ASTM C1608-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Chemical Shrinkage of Hydraulic Cement Paste
Standard Test Method for Chemical Shrinkage of Hydraulic Cement Paste
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Numerous properties of cementitious materials are controlled by their initial hydration rate. Examples include early-age strength development, heat release, and crack resistance. One direct and convenient measure of this initial hydration rate is provided by the measurement of the chemical shrinkage of the cement paste during its hydration. As cement hydrates, the hydration products occupy less volume than the initial reacting materials (cement and water). Due to this volume change, a hydrating cement paste will sorb water from its immediate surroundings, when available. At early times, this sorption is in direct proportion to the amount of hydration that has occurred.4 This method is based on the one developed by Geiker.5 The results are relevant to understanding the hydration behavior of cements. This method does not measure the bulk volume changes (autogenous shrinkage) associated with chemical shrinkage nor the cracking potential of concretes produced with the evaluated cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the internal (absolute) volume change of hydraulic cement paste that results from the hydration of the cementitious materials. This volume change is known as chemical shrinkage.
1.1.1 Procedure A, volumetric method.
1.1.2 Procedure B, the density method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning-Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: C1608 − 07
StandardTest Method for
1
Chemical Shrinkage of Hydraulic Cement Paste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1608; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method measures the internal (absolute) vol- 3.1 Definitions:
ume change of hydraulic cement paste that results from the
3.1.1 chemical shrinkage, n—the absolute (internal) vol-
hydration of the cementitious materials.This volume change is
ume change accompanying the hydration of cement, due to the
known as chemical shrinkage.
fact that the cement hydration products occupy less physical
1.1.1 Procedure A, volumetric method.
volume than the reactants.
1.1.2 Procedure B, the density method.
3.1.2 All other terms are as defined in Terminology C219.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Numerous properties of cementitious materials are con-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
trolled by their initial hydration rate. Examples include early-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
age strength development, heat release, and crack resistance.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
One direct and convenient measure of this initial hydration rate
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
is provided by the measurement of the chemical shrinkage of
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
the cement paste during its hydration.As cement hydrates, the
2
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
hydration products occupy less volume than the initial reacting
materials (cement and water). Due to this volume change, a
2. Referenced Documents
hydrating cement paste will sorb water from its immediate
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
surroundings, when available.At early times, this sorption is in
4
C186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic
directproportiontotheamountofhydrationthathasoccurred.
Cement 5
This method is based on the one developed by Geiker. The
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
results are relevant to understanding the hydration behavior of
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
cements. This method does not measure the bulk volume
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
changes (autogenous shrinkage) associated with chemical
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
shrinkage nor the cracking potential of concretes produced
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
with the evaluated cement.
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
5. Apparatus
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
5.1 Devices for Determining Mass, conforming to the re-
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
quirements of Specification C1005 and evaluated for precision
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
and accuracy at a total load of 100 g.
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical
Testing of Hydraulic Cements
5.2 Constant Temperature Water Bath—a water bath ca-
pable of maintaining a temperature of 23.0 6 0.5 °C, with a
sufficient capacity to hold the specimens being evaluated. To
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.31 on Volume Change.
Current edition approved June 15, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C1608 – 06. DOI:
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10.1520/C1608-07. L.J. Parrott, M. Geiker, W.A. Gutteridge, and D. Killoh, “Monitoring Portland
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See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Cement Hydration: Comparison of Methods,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.
Standards, Vol. 04.01. 20, 919-926, 1990.
3 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or M.Geiker,“StudiesofPortlandCementHydration:MeasurementsofChemical
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Shrinkage and a Systematic Evaluation of Hydration Curves by Means of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Dispersion Model,” Ph.D. Thesis, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen,
the ASTM website. Denmark, 1983.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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