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ASTM D287-12b

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)

Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Accurate determination of the gravity of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 60°F (15.56°C).
This procedure is most suitable for determining the API gravity of low viscosity transparent liquids. This test method can also be used for viscous liquids by allowing sufficient time for the hydrometer to reach temperature equilibrium, and for opaque liquids by employing a suitable meniscus correction. Additionally for both transparent and opaque fluids the readings shall be corrected for the thermal glass expansion effect before correcting to the reference temperature.
5.3 When used in connection with bulk oil measurements, volume correction errors are minimized by observing the hydrometer reading at a temperature as close to reference temperature as feasible.
5.4 Gravity is a factor governing the quality of crude oils. However, the gravity of a petroleum product is an uncertain indication of its quality. Correlated with other properties, gravity can be used to give approximate hydrocarbon composition and heat of combustion.
5.5 Gravity is an important quality indicator for automotive, aviation and marine fuels, where it affects storage, handling and combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by means of a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations of the API gravity of crude petroleum and petroleum products normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressure (Test Method D323) of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Gravities are determined at 60°F (15.56°C), or converted to values at 60°F, by means of Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1). These tables are not applicable to nonhydrocarbons or essentially pure hydrocarbons such as the aromatics.
1.2 The initial values obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Values are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of volume correction tables.
1.3 The hydrometer readings determined shall be recorded before performing any calculations. Then the calculations required in Section 9 shall be performed and documented before using the final result in a subsequent calculation procedure (measurement ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statement, see 8.3.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2012
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.02 - Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API)
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D287-12b - Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)ASTM D287-12b - Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D287 − 12b
Standard Test Method for
API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1
(Hydrometer Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D287; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
warning statement, see 8.3.
1.1 This test method covers the determination by means of
a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations
2. Referenced Documents
of theAPI gravity of crude petroleum and petroleum products
2
normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressure
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(Test Method D323) of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less.
D323TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
Gravities are determined at 60°F (15.56°C), or converted to
(Reid Method)
values at 60°F, by means of Adjunct to D1250 Guide for
D1250Guide for Use of the Petroleum MeasurementTables
Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1).
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
These tables are not applicable to nonhydrocarbons or essen-
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
tially pure hydrocarbons such as the aromatics.
ucts by Hydrometer Method
1.2 The initial values obtained are uncorrected hydrometer
D6822Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
readings and not density measurements. Values are measured Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at
ucts by Thermohydrometer Method
another convenient temperature, and readings corrected for the
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate
E100Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
calibrationtemperatureeffectsandtothereferencetemperature
3
2.2 EI Standards:
by means of volume correction tables.
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
1.3 The hydrometer readings determined shall be recorded
IP Specifications for Petroleum Hydrometers
before performing any calculations. Then the calculations
4
2.3 API Standards:
required in Section 9 shall be performed and documented
MPMS Chapter 9.1Test Method for Density, Relative
before using the final result in a subsequent calculation
Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
procedure (measurement ticket calculation, meter factor
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method (ASTM Test
calculation, or base prover volume determination).
Method D1298)
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
MPMS Chapter 9.3Test Method for Density, Relative
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Density, andAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Petroleum Products by Thermohydrometer Method
and are not considered standard.
(ASTM Test Method D6822)
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
MPMS Chapter 11.1Temperature and PressureVolume Cor-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
rection Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Products,andLubricatingOils(AdjuncttoASTMD1250)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Petroleum Measurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
/COMQ, the joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for the ASTM website.
3
Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API). Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originally U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.
4
approved in 1928. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D287–12a. DOI: Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
10.1520/D0287-12B. Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D287 − 12b
2.4 ASTM Adjuncts: 5. Significance and
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D287–12a Designation:D287–12b
Standard Test Method for
API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1
(Hydrometer Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D287; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination by means of a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations of
the API gravity of crude petroleum and petroleum products normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressure (Test
Method D323) of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Gravities are determined at 60°F (15.56°C), or converted to values at 60°F,
by means of Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1). These tables are not
applicable to nonhydrocarbons or essentially pure hydrocarbons such as the aromatics. Note1—The international version of this
test method is described in Test Method D1298.
1.2 The initial values obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Values are measured on a
hydrometerateitherthereferencetemperatureoratanotherconvenienttemperature,andreadingscorrectedforthemeniscuseffect,
the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of volume
correction tables.
1.3 The hydrometer readings determined shall be recorded before performing any calculations. Then the calculations required
in Section 9 shall be performed and documented before using the final result in a subsequent calculation procedure (measurement
ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statement, see 8.3.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1) Guide for Use of the Petroleum
Measurement Tables
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity),Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method (API MPMS Chapter 9.1)
D6822 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Thermohydrometer Method (API MPMS Chapter 9.3)
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
3
2.2 EI Standards:
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
IP Specifications for Petroleum Hydrometers
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD02onPetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeonPetroleum
Products and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum Measurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ, the joint ASTM-API
Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer, on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API).
Current edition approved May 15,June 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originally approved in 1928. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D287–12a. DOI:
10.1520/D0287-12AB.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D287–12b
4
2.3 API Standards:
MPMS Chapter 9.1 Test Method for De
...

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5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2887-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.  
1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.  
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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