ASTM A451/A451M-14
(Specification)Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for centrifugally cast austenitic alloy steel pipe for use in high-temperature, corrosive, or nuclear pressure service. The pipe shall receive a heat treatment at the required temperature and holding time followed by quenching in water or rapid cool by other means. The pipe shall be machined on the inner and outer surfaces and shall conform to specified roughness value. Heat and product analysis shall be done to determine the chemical composition and shall conform to the required carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, and nitrogen contents. Hydrostatic and tension tests shall be performed and shall conform to the required tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers austenitic alloy steel pipe for use in high-temperature, corrosive, or nuclear pressure service.
1.2 Several grades of austenitic stainless steel are covered as indicated in Table 1. (A) Where ellipses (...) appear in this table there is no requirement, and the element need not be analyzed or reported.(B) Grades CPF10MC and CPF8C may have a columbium plus tantalum content maximum of 1.35 %.(C) No designation as yet assigned by ASTM International or Steel Founders' Society of America.(D) By agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the carbon content of Grade CPH20 may be restricted to 0.10 % max. When so agreed, the grade designation shall be CPH10.
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided when additional testing may be required.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: This specification is not intended to cover centrifugal pipe made from alloys containing more than 0.20 % carbon, such as are covered by Specification A297/A297M.
1.4.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
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Designation:A451/A451M −14
Standard Specification for
Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-
1
Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA451/A451M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
1. Scope* E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2-in.
2 (50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
1.1 This specification covers austenitic alloy steel pipe for
1
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to 12-
use in high-temperature, corrosive, or nuclear pressure service.
in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings
1.2 Severalgradesofausteniticstainlesssteelarecoveredas
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.
indicated in Table 1.
(50.8 mm) in Thickness
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided 2.2 ANSI Standard:
4
when additional testing may be required. B46.1 Surface Texture
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3. Ordering Information
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
following, as required, to describe the desired material ad-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
equately:
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, meters, or number of lengths),
with the standard.
3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast pipe),
NOTE 1—This specification is not intended to cover centrifugal pipe
3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),
made from alloys containing more than 0.20 % carbon, such as are
3.1.4 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wall
covered by Specification A297/A297M.
thickness in inches or millimeters),
1.4.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
3.1.5 Length (specific or random, Specification A999/
A999M),
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.6 End Finish of Specification A999/A999M,
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.7 Optional Requirements (9.4 and Supplementary Re-
A297/A297M Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-
quirements S1 through S7),
Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant,
3.1.8 Test Report Required (Section 14), and
for General Application
3.1.9 Special Requirements or Additions to Specification.
A999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for
Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
4. Materials and Manufacture
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
4.1 Heat-Treatment—The pipe shall receive a heat-
Determine Conformance with Specifications
treatment at the temperature and time specified in Table 2,
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
followed by a quench in water or rapid cool by other means.
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General
4.2 Machining—The pipe shall be machined on the inner
Industry
and outer surfaces to a roughness value no greater than
250-µin. [6.35-µm] arithmetical average deviation (AA) from
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
the mean line, as defined in American National Standard
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B46.1.
A01.18 on Castings.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally
5. Chemical Analysis
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A451/
A451M – 06(2010). DOI: 10.1520/A0451_A0451M-14.
5.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall be made
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related specifica-
by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of elements
tion SA-451 in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A451/A451M−14
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, % (max. except where range or minimum is given)
Grade Car- Man- Phos- Sul- Sili- Tan-
Molybde-
(UNS bon ga- pho- fur con Nickel Chromium Columbium ta- Nitrogen
num
Number) nese rus lum
CPF3 0.03 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.0–12.0 17.0–21.0 . . . .
(J92500)
CPF3A 0.03 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.0–12.0 17.0–21.0 .
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A451/A451M − 06 (Reapproved 2010) A451/A451M − 14
Standard Specification for
Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-
1
Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A451/A451M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This specification covers austenitic alloy steel pipe for use in high-temperature, corrosive, or nuclear pressure service.
1.2 Several grades of austenitic stainless steel are covered as indicated in Table 1.
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided when additional testing may be required.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-poundSI units or SIinch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the
text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system aremay not exactly be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system mustshall be used independently of eachthe other. Combining values from the two systems may result in
nonconformancenon-conformance with the specification.standard.
NOTE 1—This specification is not intended to cover centrifugal pipe made from alloys containing more than 0.20 % carbon, such as are covered by
Specification A297/A297M.
1.4.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A297/A297M Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General
Application
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
1
E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2-in. (50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
1
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to 12-in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in Thickness
2.2 ANSI Standard:
4
B46.1 Surface Texture
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the following, as required, to describe the desired material adequately:
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres,meters, or number of lengths),
3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast pipe),
3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),
3.1.4 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wall thickness in inches or millimetres),millimeters),
3.1.5 Length (specific or random, Specification A999/A999M),
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2014. Published December 2010 December 2014. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20062010
as A451/A451M – 06.A451/A451M – 06(2010). DOI: 10.1520/A0451_A0451M-06R10.10.1520/A0451_A0451M-14.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related specification SA-451 in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A451/A451M − 14
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Car- Man- Phos- Sul- Sili- Tan-
Grade bon, ga- pho- fur, con, Molybde- ta-
Nickel Chromium Columbium Nitrogen
max nese, rus, max max num lum,
max max max
CPF3 0.03 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.0–12.0 17.0–21.0 . . . .
CPF3A 0.03 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.0–12.0 17.0–21.0 . . . .
CPF8 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.0–11.0 18.0–21.0 . . . .
CPF8A 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.0–11.0 18.0–21.0 . . . .
CPF3M 0.03 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 9.0–13.0 17.0–21.0 2.0–3.0 . . .
CPF8M 0.08 1.50
...
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