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ASTM E768-99(2010)

(Practice)

Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel

Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Inclusion ratings done either manually using Test Methods E45 or automatically using Practice E1122 or E1245 are influenced by the quality of specimen preparation. This guide provides examples of proven specimen preparation methods that retain inclusions in polished steel specimens.
This guide provides a procedure to determine if the prepared specimens are of suitable quality for subsequent rating of inclusions. None of these methods should be construed as defining or establishing specific procedures or limits of acceptability for any steel grade.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers two preparation methods for steel metallographic specimens that will be analyzed for nonmetallic inclusions with automatic image analysis (AIA) equipment. The two methods of preparation are offered as accepted methods used to retain nonmetallic inclusions in steel. This guide does not limit the user to these methods.  
1.2 A procedure to test the suitability of the prepared specimen for AIA inclusion work, using differential interference contrast (DIC), is presented.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2010
ICS
77.040.01 - Testing of metals in general
Technical Committee
E04 - Metallography
Drafting Committee
E04.01 - Specimen Preparation
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E768-99(2005) - Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM E45-18a - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM B796-20 - Standard Test Method for Nonmetallic Inclusion Content of Ferrous Powders Intended for Powder Forging (PF) Applications
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM E2142-08(2015) - Standard Test Methods for Rating and Classifying Inclusions in Steel Using the Scanning Electron Microscope
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM E883-11(2017) - Standard Guide for Reflected–Light Photomicrography
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM E1245-03(2023) - Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM E3-11(2017) - Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM E2283-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Extreme Value Analysis of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel and Other Microstructural Features
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010

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ASTM E768-99(2010) - Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of SteelASTM E768-99(2010) - Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel
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ASTM E768-99(2010) - Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E768 − 99(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Guide for
Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic
1
Inclusion Assessment of Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E768; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
5
1. Scope 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
2 ADJE0768 Differential Interference Contrast Magnification
1.1 This guide covers two preparation methods for steel
100X and 500X (6 micrographs)
metallographicspecimensthatwillbeanalyzedfornonmetallic
inclusions with automatic image analysis (AIA) equipment.
3. Terminology
The two methods of preparation are offered as accepted
3.1 Definitions:
methods used to retain nonmetallic inclusions in steel. This
3.1.1 For definitions used in this practice, refer to Termi-
guide does not limit the user to these methods.
nology E7.
1.2 A procedure to test the suitability of the prepared
3.1.2 differential interference contrast microscopy—a com-
specimen for AIA inclusion work, using differential interfer-
prehensive definition appears in Guide E883, paragraph 11.8.
ence contrast (DIC), is presented.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.1 rigid grinding disk—a non-fabric support surface,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
such as a composite of metal/ceramic or metal/polymer,
standard.
charged with an abrasive (usually 6 to 15-µm diamond
particles), and used as the fine grinding operation in a metal-
2. Referenced Documents
lographic preparation procedure.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Significance and Use
E3Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E7Terminology Relating to Metallography 4.1 Inclusion ratings done either manually usingTest Meth-
E45Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
ods E45 or automatically using Practice E1122 or E1245 are
Steel influenced by the quality of specimen preparation. This guide
E883Guide for Reflected–Light Photomicrography
provides examples of proven specimen preparation methods
E1122Practice for Obtaining JK Inclusion Ratings Using that retain inclusions in polished steel specimens.
4
Automatic Image Analysis (Withdrawn 2006)
4.2 This guide provides a procedure to determine if the
E1245Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-
prepared specimens are of suitable quality for subsequent
Phase Constituent Content of Metals byAutomatic Image
rating of inclusions. None of these methods should be con-
Analysis
strued as defining or establishing specific procedures or limits
of acceptability for any steel grade.
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE04onMetallography
5. Preparation Methods
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E04.01 on Specimen Preparation.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originally
5.1 Background:
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E768–99(2005). DOI:
5.1.1 The inclusions in the plane of polish must be fully
10.1520/E0768-99R10.
2
preserved and clearly visible. Preparation should not produce
Supporting data have been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E04-1002.
excessive relief around the perimeter of the inclusions that
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
would exaggerate the size and number of inclusions on the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5
the ASTM website. Acolored plate, consisting of six micrographs that illustrate the use of DIC in
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on determining a properly prepared sample (at 100x and 500x), is available from
www.astm.org. ASTM Headquarters. Order Adjuct: ADJE0768.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E768 − 99 (2010)
TABLE 1 Comparison of ANSI (CAMI) versus FEPA versus
plane of polish. In many cases, the preparation of specimens
Median Diameter of Grit Size in Micrometers
for inclusion rating is more readily performed after the
A B C
ANSI (CAMI) FEPA Approximate Median
specimens have been hardened by a suitable heat treatment
Diameter
procedure (austenize, quench to fully martensitic structure,
(µm)
temper at a relatively low temperature).
60 P60 250
80 P80 180
5.1.2 Cleanliness is an important consideration in all stages
100 P100 150
of specimen preparation.
120 P120 125
5.
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Inclusion ratings done either manually using Test Methods E45 or automatically using Practice E1122 or E1245 are influenced by the quality of specimen preparation. This guide provides examples of proven specimen preparation methods that retain inclusions in polished steel specimens.  
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