength, thermal expansion, transformation, and dimensions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel alloys and one iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, for low thermal expansion applications. The two iron-nickel alloys, both containing nominally 36 % nickel and 64 % iron, with the conventional alloy designated by UNS No. K93603, and the free-machining alloy designated as UNS No. K93050. The iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, containing nominally 32 % nickel, 5 % cobalt and 63 % iron, is designated by UNS No. K93500. This specification defines the following product forms for UNS No. K93603 and UNS No. K93500: wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet plate, and tubing. The free-machining alloy, UNS No. K93050, is defined for bar products only. Unless otherwise indicated, all articles apply to all three alloys.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This pertains only to the test method section, Section 13. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F1684 −06 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Iron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low Thermal
Expansion Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel alloys and one 2.1 ASTM Standards:
iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, for low thermal expansion applica- D1971Practices for Digestion of Water Samples for Deter-
tions. The two iron-nickel alloys, both containing nominally minationofMetalsbyFlameAtomicAbsorption,Graphite
Furnace Atomic Absorption, Plasma Emission
36% nickel and 64% iron, with the conventional alloy
Spectroscopy, or Plasma Mass Spectrometry
designated by UNS No. K93603, and the free-machining alloy
E8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
designated as UNS No. K93050. The iron-nickel-cobalt alloy,
[Metric] E0008_E0008M
containingnominally32%nickel,5%cobaltand63%iron,is
E10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
designated by UNS No. K93500.This specification defines the
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
following product forms for UNS No. K93603 and UNS No.
terials
K93500: wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet plate, and tubing. The
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
free-machining alloy, UNS No. K93050, is defined for bar
Determine Conformance with Specifications
products only. Unless otherwise indicated, all articles apply to
E45Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
all three alloys.
Steel
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E92Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hard-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
ness of Metallic Materials
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
E112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
and are not considered standard.
E140Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship
Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell
1.3 Thispertainsonlytothetestmethodsection,Section13.
Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
scope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
E228Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-
E354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-
cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Temperature,Electrical,Magnetic,andOtherSimilarIron,
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
E1019Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Alloys by Various Combustion and Inert Gas Fusion
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Techniques
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
E1601Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on
Electronicsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on Metallic
Materials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2021. Published March 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F1684–06 (2016). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/F1684-06R21. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1684−06 (2021)
3. Ordering Information bright anneal or anneal and descale by the manufacturer, and
supplied in the annealed temper.
3.1 Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshallinclude
the following information: 6.3 Strip and Sheet— (UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500
3.1.1 Alloy, as indicated with UNS number, only)Theseformsshallbesuppliedinoneofthetempersgiven
3.1.2 Size, in Table 2 or in deep-drawing temper, as specified.
3.1.3 Temper designation (Section 6),
6.4 Wire and Rod—These forms shall be supplied in one of
3.1.4 Surface finish (Section 10),
the tempers given in Table 3 as specified. Unless otherwise
3.1.5 Marking and packaging (Section 18), and
specified, the material shall be bright annealed and supplied in
3.1.6 Certification, if required.
Temper A (annealed).
NOTE 1—Certification should include traceability of the heat to the
6.5 Rod—(UNS K93050 only) For Temper D (unannealed)
original manufacturer.
material, in rod sizes greater than ⁄2 in. diameter, the mid-
radius Brinell Hardness shall be 235 maximum. Consult Test
4. Chemical Requirements
Method E10 for Brinell Hardness test procedures.
4.1 Each alloy shall conform to the requirements as to
6.6 Plate—Plate will be supplied in annealed temper. The
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
propertiesforUNSK93603andUNSK93500willbeasshown
NOTE 2—Lower levels of phosphorus and sulfur may be required for
in Table 4.
certain welding applications. These lower levels shall be negotiated, as
6.7 For rod forms, air anneal, followed by centerless grind-
needed,betweenthevendoranduser.Weldingofthefree-machiningalloy
(UNS No. K93050) is generally not recommended.
ing to remove scale, is an acceptable alternate.
5. Surface Lubricants
7. Grain Size
5.1 All lubricants used during cold-working operations, 7.1 (UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500 only) Strip and
such as drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of being
sheet for deep drawing shall have an average grain size not
removed readily by any of the common organic degreasing larger than ASTM No. 5 (Note 3), and no more than 10% of
solvents.
the grains shall be larger than No. 5 when measured in
accordance with Test Methods E112.
6. Temper
NOTE 3—This corresponds to a grain size of 0.065 mm, or 16
6.1 The desired temper of the material shall be specified in
grains/in. of image at 100×.
the purchase order.
7.2 Finer grain sizes for deep drawing quality shall be
6.2 Tube—(UNSNo.K93603andNo.K93500only)Unless negotiated between user and supplier.
otherwise agreed upon between the supplier or manufacturer
8. Hardness
and the purchaser, these forms shall be given either a final
8.1 Deep-Drawing Temper—(UNS No. K93603 and No.
K93500 only) For deep drawing, the hardness shall not exceed
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
157VickersHardnessformaterial0.100in.(2.54mm)andless
in thickness and 85 HRB for material over 0.100 in. in
NOTE 1—Round observed or calculated values to the nearest unit in the
thickness. The Vickers Hardness test shall be determined in
last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in
accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
accordance with Test Method E92, while the Rockwell Hard-
UNS No. UNS No. UNS No. ness test shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods
Element
K93603 K93050 K93500
E18.
A A A
Iron, nominal remainder remainder remainder
A A A
NOTE 4—For hardness conversions, use Table 3 of Standard E140.
Nickel, nominal 36 36 32
A
Cobalt, max 0.50 0.50 5
8.2 Rolled and Annealed Tempers—Hardness tests when
Manganese, max 0.60 1.00 0.60
properlyappliedcanbeindicativeoftensilestrength.Hardness
Silicon, max 0.40 0.35 0.25
Carbon, max 0.05 0.15 0.05
scales and ranges for these tempers, if desirable, shall be
B C B
Aluminum, max 0.10 . 0.10
B C B negotiated between supplier and purchaser.
Magnesium, max 0.10 . 0.10
B C B
Zirconium, max 0.10 . 0.10
B C B
9. Tensile Strength
Titanium, max 0.10 . 0.10
Chromium, max 0.25 0.25 0.25
9.1 Strip and Sheet: (UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500
Selenium . 0.15 to 0.30 .
D D
Phosphorus, max 0.015 0.020 0.015 only)
D D
Sulfur, max 0.015 0.020 0.015
A
For UNS No. K93603 and K93050, the iron, and nickel requirements are
TABLE 2 Tensile Strength Requirements for Strip and Sheet
nominal, while for UNS No. K93500, the iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements are
nominal. These levels may be adjusted by the manufacturer to meet the require- Tensile Strength ksi (MPa)
Temper Temper
UNS No. K93603 UNS No. K93500
ments for the coefficient of thermal expansion as specified in 12.1.
Designation Name
B
The total of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and zirconium shall not exceed (Nominal Values)
A anealed 85 max (586 max) 85 max (586 max)
0.20 %.
C
These elements are not measured for this alloy. B ⁄2 hard 86 min (593) 86 min (593)
D
C hard 105 min (724) 105 min (724)
The total of phosphorus and sulfur shall not exceed 0.025 %.
F1684−06 (2021)
TABLE 3 Tensile Strength Requirements for Wire and Rod
12. Thermal Expansion Characteristics
NOTE 1—The tensile strength limits for Temper D apply only to
12.1 The average linear coefficients of thermal expansion
material ⁄2 in. diameter and under. Consult 6.5 for hardness limits which
shall be within the limits specified in Table 5. For UNS No.
apply to larger rod sizes.
K93050, the supplier is requested to supply data over the
Tensile Strength ksi (MPa)
temperature range 30 to 150°C. Nonmandatory thermal expan-
Temper Des- Temper
UNS No. UNS No. UNS No.
ignation Name
sion data are found in the Appendix X1 – Appendix X3.
K93603 K93050 K93500
A Annealed 85 max 85 max 85 max
12.2 Typical thermal expansion data, thermal expansion
(586 max) (586 max) (586 max)
B Cold worked 86 min 86 min 86 min data for annealed material to higher temperatures, and for the
(593 min) (593 min) (593 min)
three-step anneal used for UNS K93600, are contained in
D Unannealed . . . 111 max .
Appendix X1 – Appendix X3.
(765 max)
13. Test for Thermal Expansion
TABLE 4 Room Temperature Tensile Strength Requirements for
13.1 UNS No. K93603— Heat the specimen in a non-
Plate (UNS K93603 and K93500) Products
oxidizing atmosphere for a minimum of1hat8756 25°C.
0.2 % Yield Strength 33.33 ksi (230 MPa) min – 50.7 ksi (350 MPa) max Cool at a rate not to exceed 300°C/h.
Tensile Strength 58 ksi (400 MPa) min – 72.5 ksi (500 MPa) max
13.2 UNS No. K93050— Heat the specimen in a non-
Hardness Rockwell B60 min – 85 max
oxidizingatmosphereforaminimumof15minat815 625°C.
Air cool.
13.3 UNS No. K93500— (1) Heat the specimen in a non-
oxidizing atmosphere for a minimum of1hat845 6 25°C.
9.1.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance or
Water quench. ( 2) Heat the specimen for a minimum of1hat
rejection for the tempers given in Table 2 and shall conform
315 615°C.Aircool.(3)Heatthespecimenforaminimumof
with the requirements prescribed, unless alternative mechani-
24hat95 6 10°C. Air cool.
cal properties (for example, ductility) and limits are negotiated
between user and supplier.
NOTE 5—(Applies to 13.1 – 13.3): Alternative thermal treatments and
9.1.2 Tension test specimens shall be taken so the longitu-
resulting values of thermal coefficient of expansion may be negotiated
dinalaxisisparalleltothedirectionofrolling,andthetestshall between the supplier and purchaser.
be performed in accordance with Test Methods E8.
13.4 Determine the thermal expansion characteristics in
accordance with Test Method E228.
9.2 Wire and Rod:
9.2.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance or
14. Transformation in UNS No. K93500 Alloy
rejection for the tempers given in Table 3 and shall conform to
14.1 Because its nominal 5 wt % addition of cobalt, UNS
the requirements prescribed, unless alternative mechanical
No.K93500Alloyismetastableattemperatureslessthanroom
properties (for example, ductility) and limits are negotiated
temperature. If needed, specific minimum transformation tem-
between user and supplier.
peratures may be negotiated between purchaser and supplier.
9.2.2 The test shall be performed in accordance with Test
Methods E8.
15. Chemical Analysis
10. Surface Finish 15.1 Thissectiondescribesthechemicalanalysistechniques
tobeusedincaseofdispute.Whereverapplicable,theanalysis
10.1 The standard surface finishes available shall be those
procedures described in Practices D1971, Test Methods E354,
resulting from the following operations:
E1019 and Practice E1601 should be utilized.
10.1.1 Hot rolling,
10.1.2 Forging, 15.2 Carbon, Sulfur— Combustion method.
10.1.3 Centerless grinding (rod),
15.3 Aluminum, Chromium, Magnesium—Atomic absorp-
10.1.4 Belt polishing,
tion method.
10.1.5 Cold rolling,
15.4 All Other Elements Shown in Table 1 (Excluding Iron,
10.1.6 Wire and rod drawing,
Nickel, and Cobalt)—Atomic absorption, optical emission or
10.1.7 Annealed and descaled, and
inductively coupled plasma (ICP or ICAP) methods.
10.1.8 Bright annealed.
NOTE 6—The iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements are nominal (see
11. Inclusion Content Table 1).
11.1 Wire, Rod, Bar, Strip and Sheet Plate—(UNS No.
TABLE 5 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion
K93603 and No. K93500 only) These product forms shall be
Average Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion,
freeofinclusions,cracks,blowholes,andotherdefectsthatare
µm/m·°C
detrimental to the quality of subsequent product. Temperature Range,° C
UNS No. UNS No. UNS No.
K93603 K93050 K93500
11.2 Inclusion ratings for certain applications (for example,
30 to 150 1.2 to 2.7 . .
deep drawing) shall be negotiated between user and supplier.
−18 to 93 . . 0.9 max
Rating criteria shall be based on Test Methods E45.
F1684−06 (2021)
16. Dimensions and Permissible Variations cracks, seams, scratches, slivers, and other defects as best
commercial practice will permit.
16.1 Cold-Rolled Strip—(UNS No. K93603 and No.
K93500 only) Cold-rolled strip shall conform to the permis-
18. Packaging and Package Marking
sible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 6, Table 7,
18.1 Packaging shall be subject to agreement between the
and Table 8.
purchaser and the seller.
16.2 Round Wire and Rod—Wire and rod shall conform to
18.2 The material as furnished under this specification shall
the permissible variations in dimensions prescri
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