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ASTM D7143-05

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products

Standard Practice for Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Indoor materials/products are products or materials used for construction works or in the indoor environment. The area specific emission rates of volatile organic compounds from an indoor material/product may be used to estimate the expected contribution of emissions from that material/product to the atmosphere of a given indoor environment.
Emission data may also be used to compare and categorize different indoor materials/products of similar function.
Emission cell testing of area specific emissions may alternatively be used for studying secondary interactions (for example, sink effects (absorption and re-emission of volatile organics by the indoor material/product) or emissions generated by chemical degradation of the indoor material/product caused by specific atmospheric agents such as water, ozone or NOx).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended for determining volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from materials and products using emission cells. It can be applied in principle to most construction materials and many products used indoors. Objectives include:
1.1.1 To provide manufacturers, builders, and end users with emission data useful for evaluating the impact of building products, new or old, on indoor air concentrations in a model room.
1.1.2 To promote the development of products with lower VOC emissions.
1.2 This practice is for identifying emitted VOCs and for determining the area specific emission rate of VOCs from newly produced building products under defined climate conditions. The method can also be applied to aged products.
1.3 In accordance with the definition of an emission cell, it is also possible to perform nondestructive emission measurements on building products on-site in buildings. However, the procedure for such measurements is not described in this standard.
1.4 This practice describes the design, construction, performance evaluation and use of emission cells for VOC emission testing. Sampling, transport and storage of materials to be tested, and preparation of test specimens are also described.
1.5 Air sampling and analytical methods for the determination of VOCs are described in Practice D 6196. Alternative sampling and analytical approaches for formaldehyde and other carbonyls are described in Test Method D 5197.
Note 1—All volatile (vapor-phase) carbonyls except formaldehyde can be analyzed by either Practice D 6196 or by Test Method D 5197.
Note 2—Direct-reading instruments can also be applied for specific objectives.
Note 3—Some volatile inorganic compounds can, in principle, also be analyzed (for example, ammonia).
1.6 An example of an emission cell is described in Appendix X2 of this practice.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2005
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.05 - Indoor Air
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7143-11 - Standard Practice for Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7911-19 - Standard Guide for Using Reference Material to Characterize Measurement Bias Associated with Volatile Organic Compound Emission Chamber Test
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8345-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of an Emission Parameter for Phthalate Esters and Other Non-Phthalate Plasticizers from Planar Polyvinyl Chloride Indoor Materials for Use in Mass Transfer Modeling Calculations
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7339-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Carpet using a Specific Sorbent Tube and Thermal Desorption / Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5116-17 - Standard Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7706-17 - Standard Practice for Rapid Screening of VOC Emissions from Products Using Micro-Scale Chambers
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005

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ASTM D7143-05 - Standard Practice for Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ProductsASTM D7143-05 - Standard Practice for Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
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ASTM D7143-05 - Standard Practice for Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7143 – 05
Standard Practice for
Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic
1
Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This practice complements Guide D5116 and Practice D6670.
analyzed (for example, ammonia).
1. Scope
1.6 An example of an emission cell is described in Appen-
1.1 This practice is intended for determining volatile or-
ganiccompound(VOC)emissionsfrommaterialsandproducts dix X2 of this practice.
using emission cells. It can be applied in principle to most
2. Referenced Documents
construction materials and many products used indoors. Ob-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
jectives include:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
1.1.1 To provide manufacturers, builders, and end users
with emission data useful for evaluating the impact of building Atmospheres
D1914 Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating
products, new or old, on indoor air concentrations in a model
to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
room.
D5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-
1.1.2 To promote the development of products with lower
terminations of Organic Emissions From Indoor Materials/
VOC emissions.
Products
1.2 This practice is for identifying emitted VOCs and for
D5197 Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde
determining the area specific emission rate of VOCs from
and Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active Sampler
newly produced building products under defined climate con-
Methodology)
ditions. The method can also be applied to aged products.
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Calibration of Personal
1.3 In accordance with the definition of an emission cell, it
Sampling Pumps
is also possible to perform nondestructive emission measure-
D6196 Practice for Selection of Sorbents, Sampling, and
ments on building products on-site in buildings. However, the
Thermal Desorption Analysis Procedures for Volatile Or-
procedure for such measurements is not described in this
ganic Compounds in Air
standard.
D6330 PracticeforDeterminationofVolatileOrganicCom-
1.4 This practice describes the design, construction, perfor-
pounds (Excluding Formaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-
mance evaluation and use of emission cells for VOC emission
Based Panels Using Small Environmental Chambers Un-
testing. Sampling, transport and storage of materials to be
der Defined Test Conditions
tested, and preparation of test specimens are also described.
D6670 Practice for Full-Scale Chamber Determination of
1.5 Air sampling and analytical methods for the determina-
Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/
tion of VOCs are described in Practice D6196. Alternative
Products
sampling and analytical approaches for formaldehyde and
2.2 Others Standards and Documents:
other carbonyls are described in Test Method D5197.
EN 196-1 Methods of Testing Cement—Part 1: Determina-
NOTE 1—Allvolatile(vapor-phase)carbonylsexceptformaldehydecan
tion of Strength
be analyzed by either Practice D6196 or by Test Method D5197.
EN428 ResilientFloorCoverings—DeterminationofOver-
NOTE 2—Direct-reading instruments can also be applied for specific
all Thickness
objectives.
NOTE 3—Some volatile inorganic compounds can, in principle, also be EN 430 Resilient Floor Coverings—Determination of Mass
per Unit Area
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 onAir Quality For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published May 2005. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D7143-05. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7143 – 05
EN 927-1 Paints and Varnishes—Coating Materials and 3.2.3.1 Discussion—The emission cell is placed against the
Coating Systems for Exterior Wood surface of the test specimen, such that the surface of the test
EN 1937 Test Method for Hydraulic Setting Floor Smooth- specimen itself becomes part of the emission cell. This is the
ing and/or Leveling Compounds—Standard Mixing Pro- fundamental difference between emission cells and emission
cedures chambers. The air inlet of the emission cell is designed such
EN 13892-1 Methods of Test for Screed Mate
...

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6.1 A primary use intended for this practice is for qualifying ASTM International Standards as Standard Test Methods. In the past, a “Precision and Bias” report has been required. However, recently a statement of uncertainty has become an acceptable alternative to Guide D3670. Inclusion of such a statement with a method description simplifies comparison of ASTM Test Methods to analogous ISO and Committee for European Normalization (CEN) standards, now required to have uncertainty statements.  
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Standard Test Method for Determining the Opacity of a Plume in the Outdoor Ambient Atmosphere

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5.1 Air permits from regulatory agencies often require measurements of opacity from stationary air pollution point sources in the outdoor ambient environment. Opacity has been visually measured by certified smoke readers in accordance with USEPA (USEPA Method 9). DCOT is also a method to determine plume opacity in the outdoor ambient environment.  
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5.1 This practice is recommended for use in measuring the concentration of VOCs in ambient, indoor, and workplace atmospheres. It may also be used for measuring emissions from materials in small or full scale environmental chambers for material emission testing or human exposure assessment.  
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1.1 This practice is intended to assist in the selection of sorbents and procedures for the sampling and analysis of ambient (1),2 indoor (2), and workplace (3, 4) atmospheres for a variety of common volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It may also be used for measuring emissions from materials in small or full scale environmental chambers or for human exposure assessment.  
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1.3 This practice applies to three basic types of samplers that are compatible with thermal desorption: (1) pumped sorbent tubes containing one or more sorbents; (2) axial passive (diffusive) samplers (typically of the same physical dimensions as standard pumped sorbent tubes and containing only one sorbent); and (3) radial passive (diffusive) samplers.  
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5.2 This guide is applicable for use in either occupied or unoccupied dwellings and in other child-occupied facilities.  
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5.4 This guide may be used to supplement assessment procedures used to determine the causes of elevated blood lead (EBL) levels in young children.
Note 2: In cases of EBL levels, investigation of the total living environment of the child and a pediatric medical evaluation may also be needed. Reference should be made to documents such as Managing Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children,6 Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children (1991),7 the HUD Guidelines, and Screening Young Children for Lead Poisoning (1997).7  
5.5 Although this guide was developed for dwellings and for other child-occupied facilities, this guide may be suitable for lead hazard assessments in non-residential buildings and other properties following agreement between assessor and client on appropriate lead action levels.  
5.6 This guide is not intended for use in identifying building materials that when abraded or otherwise degraded, such as that which may occur in remodeling or renovation activities, may result in lead hazards.  
5.7 Lead hazard assessment reports describe lead hazards identified at the time the assessment was performed. The locations, types, or severities of lead hazards can change over time as a result of property improvement or deterioration, significant changes in property use, or other factors.
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SCOPE
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1.2 Procedures for assessment of personal items, such as toys, dishes, and hobby materials that may contribute to elevated lead levels in blood are not included in this guide.  
1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included.  
1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe sampling data.  
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1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres

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3.3 The values reported here were obtained from a number of standard publications. They were adjusted to five figures and organized in a rational order. All values reflect the latest information from the 16th General Conference on Weights and Measurements held in 1979.  
3.4 The factors in Table 1 are provided to change units of measurement from one system to related units in other systems, as well as to smaller or larger units in the same system.  
3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.  (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356.
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1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities.  
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Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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