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ASTM D8011-18

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol

Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers natural gasoline to be used as a hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuel blends for flexible-fuel automotive spark-ignition engines (Specification D5798). In the United States, these blends are referred to commercially as Ethanol Flex Fuel.  
1.2 This specification also covers natural gasoline to be used as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol for blending with gasolines for use as automotive spark-ignition engine fuel (Specification D4806).  
1.3 Specific regulatory requirements for the intended uses from various jurisdictions are given in appendixes for information.  
1.4 This specification is not intended to provide a market specification nor a regulatory reference for natural gasoline for any use other than as a hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuel blends or as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—Values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2018
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.A0 - Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D8011-17 - Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol
Effective Date
01-Oct-2018
Replaced By
ASTM D8011-19 - Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019

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ASTM D8011-18 - Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel EthanolASTM D8011-18 - Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol
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REDLINE ASTM D8011-18 - Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel EthanolREDLINE ASTM D8011-18 - Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol
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REDLINE ASTM D8011-18 - Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D8011 −18
Standard Specification for
Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or
1
as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8011; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
1.1 This specification covers natural gasoline to be used as
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
a hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuel blends for flexible-
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
fuel automotive spark-ignition engines (Specification D5798).
ration
In the United States, these blends are referred to commercially
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp
as Ethanol Flex Fuel.
Method)
1.2 Thisspecificationalsocoversnaturalgasolinetobeused
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol for blending with
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
gasolines for use as automotive spark-ignition engine fuel
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
(Specification D4806).
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
1.3 Specific regulatory requirements for the intended uses
lometry
from various jurisdictions are given in appendixes for infor-
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
mation.
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1.4 This specification is not intended to provide a market D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
specification nor a regulatory reference for natural gasoline for Petroleum Products
any use other than as a hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuel D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
blends or as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol. Fuels, and Lubricants
D4176 Test Method for FreeWater and Particulate Contami-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
standard.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
1.5.1 Exception—Values given in parentheses are provided
Petroleum Products
for information only.
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Engine Fuel
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Fuel
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
2. Referenced Documents
2 Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
ucts (Mini Method)
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
1
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Subcommittee D02.A0 on Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels.
D5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
ucts (Mini Method—Atmospheric)
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8011 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/D8011-18.
D5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C and Heavier
9
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Aromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Gas Chromatography
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8011−18
D5798 Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible- MiddleDistillateFuelsandOxygenatedFuelsusingSilver
Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines Wool: Rapid Ultrasonic Method
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8011 − 17 D8011 − 18
Standard Specification for
Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or
1
as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8011; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers natural gasoline to be used as a hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuel blends for flexible-fuel
automotive spark-ignition engines (Specification D5798). In the United States, these blends are referred to commercially as
Ethanol Flex Fuel.
1.2 This specification also covers natural gasoline to be used as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol for blending with
gasolines for use as automotive spark-ignition engine fuel (Specification D4806).
1.3 Specific regulatory requirements for the intended uses from various jurisdictions are given in appendixes for information.
1.4 This specification is not intended to provide a market specification nor a regulatory reference for natural gasoline for any
use other than as a hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuel blends or as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5.1 Exception—Values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,
and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.A0 on Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2018. Published February 2017October 2018. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 as
D8011 – 16.D8011 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D8011-17.10.1520/D8011-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8011 − 18
D5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method—Atmospheric)
D5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m
...

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ASTM D3701-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
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ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.  
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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