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ASTM D7274-06a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Mineral Stabilizer Content of Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)

Standard Test Method for Mineral Stabilizer Content of Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Bituminous geomembranes, whether made from oxidized or polymer-modified bitumen, may contain a significant amount of mineral stabilizer. The amount of mineral stabilizer used in a bituminous geomembrane has an effect on several physical properties, including but not limited to cold temperature, flexibility, and asphalt penetration (see Guide D 6455 for a list of BGM properites).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the determination of mineral stabilizer content in prefabricated bituminous geomembranes (BGM) by calcination.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Nov-2006
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7274-06 - Standard Test Method for Mineral Stabilizer Content of Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
Effective Date
15-Nov-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D7274-06a(2011) - Standard Test Method for Mineral Stabilizer Content of Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6455-11(2018) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (PBGMs)
Effective Date
15-Nov-2006

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ASTM D7274-06a - Standard Test Method for Mineral Stabilizer Content of Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)ASTM D7274-06a - Standard Test Method for Mineral Stabilizer Content of Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
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ASTM D7274-06a - Standard Test Method for Mineral Stabilizer Content of Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7274–06a
Standard Test Method for
Mineral Stabilizer Content of Prefabricated Bituminous
1
Geomembranes (BGM)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7274; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the determi- 4.1 Bituminous geomembranes, whether made from oxi-
nation of mineral stabilizer content in prefabricated bituminous dized or polymer-modified bitumen, may contain a significant
geomembranes (BGM) by calcination. amount of mineral stabilizer. The amount of mineral stabilizer
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the used in a bituminous geomembrane has an effect on several
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information physical properties, including but not limited to cold tempera-
only. ture, flexibility, and asphalt penetration (see Guide D6455 for
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the a list of BGM properites).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3
5.1 Porcelain Crucible,30cm capacity, or equivalent.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.2 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to within
6 0.001 g.
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Bunsen Burner.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.4 Muffle Furnace, capable of maintaining a temperature of
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing 600 6 25°C (1110 6 45°F).
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
6. Hazards
D6455 Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Prefab-
ricated Bituminous Geomembranes (PBGM) 6.1 Calcination of BGM involves the use of open flame and
will produce black smoke. This procedure should be carried
3. Terminology
out under a fume hood, away from any flammable material.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
7. Sampling and Conditioning
3.1.1 prefabricated bituminous geomembrane (BGM), n—a
7.1 Sampling shall be conducted according to Practice
material fabricated in a plant and consisting principally of
non-woven polyester textile, impregnated by a blend of oxi- D4354.
7.2 Remove any surface material from the sample at the
dized or polymer-modified bitumen incorporating filler.
3.1.2 mineral stabilizer, n—a fine, water-insoluble inor- location where the test specimen will be taken. This operation
will be easier when location is chosen on the side of the BGM
ganic material, used in admixture with solid or semisolid
bituminous materials. with film surfacing or on the film-covered lap. In that case, the
BGM may be cooled to about –30°C for 2 hours and the film
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
refer to Terminology D4439. may be peeled off.
7.3 Using a hot spatula or knife, sample 5 6 1 g of bitumen
from the BGM, taking care of not scraping down to the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
reinforcing geotextile.
GeosyntheticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD35.10onGeomem-
...

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5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.  
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7747/D7747M-11(2023)(Test Method)
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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
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1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
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1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
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1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
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1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
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ASTM D6992-16(2023)(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in reinforcement applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
5.4 Creep-rupture test data are used to develop a regression line relating creep stress to rupture time. These results predict the long-term rupture strength expected for geosynthetics in reinforcement applications.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
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1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM D7106/D7106M-05(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides guidance to obtain data that is the most representative of the material’s characteristics and performance. To properly evaluate EPDM, tests should be performed in accordance with specific test methods and procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) geomembranes used in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications.  
1.2 This guide includes test methods for three different types of EPDM geomembranes including: scrim-reinforced membranes, composite membranes, and smooth, nonreinforced membranes.  
1.3 The test methods are divided into three categories including manufacturing quality control, optional performance tests, and seam testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
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