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ASTM D5443-14(2018)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A knowledge of the composition of hydrocarbon refinery streams is useful for process control and quality assurance.  
4.2 Aromatics in gasoline are soon to be limited by federal mandate. This test method can be used to provide such information.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinic hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200 °C or less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200 °C and less than 270 °C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates are included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aromatics boiling at C9 and above are reported as a single aromatic group.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual components except for benzene and toluene that are the only C6 and C7 aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane that is the only C5 naphthene. The lower limit of detection for a single hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 % by mass.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted, alkylated and blended naphtha.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit “coulomb” is “C”.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7 and Table 1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2018
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0L - Gas Chromatography Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D5443-14(2018) - Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-Dimensional Gas ChromatographyASTM D5443-14(2018) - Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
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ASTM D5443-14(2018) - Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
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REDLINE ASTM D5443-14(2018) - Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-Dimensional Gas ChromatographyREDLINE ASTM D5443-14(2018) - Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
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REDLINE ASTM D5443-14(2018) - Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5443 − 14 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type
Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-
1
Dimensional Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins,
naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinic D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200 °C or
less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200 °C and D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
Analytical Standards
less than 270 °C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if
present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates are D5134 Test Method for Detailed Analysis of Petroleum
Naphthas through n-Nonane by Capillary Gas Chroma-
included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aromatics
boiling at C and above are reported as a single aromatic group. tography
9
D6839 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types, Oxygenated
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual
Compounds, and Benzene in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels
components except for benzene and toluene that are the only
by Gas Chromatography
C and C aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane that is the
6 7
only C naphthene. The lower limit of detection for a single
3. Summary of Test Method
5
hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 % by mass.
3.1 A representative sample is introduced into a gas chro-
1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures
matographic system containing a series of columns and switch-
including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted, ing valves. As the sample passes through a polar column, the
alkylated and blended naphtha.
polar aromatic compounds, bi-naphthenes, and high boiling
(>200 °C) paraffins and naphthenes are retained. The fraction
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
not retained elutes to a platinum column, that hydrogenates
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
olefins, if present, in this fraction, and then to a molecular sieve
standard.
column which performs a carbon number separation based on
1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit “coulomb” is “C”.
molecular structure, that is, naphthenes and paraffins. The
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
fraction remaining on the polar column is further divided into
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
three separate fractions that are then separated on a non-polar
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
column by boiling point. Eluting compounds are detected by a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
flame ionization detector.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 The mass concentration of each group is determined by
Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7 and
the multiplication of detected peak areas by flame ionization
Table 1.
detector response factors and normalization to 100 %.
3.3 This test method provides limited identification of
individual hydrocarbon components. Test Method D5134 may
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5443 – 14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5443-14R18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5443 − 14 (2018)
TABLE 1 Hydrocarbon Test Mixture
Isothermal temperature operation 150 °C to 170 °C
Sensitivity >0.015 C/g
Hydrocarbons Warning
−12
Minimum detectability 5 × 10 g carbon/s
Cyclopentane (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
7
Linearity >10
Pentane (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)
Some instruments will produce a non-linear response for
Cyclohexane (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful if
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5443 − 14 D5443 − 14 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type
Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-
1
Dimensional Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinic
hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200 °C or less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200 °C and less
than 270 °C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates are included in the
paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aromatics boiling at C and above are reported as a single aromatic group.
9
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual components except for benzene and toluene that are the only C
6
and C aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane that is the only C naphthene. The lower limit of detection for a single
7 5
hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 % by mass.
1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted,
alkylated and blended naphtha.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit “coulomb” is “C”.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7 and Table 1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
D5134 Test Method for Detailed Analysis of Petroleum Naphthas through n-Nonane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
D6839 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types, Oxygenated Compounds, and Benzene in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by Gas
Chromatography
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A representative sample is introduced into a gas chromatographic system containing a series of columns and switching
valves. As the sample passes through a polar column, the polar aromatic compounds, bi-naphthenes, and high boiling (>200 °C)
paraffins and naphthenes are retained. The fraction not retained elutes to a platinum column, that hydrogenates olefins, if present,
in this fraction, and then to a molecular sieve column which performs a carbon number separation based on molecular structure,
that is, naphthenes and paraffins. The fraction remaining on the polar column is further divided into three separate fractions that
are then separated on a non-polar column by boiling point. Eluting compounds are detected by a flame ionization detector.
3.2 The mass concentration of each group is determined by the multiplication of detected peak areas by flame ionization detector
response factors and normalization to 100 %.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
Current edition approved June 15, 2014Oct. 1, 2018. Published September 2014November 2018. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20092014
ε1
as D5443 – 04 (2009)D5443 – 14. . DOI: 10.1520/D5443-14.10.1520/D5443-14R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5443 − 14 (2018)
TABLE 1 Hydrocarbon Test Mixture
Hydrocarbons Warning
Cyclopentane (Warning—Extremely Flammable. Harmful
...

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5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2887-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.  
1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.  
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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