ASTM D8345-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of an Emission Parameter for Phthalate Esters and Other Non-Phthalate Plasticizers from Planar Polyvinyl Chloride Indoor Materials for Use in Mass Transfer Modeling Calculations
Standard Test Method for Determination of an Emission Parameter for Phthalate Esters and Other Non-Phthalate Plasticizers from Planar Polyvinyl Chloride Indoor Materials for Use in Mass Transfer Modeling Calculations
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The conventional approach for characterizing VOC emissions from building materials and products (for example, Test Methods D6007 and D8142; Practices D6177, D6330, D6670, D6803, D7143; Guide D5116; and ISO 16000-6 standards) results in modeling VOC emissions in the indoor environment using area-specific emission rates (µg h-1 m-2). These approaches work for most chemicals classified as VOCs, because most VOC emissions are controlled by the internal mass transfer processes (diffusion of the chemical through the material) and most VOCs sorb to minimal extent to chamber walls. Hence, chamber area-specific emission rates can be directly applied to models of indoor environments.
5.2 In contrast, chemicals classified as SVOCs will sorb strongly to chamber walls and are controlled by the external mass transfer process (migration through the air boundary layer on the material surface). When used for the equilibrium gas phase concentration of certain SVOCs above source materials, conventional chamber emission characterization approaches are typically time-consuming taking up to several months due to sorption of analytes to chamber walls. Due to SVOC’s external mass transfer limitation, the SVOC area-specific emission rate (µg h-1 m-2) measured in a test chamber can be different from that for the same material in a real indoor environment. To accurately model SVOC concentrations in indoor environments, a mass transfer approach to determine gas phase concentrations in equilibrium with the material phase is needed.
5.3 Modeling emissions in a real environment using a mass transfer framework requires knowledge of the convective mass transfer coefficient (hm), the initial SVOC concentration in the material (Co), the diffusion coefficient in the material (D), and the concentration in the air immediately above the material surface (y0). Typically, the convective mass transfer coefficient, hm, and diffusion coefficient, D, can be estimated. The initial concentration in the...
SCOPE
1.1 Planar polyvinyl chloride (vinyl) indoor materials can contain semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), such as phthalate esters and other non-phthalate plasticizers, that can emit into indoor air. Phthalate esters and other non-phthalate plasticizers that have been measured using this standard are listed in Table 1 and are referred to as SVOCs in the remainder of this document.
1.2 The SVOCs listed in Table 1 are present in a wide range of products and not limited to planar polyvinyl chloride (vinyl) indoor materials. This standard discusses specific planar polyvinyl chloride materials due to method development and associated quality control data produced from testing these materials. The materials inclusion in this standard does not indicate the SVOC source strength of specific polyvinyl chloride planar materials relative to other products.
1.3 This method describes the design of a 1 L environmental chamber with minimal exposed chamber walls.
1.4 This method measures the steady-state gas phase concentration of SVOCs in the chamber. Samples of products are tested at specified conditions of temperature, airflow rate, and elapsed time in a specially designed chamber with dry air. Air samples are collected periodically using sorbent sampling tubes at the chamber exhausts at controlled flow rates, and then analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS).
1.5 This method determines the SVOC convective gas-phase mass transfer coefficient across the material surface, hm, from the known dimethyl phthalate mass transfer coefficient in the chamber (1).2
1.6 Using the steady-state gas phase concentration and mass transfer coefficient, the method estimates the gas-phase concentration of SVOC in equilibrium with the material phase (y0) at a specified temperature. The obtained y0 data can be used to predict emissions in real indoor environments. However, exposure modeling is beyond t...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8345 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determination of an Emission Parameter for Phthalate
Esters and Other Non-Phthalate Plasticizers from Planar
Polyvinyl Chloride Indoor Materials for Use in Mass Transfer
1
Modeling Calculations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope centrationofSVOCinequilibriumwiththematerialphase(y )
0
at a specified temperature.The obtained y data can be used to
0
1.1 Planar polyvinyl chloride (vinyl) indoor materials can
predict emissions in real indoor environments. However, ex-
contain semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), such as
posure modeling is beyond the scope of this method. For more
phthalate esters and other non-phthalate plasticizers, that can
information on mass transfer emission and exposure modeling
emit into indoor air. Phthalate esters and other non-phthalate
see Little et al. (2), Liang and Xu (1, 3), and Guo (4).
plasticizers that have been measured using this standard are
listedinTable1andarereferredtoasSVOCsintheremainder 1.7 The results for gas phase concentration change in the
of this document. chamber with time, steady-state gas phase SVOC concentra-
tions(y ),and y ,onlyrepresenttheconditionsspecifiedinthe
ss 0
1.2 TheSVOCslistedinTable1arepresentinawiderange
test method and are the result of assumptions built into the
ofproductsandnotlimitedtoplanarpolyvinylchloride(vinyl)
method such as instantaneous equilibrium at the source/air
indoor materials. This standard discusses specific planar poly-
interface. The results may not be representative of those
vinyl chloride materials due to method development and
collected under other test conditions (that is, temperature or
associated quality control data produced from testing these
flow rate) or comparable with other SVOC test methods.
materials. The materials inclusion in this standard does not
indicate the SVOC source strength of specific polyvinyl 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
chloride planar materials relative to other products. standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.3 Thismethoddescribesthedesignofa1Lenvironmental
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
chamber with minimal exposed chamber walls.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.4 This method measures the steady-state gas phase con-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
centration of SVOCs in the chamber. Samples of products are
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
tested at specified conditions of temperature, airflow rate, and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
elapsed time in a specially designed chamber with dry air.Air
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
samples are collected periodically using sorbent sampling
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tubesatthechamberexhaustsatcontrolledflowrates,andthen
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
spectrometry (TD-GC-MS).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.5 This method determines the SVOC convective gas-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
phase mass transfer coefficient across the material surface, h ,
m
from the known dimethyl phthalate mass transfer coefficient in 2. Referenced Documents
2
the chamber (1). 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.6 Usingthesteady-stategasphaseconcentrationandmass D1193Specification for Reagent Water
transfer coefficient, the method estimates the gas-phase con- D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
Atmospheres
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
3
Current edition approved March 1, 2021. Published December 2021. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D8345-21. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
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