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ASTM E2682-09(2014)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Developing a Disaster Recovery Plan for Medical Transcription Departments and Businesses (Withdrawn 2023)

Standard Guide for Developing a Disaster Recovery Plan for Medical Transcription Departments and Businesses (Withdrawn 2023)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide acknowledges the importance of a well-designed disaster recovery plan that will protect health information and business information from damage, minimize disruption, ensure integrity of data, and provide for orderly recovery.  
4.2 This guide suggests methods to protect the confidentiality and security of healthcare documentation during a disaster.  
4.3 It is intended that this guide will contribute to compliance with laws and regulations to improve protection of health information documentation and data integrity with the development of the contingency plan requirement.  
4.4 This guide will explain key points to include in preparing a disaster recovery plan to resume operations and minimize losses due to unscheduled interruption of critical services if a disaster would occur.  
4.5 This guide is intended to assist in the development of appropriate policies and procedures that provide protection for individually identifiable health information in a secure environment in the event of a disaster.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide applies across multiple medical transcription settings in which healthcare documents are generated and stored: medical transcription departments, home offices, and medical transcription service organizations (MTSOs). Currently there is no standard disaster recovery plan in the medical transcription industry to provide guidelines for individuals, departments, and businesses to use for designing a disaster recovery plan for their medical transcription environment.  
1.2 A disaster is when a sudden event brings great damage, loss, destruction, or interruption of critical services. These guidelines could assist in developing an organized response to reduce the time for loss of services, maintain continuity of workflow, and speed the overall business recovery process.  
1.3 This guide supports the HIPAA Security Rule for ensuring data integrity with a contingency plan to include a data backup plan, a disaster recovery plan, and an emergency mode operational plan.2  
1.4 This guide is consistent with the requirement for disaster planning and recovery procedures as stated in Guide E1959.  
1.5 This guide is not intended as a disaster recovery plan for Health Information Management Departments or for an entire healthcare facility.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide applies across multiple medical transcription settings in which healthcare documents are generated and stored: medical transcription departments, home offices, and medical transcription service organizations (MTSOs).
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E31 on Healthcare Informatics, this guide was withdrawn in January 2023 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-May-2014
Withdrawal Date
09-Jan-2023
ICS
13.200 - Accident and disaster control
Technical Committee
E31 - Healthcare Informatics
Drafting Committee
E31.15 - Healthcare Information Capture and Documentation
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E2682-09(2014) - Standard Guide for Developing a Disaster Recovery Plan for Medical Transcription Departments and Businesses (Withdrawn 2023)ASTM E2682-09(2014) - Standard Guide for Developing a Disaster Recovery Plan for Medical Transcription Departments and Businesses (Withdrawn 2023)
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ASTM E2682-09(2014) - Standard Guide for Developing a Disaster Recovery Plan for Medical Transcription Departments and Businesses (Withdrawn 2023)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2682 − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Developing a Disaster Recovery Plan for Medical
Transcription Departments and Businesses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2682; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide applies across multiple medical transcription
E1869 Guide for Confidentiality, Privacy, Access, and Data
settings in which healthcare documents are generated and
SecurityPrinciplesforHealthInformationIncludingElec-
stored: medical transcription departments, home offices, and
tronic Health Records (Withdrawn 2017)
medical transcription service organizations (MTSOs). Cur-
E1959 Guide for Requests for Proposals Regarding Medical
rentlythereisnostandarddisasterrecoveryplaninthemedical
Transcription Services for Healthcare Institutions
transcription industry to provide guidelines for individuals,
2.2 Other Documents:
departments, and businesses to use for designing a disaster
Public Law 104-191 Health Insurance Portability and Ac-
recovery plan for their medical transcription environment.
countability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)
1.2 Adisaster is when a sudden event brings great damage,
45 CFR Part 142 Security and Electronic Signature Stan-
loss, destruction, or interruption of critical services. These
dards
guidelines could assist in developing an organized response to
3. Terminology
reduce the time for loss of services, maintain continuity of
workflow, and speed the overall business recovery process.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 author, n—the person originating content for a health-
1.3 This guide supports the HIPAA Security Rule for
care document.
ensuring data integrity with a contingency plan to include a
3.1.2 backups, n—retrievable, exact copies of data. The
data backup plan, a disaster recovery plan, and an emergency
primary method for ensuring that organizations can recover
mode operational plan.
from a system crash or disaster.
1.4 Thisguideisconsistentwiththerequirementfordisaster
3.1.3 confidential, adj—status accorded to data or informa-
planning and recovery procedures as stated in Guide E1959.
tion indicating that it is sensitive for some reason, and
therefore, it needs to be protected against theft, disclosure, or
1.5 Thisguideis notintendedasadisasterrecovery plan for
improper use, or a combination thereof, and must be dissemi-
Health Information Management Departments or for an entire
nated only to authorized individuals or organizations with a
healthcare facility.
need to know. E1869
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.4 confidentiality, n—the property that information is not
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
made available or disclosed to unauthorized individuals,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
entities, or processes. 45 CFR Part 142
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.5 contingency plan, n—an alternate way of doing busi-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ness when established routines are disrupted.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E31 on Healthcare contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Informatics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E31.15 on Healthcare Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Information Capture and Documentation. the ASTM website.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2014.PublishedJuly2014.Originallyapproved The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2682- 09. DOI: 10.1520/ www.astm.org.
E2682-09R14. Available from the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 200
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments, Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C., 20201, www.hhs.gov.
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401. See also Medical Records Disaster Planning, A Health Information Manager’s Survival
http://aspe.hhs.gov/admnsimp. Guide, AHIMA, Chicago, IL.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2682 − 09 (2014)
3.1.6 disaster, n—a sudden event bringing great damage, 4.4 This guide will explain key points to include in prepar-
loss, destruction or interruption of critical services. ingadisasterrecoveryplantoresumeoperationsandminimize
losses due to unscheduled interruption of critical services if a
3.1.7 individually identifiable health information, n—any
disaster would occur.
information, including demographic information collected
4.5 This guide is intended to assist in the development of
from an individual, that (1) is created or received by a health
appropriate policies and procedures that provide protection for
care provider, health plan, employer, or health care clearing-
individually identifiable health information in a secure envi-
house; and (2) relates to the past, present, or future physical or
ronment in the event of a disaster.
mental health or condition of an individual, the provision of
health care to an individual, or the past, present, or future
5. Elements of Disaster Recovery Planning
payment for the provision of health care to an individual, and
NOTE 1—Disaster recovery planning includes the identification of key
(i) identifies the individual, or (ii) with respect to which there
components of a disaster recovery plan, gathering the necessary informa-
isareasonablebasistobelievethattheinformationcanbeused
tion to provide the details to tailor the plan to meet the organization’s
to identify the individual. Public Law 104-191, needs, formalization and approval of the disaster recovery plan, annual
testing of the implementation of the requisite disaster recovery action, and
Section 1171 (6)
formal review and necessary revision of the disaster recovery plan.
3.1.8 privacy, n—the right of an individual to be left alone 7
5.1 Activation of Response Plan:
and to be protected against physical or psychological invasion
5.1.1 Policy Statement:
or misuse of their property. It includes freedom from intrusion
5.1.1.1 To ensure that the plan is effective and that all
or observation into one’s private affairs, the right to maintain
involved understand its purpose, there must be a clearly
control over certain personal information, and the freedom to
defined policy statement. This statement should define the
act without outside interference. E1869
scope and overall objectives of the plan.
5.1.2 Table of Contents.
3.1.9 provider, n—a business entity which furnishes health
5.1.3 Introduction:
care to a consumer; it includes a professionally licensed
5.1.3.1 Use of the document.
practitioner who is authorized to operate a healthcare delivery
5.1.3.2 How it is to be revised.
system. E1869
5.1.3.3 Training requirements.
3.1.10 secure environment, n—free from access by unau-
5.1.3.4 Exercise and testing schedules.
thorized persons and from unauthorized or accidental altera-
5.1.3.5 Plan maintenance schedule.
tion.
5.1.3.6 Roles and responsibilities.
5.1.3.7 General information about the facility.
3.1.11 security, n—encompasses all of the safeguards in an
5.1.3.8 Compliance with federal, state, local, and health
information system, including hardware, software, personnel
regulatory agencies.
policies, information practice policies, disaster preparedness,
5.1.4 Emergency Information Sheet:
and the oversight of all these areas. The purpose is to protect
5.1.4.1 Fire/police departments.
both the system and the information it contains from unauthor-
5.1.4.2 Hospitals.
ized access from without and from misuse from within.
5.1.4.3 Emergency shut-off.
45 CFR Part 142
5.1.4.4 Utility companies.
3.2 Acronyms:
5.1.4.5 Other agencies needed for an emergency.
3.2.1 HIPAA—Health Insurance Portability and Account-
5.1.4.6 Telephone/reporting tree.
ability Act
5.1.4.7 List of assistance/equipment vendors.
5.1.5 Resource Priorities:
3.2.2 MT—medical transcriptionist
5.1.5.1 Personnel.
3.2.3 MTSO—medical transcription service organization
5.1.5.2 Records.
5.1.5.3 Technology.
4. Significance and Use
5.1.6 Plan Activation with Response Outline:
5.1.6.1 Lead personnel responsibilities.
4.1 This guide acknowledges the importance of a well-
5.1.6.2 Assessing the situation.
designed disaster recovery plan that will protect health infor-
5.1.6.3 Organizing/prioritizing efforts.
mation and business information from damage, minimize
5.1.6.4 Establishing a command post.
disruption, ensure integrity of data, and provide for orderly
5.1.6.5 Eliminating hazards.
recovery.
5.1.6.6 Controlling the environment.
4.2 This guide suggests methods to protect the confidenti-
5.1.6.7 Dealing with media.
ality and security of healthcare documentation during a disas-
5.1.6.8 Obtaining emergency services/supplies.
ter.
5.1.6.9 Providing security.
4.3 It is intended that this guide will contribute to compli-
ance with laws and regulations to improve protection of health
The U.S. National Archives & Records Administration. www.archives.gov.
information documentation and data integrity with the devel-
Vital Records and Records Disaster Mitigation and Recovery: An Instructional
opment of the contingency plan requirement. Guide.
E2682 − 09 (2014)
5.1.6.10 Providing personnel needs. 5.2.1.3 Designation of the individual position/department in
5.1.7 Activation of Recovery Procedures: charge of making short-term emergency decisions.
5.1.7.1 Obtaining authorization to access damaged facilities 5.2.1.4 Designation of the individual position/department in
or geographic areas or both. charge of transitioning from emergency mode back to normal
5.1.7.2 Notifying personnel. business mode.
5.1.7.3 Notifying utilities and other agencies required for 5.2.2 The essence of writing a disaster recovery plan is to
resuming business. think ahead and create a unified plan that addresses all defined
5.1.7.4 Obtaining supplies needed for business. disaster scenarios (internal and external). Be aware that during
5.1.7.5 Obtaining and installing necessary hardware com- adisaster,individualsmaynotbeabletocallin,login,orwalk
ponents. in.
5.1.7.6 Obtaining and loading backup media. 5.2.2.1 Natural—hurricane, tornado, flood, snow, ice, fire,
5.1.7.7 Restoring critical operating system and application earthquake, etc.
software. 5.2.2.2 Human—disastrous employee error, sabotage, virus,
5.1.7.8 Restoring system data. terrorism, etc.
5.1.7.9 Testing system functionality including security con- 5.2.2.3 Environment—disastrous equipment failure, soft-
trols. ware corruption, telecommunications network outage, electri-
5.1.7.10 Connecting system to network or other external cal failure, etc.
systems.
5.3 The Planning Process:
5.1.7.11 Resume equipment operations.
5.3.1 To be successful, senior management must support the
5.1.8 Termination of Disaster Recovery Operations:
plan and be included in the process to develop the policy
5.1.8.1 Designated authority declares the end of disaster
statement and the plan.
recoveryoperationsanddisseminatesthatannouncementtothe
5.3.2 Whenpoliciesandproceduresaredevelopedrelatedto
communications network.
the disaster recovery plan, they need to be coordinated with
5.1.8.2 Arrange for all personnel to return to work.
relatedorganizationalactivities,includinginformationtechnol-
5.1.8.3 Resume standard operating procedures.
ogy security, physical security, human resources, risk
5.1.8.4 Complete comprehensive post event evaluation,
management, quality assurance, information technology
conduct review of the adequacy of the existing disaster
operations, and administrative services.
recovery plan, and revise the plan if necessary.
5.4 Thedisasterplanningprocessshouldincludethefollow-
5.1.9 Appendices:
ing key steps:
5.1.9.1 Personnel contact information.
5.4.1 Identify and assign responsibility (committee, task
5.1.9.2 Vendor contact information.
forces, or teams).
5.1.9.3 Equipment and system requirements for all
5.4.1.1 Planning.
hardware, software, firmware, and other resources required to
5.4.1.2 Response.
support system operations. Details should be provided for each
5.4.1.3 Recovery.
entry, including model or version number, specifications, and
5.4.2 Train members of the committees, task forces, or
quantity.
teams.
5.1.9.4 Key business records.
5.4.3 Conduct a risk analysis.
5.1.9.5 Directions to and description of any alternate sites
5.4.3.1 Identify potential building problems.
including locations for offsite backup media.
5.4.3.2 Survey fire protection policies and equipment.
5.1.9.6 Other documents or information critical to the orga-
5.4.3.3 Assess ability to protect people.
nization.
5.4.3.4 Evaluate potential source for damage.
5.2 Writing the Plan:
5.4.4 Establish goals and a timeline.
5.2.1 Assign an individual (in case of small organizations)
5.4.5 Develop a reporting schedule.
position/department or a team to create the plan. Particular
5.4.6 Evaluate systems and records and establish priorities.
attention should be paid to the coordination of needed input
5.4.7 Develop recovery strategies.
from various departments. When the team approach is used,
5.4.8 Identify preventive controls and protection needs.
team members should be individuals who serve in a variety of
5.4.9 Review fiscal implications.
organizationalrolesinordertoassureadiversityofperspective
5.4.10 Prepare the plan.
when creating the plan. Be sure to include the following items
5.4.11 Distribute the plan.
within the plan:
5.4.11.1 Training.
5.2.1.1 Designation of the individual position/department
5.4.11.2 Testing.
responsible for maintaining the plan.
5.4.11.3 Drills/Exercises.
5.2.1.2 Designation of the individual position/department
5.4.12 Plan maintenance.
responsiblefordeclaringanemergencyandactivatingtheplan.
5.4.12.1 Evaluate the plan.
5.4.12.2 Update it regularly.
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Contingency Planning Guide
for Information Technology Systems. The U.S. National Archives & Records Administration. Vital Records and
Ibid. Records Disaster Mitigation and Recovery: An Instructional Guide.
E2682 − 09 (2014)
5.4.12.3 Continue to follow the 3 planning principles of 5.6.4.5 Intranet.
de
...

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4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. It can, however, be used to develop or as part of a training document or program.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order, and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.9 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or other means specified by the AHJ.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training for Land SAR Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
1.2 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader is responsible for direct supervision, general leadership, wellness, and safety of multiple SAR teams and resources operating on all land and water environments, including intertidal areas, but not oceans or swiftwater.  
1.3 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader may work in remote areas including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.4 Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leaders are eligible to be members of Category: Land Search, Category: Land Rescue, Category: Land Search and Rescue, and Category: Untrained, search teams or crews, as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.4.1 Category: Land Search teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are:
1.4.1.1 Kind: Non-Wilderness;
1.4.1.2 Kind: Wilderness;
1.4.1.3 Kind: Mountainous;
1.4.1.4 Kind: Alpine;
1.4.1.5 Kind: Tracking;
1.4.1.6 Kind: Mounted;
1.4.1.7 Kind: Mountain Bike;
1.4.1.8 Kind: ATV-ROHV.  
1.4.2 Category: Land Rescue and Category: Land Search and Rescue teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are:
1.4.2.1 Kind: Non-Wilderness;
1.4.2.2 Kind: Wilderness;
1.4.2.3 Kind: Mountainous;
1.4.2.4 Kind: Alpine.  
1.5 Further training may be required depending on the regulations or policies of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organ...

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ASTM
ASTM F3028-24(Guide)
Standard Guide for Training of Search and Rescue Personnel Operating in the Alpine Environment (Alpine Endorsement)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.  
4.1.1 Alpine Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in an alpine environment.  
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Alpine Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.3 Alpine Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add the prefixes “Alpine Endorsed” and “Mountain Endorsed” to their current training levels.4  
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in an alpine environment as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 An Alpine Endorsement indicates that a person is qualified to operate safely and effectively in the alpine environment in his or her normal area of operations.  
4.3.1 An Alpine Endorsement alone does not indicate that an individual possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.  
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an Alpine Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the alpine environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the alpine environment.  
4.8 Though this guide establishes only mi...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.  
1.2 An Alpine Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the extreme conditions of the alpine environment, at altitudes that are likely to have a negative impact on human physiology.  
1.2.1 Specifically, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in an alpine environment.  
1.2.2 In addition, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain alone.  
1.3 An Alpine Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined in this guide.  
1.4 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.5 An Alpine Endorsed individual may be a member of a Mountainous or Alpine Land Search Team or Task Force or Group, as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.6 Alpine Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established i...

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ASTM
ASTM E3318-24(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for Standards Relating to Stormwater Control Measures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The purpose of this standard is to provide uniform terminology used in the development of methods and standards relating to ASTM Committee E64 on Stormwater Control Measures (SCMs).
SCOPE
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the standards of ASTM Committee E64.  
1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to stormwater control measures in the various sections of standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E64.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except for methods to establish and report sediment concentration and particle size. It is convention to exclusively describe sediment concentration in mg/L and particle size in mm or μm, both of which are SI units. The SI units given in parentheses are mathematical conversions, which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound units shall not be regarded as non-conformance with this test method.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3341-23a(Guide)
Standard Guide for General Principles of Resilience

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Every system is subject to disruptive events and stressors. Events and stressors can occur at all life-cycle stages and affect systems in multiple ways and on a range of scales. It is imperative to define and understand the nature of the events and stressors that may affect a system in order to address the opportunities and challenges presented.  
4.2 A resilient system is better able to withstand an anticipated disruptive event or stressor.  
4.3 Knowledge from historic disruptive events can aid in the design of system resilience. However, assumptions based on historical events may not be indicative of future conditions or future system operations, or they may not be consistent with design criteria in codes and standards. Systems can be designed to withstand and limit damage and support health and safety; stressors and recovery of function can often be more robustly addressed in initial system design practice. Advancing resilience requires addressing all principles of resilience for applicable events and stressors during the design process and life of the system.
Note 1: Design practice is influenced by codes, standards, federal regulations, and other applicable industry best practices. Both resilience, particularly recovery of function and services, and stressors, are new concepts for design practice of many systems, and guidance is evolving.  
4.4 This guide provides general guidance but does not prescribe a specific course of action.  
4.5 This guide is intended to inform those associated with creating or managing a system when considering its resilience. This could be product development teams, designers, or assessment teams.  
4.6 The general principles of resilience are interrelated. However, to facilitate clarity, they are discussed individually as much as possible.  
4.7 The general principles in this guide are intended to identify the required performance of more resilient systems and to assist users in making decisions that advance resilience....
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers general principles related to the resilience of systems, including natural and anthropological systems.  
1.2 Resilience is defined by four general principles: planning and preparation, adaptation, withstanding and limiting impacts, and recovery of operations and function. This guide covers the fundamentals for each of the general principles.  
1.3 This guide recognizes that, in applying principles of resilience, decision makers often balance opportunities and challenges, as well as the safety and risk associated with each of the general principles and their interdependence.  
1.4 This guide recognizes that improved resilience may result from a variety of sources and potential solutions. Solutions and their associated impacts can span economic, physical, environmental, health and wellness, ecological, and other human aspects related to individuals, organizations, social systems, physical systems, and natural systems.  
1.5 The general principles identified in this guide are applicable to all types of systems, the boundaries of which are defined by the user based upon the system functions, uses, and impacts, as well as other natural, social, economic, or physical constraints for the specific situation.  
1.6 Applying the principles in this guide will require informed assessment and practical experience to determine if system resilience goals are advanced or achieved through application of the four principles and meeting project requirements.  
1.7 This guide acknowledges that the various contexts in which a system is used or operates directly affects its resilience.  
1.8 This guide recognizes that one or more components make up systems, requiring evaluation of each component individually, as well as being part of the relevant system, and in relationship to relevant externalities.  
1.9 This guide recommends four general principles to inform planning and design processes; it does not recommen...

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ASTM
ASTM E2601-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Radiological and Nuclear Emergency Response

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It is essential for response agency personnel to plan, develop, implement, and train on standardized guidelines that encompass policy, strategy, operations, and tactical decisions prior to responding to a radiological or nuclear incident. Use of this practice is recommended for all levels of the response structure.  
5.2 Documents developed from this practice should be reviewed and revised as necessary on a two-year cycle or according to each jurisdiction’s normal practices. The review should consider new and updated requirements and guidance, technologies, and other information or equipment that might have a significant impact on the management and outcome of radiological incidents.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides decision-making considerations for response to both accidental and intentional incidents that involve radioactive material. It provides information and guidance for what to include in response planning and what activities to conduct during a response. It also encompasses the practices to respond to any situation complicated by radiation in conjunction with the associated guidance for the specific type of incident.  
1.1.1 The intended audience for the standard includes planners as well as emergency responders, incident commanders, and other emergency workers who should be protected from radiation.  
1.1.2 The scope of this practice applies to all types of radiological emergencies. While it does not fully consider response to an NPP accident,3 an explosive RDD, or nuclear detonation, detailed guidance to respond to such incidents is provided in other documents, such as those cited in the introduction. With respect to the guidance documents, this practice provides the general principles that apply to the broad range of incidents and associated planning goals but relies on the AHJ to apply and tailor their response planning based on those documents as well as the limitation of the personnel and equipment resources in the jurisdiction. In addition, the AHJ should use those documents to identify improvements to planning and resources to be better prepared for the more complex emergencies.  
1.1.3 This practice does not expressly address emergency response to contamination of food or water supplies.  
1.1.4 The Emergency Response Guide (ERG) published by the Department of Transportation provides valuable information for response to traffic accidents involving radioactive materials. For other radiological or nuclear incidents, however, the ERG may not provide adequate information on appropriate protective measures and should not be the sole resource used.  
1.2 This practice applies to those emergency response agencies that have a role in the response to an accidental or intentional radiological or nuclear incident. It should be used by emergency response organizations such as law enforcement, fire service, emergency medical services, and emergency management.  
1.3 This practice assumes that implementation begins with the recognition of a radiological or nuclear incident and ends when emergency response actions cease or the response is supported by specialized regional, state, or federal response assets.  
1.4 AHJs using this practice should identify hazards, develop a plan, acquire and track equipment, and provide training consistent with the descriptions provided in Section 6.  
1.5 While response to radiological hazards is the focus of this practice, responders must consider all hazards during a response; it is possible that non-radiological hazards may present a greater danger at an incident, particularly in incidents with wide area dispersion.  
1.5.1 This practice does not fully address assessing the risks from airborne radioactivity. Equipment to determine this potential hazard is not widely available in emergency responder communities. Like other responses to unknown hazards, respiratory protection commonly used by responders is required until a complete hazard i...

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ASTM
ASTM E2521-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for Evaluating Response Robot Capabilities

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology identifies and precisely defines terms as used in the standard test methods, practices, and guides for evaluating response robots intended for hazardous environments. Further discussions of the terms can be found within the standards in which the terms appear.  
1.2 The term definitions address response robots, including ground, aquatic, and aerial systems. Some key features of such systems are remotely operated from safe standoff distances, deployable at operational tempos, capable of operating in complex environments, sufficiently hardened against harsh environments, reliable and field serviceable, durable or cost effectively disposable, and equipped with operational safeguards.  
1.3 Units—Values stated in either the International System of Units (metric) or U.S. Customary units (inch-pound) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Both units are referenced to facilitate acquisition of materials internationally and minimize fabrication costs. Tests conducted using either system maintain repeatability and reproducibility of the test method and results are comparable.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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