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ASTM D5765-05(2010)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Solvent Extraction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Soils and Sediments Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating

Standard Practice for Solvent Extraction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Soils and Sediments Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Solvent extraction of soils and sediments can provide information on the availability of petroleum hydrocarbons to leaching, water quality changes, or other site conditions.
Rapid heating, in combination with temperatures in excess of the atmospheric boiling point of acetone/hexane, reduces sample preparation or extraction times.
Reduced amounts of solvents are required and solvent loss due to boiling and evaporation are eliminated by use of closed extraction vessels.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the solvent extraction of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from soils and sediments, using closed vessel microwave heating, for subsequent determination by gravimetric or gas chromatographic techniques.
1.2 This practice is recommended only for solid samples that can pass through a ten mesh screen (approximately 2 mm openings).
1.3 The solvent extract obtained by this practice may be analyzed for total or specific nonvolatile and semivolatile petroleum hydrocarbons but may require sample clean-up procedures prior to specific compound analysis.
1.4 This practice is limited to solvents that are recommended for use in microwave solvent extraction systems.
1.5 The values stated in pounds per square inch (psi) are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jun-2010
ICS
13.080.10 - Chemical characteristics of soils
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.07 - Sediments, Geomorphology, and Open-Channel Flow
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5765-05 - Standard Practice for Solvent Extraction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Soils and Sediments Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010
Replaced By
ASTM D5765-16 - Standard Practice for Solvent Extraction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Soils and Sediments Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
Referred By
ASTM D7876-13(2018) - Standard Practice for Practice for Sample Decomposition Using Microwave Heating (With or Without Prior Ashing) for Atomic Spectroscopic Elemental Determination in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010

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ASTM D5765-05(2010) - Standard Practice for Solvent Extraction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Soils and Sediments Using Closed Vessel Microwave HeatingASTM D5765-05(2010) - Standard Practice for Solvent Extraction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Soils and Sediments Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating
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ASTM D5765-05(2010) - Standard Practice for Solvent Extraction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Soils and Sediments Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5765 − 05(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Practice for
Solvent Extraction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from
Soils and Sediments Using Closed Vessel Microwave
Heating
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5765; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3974 Practices for Extraction of Trace Elements from
Sediments
1.1 This practice covers the solvent extraction of total
D3976 Practice for Preparation of Sediment Samples for
petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from soils and sediments, using
Chemical Analysis
closedvesselmicrowaveheating,forsubsequentdetermination
D5368 Test Methods for Gravimetric Determination ofTotal
by gravimetric or gas chromatographic techniques.
Solvent Extractable Content (TSEC) of Solid Waste
1.2 This practice is recommended only for solid samples
Samples
that can pass through a ten mesh screen (approximately 2 mm
2.2 Federal Standard:
openings).
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Part 1030, and Title
1.3 The solvent extract obtained by this practice may be
47, Part 18
analyzed for total or specific nonvolatile and semivolatile
3. Summary of Practice
petroleum hydrocarbons but may require sample clean-up
procedures prior to specific compound analysis.
3.1 The chemical portion of this practice involves solvent
extraction to dissociate petroleum hydrocarbons from the
1.4 This practice is limited to solvents that are recom-
mended for use in microwave solvent extraction systems. matrix.
3.2 The sample is extracted with acetone/hexane in a sealed
1.5 The values stated in pounds per square inch (psi) are to
be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses microwave transparent vessel using microwave heating to an
internal temperature of 150 °C.
are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 This practice provides a sample suitable for analysis by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
gas chromatography or gravimetric measurements.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
4.1 Solvent extraction of soils and sediments can provide
statements are given in Section 8.
information on the availability of petroleum hydrocarbons to
leaching, water quality changes, or other site conditions.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Rapid heating, in combination with temperatures in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
excess of the atmospheric boiling point of acetone/hexane,
D3694 Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and
reduces sample preparation or extraction times.
for Preservation of Organic Constituents
4.3 Reduced amounts of solvents are required and solvent
D3856 Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories
loss due to boiling and evaporation are eliminated by use of
Engaged in Analysis of Water
closed extraction vessels.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
5. Interferences
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology,
and Open-Channel Flow.
5.1 No interferences to the extraction of soils and sediments
Current edition approved June 15, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally
using microwave heating have been observed.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5765 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/D5765-05R10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
the ASTM website. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5765 − 05 (2010)
TABLE 1 Extraction Heating Parameters
5.2 Precautions should be exercised to avoid those interfer-
ences normally associated with the final determination of total Microwave power 100 %
Vessels pressure 200 psi
petroleum hydrocarbons using gas chromatography or gravi-
Vessels temperature 150 °C
metric techniques.
Heating time at 150°C 15 min
6. Apparatus
6.1 Microwave Heating System—A laboratory microwave
heating system capable of delivering a minimum of 900 W of
7.2 Acetone, HPLC grade.
microwave energy. The system should be capable of 1 %
power adjustments and 1 s time adjustment. The microwave
7.3 Hexane, HPLC grade.
cavity should be constructed so as to prevent any possible
7.4 Sodium Sulfate—Reagent grade, granular, anhydrous,
metal to metal arcing from occurring within the cavity. The
prepared by heating at 400°C for a minimum of 4 h.
oven cavity should be equipped with an exhaust ventilation
7.5 Ashless Filter Paper.
sufficient to provide ten chamber exchanges per minute. The
ventilation exhaust should contain a solvent sensor capable of
8. Hazards
detecting solvent concentrations below their lower explosive
limits and shutting the microwave source off. The cavity shall
8.1 Themicrowavesystemshallbeoperatedandmaintained
have a 360° oscillating turntable to ensure even sample
in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommended safety
heating, and be capable of monitoring and control of solvent
precautions.
temperature using either an in-situ control vessel or by external
8.2 The extract
...

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ASTM
ASTM G51-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring pH of Soil for Use in Corrosion Evaluations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Information on pH of soil is used as an aid in evaluating the corrosivity of a soil environment. Some metals are more sensitive to the pH of their environment than others, and information on the stability of a metal as a function of pH and potential is available in the literature.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the pH of a soil in corrosion evaluations. The principle use of the test is to supplement soil resistivity measurements and thereby identify conditions under which the corrosion of metals in soil may be accentuated (see G57 – 78 (2012)).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8459-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Detecting Water Soluble Sulfates in Construction Soils

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Where sulfates are suspected, subgrade soils should be tested as an integral part of a geotechnical evaluation because the possibility that sulfate induced heave may occur if calcium containing stabilizers are used to improve the soils and sulfate reactions may also cause deterioration in concrete structures. When planning to treat a soil used in construction with lime, testing the soil for water soluble sulfates prior to treatment becomes very important (Note 2).  
5.2 When sulfate containing cohesive soils are treated with calcium-based stabilizers for foundation improvements, sulfates and free alumina in natural soils react with calcium and free hydroxide to form crystalline minerals, such as ettringite and thaumasite.4 Thaumasite forms when ettringite undergoes changes in the presence of carbonates at low temperatures.5 The sulfate minerals expand considerably when they are hydrated.
Note 2: For more information on the effect of treating soils containing water soluble sulfates, refer to the following publication: Little, D.N., Stabilization of Pavement Subgrades and Base Course with Lime, Kendal/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, IA, 1995.
Note 3: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These methods determine the water soluble sulfate content of cohesive soils used in construction by using the colorimetric technique. Two methods are presented in this standard. Method A is for use in the field and Method B is for use in the laboratory. The colorimetric technique involves measuring the scattering of a light beam through a solution that contains suspended particulate matter. Measurements of sulfate concentrations in construction soils can be used to guide professionals in the selection of appropriate stabilization methods and to assist in assessment of potential deterioration in concrete structures.
Note 1: These test methods are partially based on the research conducted by Texas A & M University.  
1.2 The field method, Method A, is used as a screening test for the presence of sulfates and their concentration. The laboratory method, Method B, provides better resolution than the field method.  
1.3 Ion chromatography is also an acceptable alternative method that can be used to evaluate results, however, it is outside the scope of this standard.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropri...

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