ASTM D5324-16(2022)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
ABSTRACT
This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing water-borne architectural coatings to be used on exterior, interior, or both types of surfaces. The properties that can be examined by the test methods listed herein are as follows: liquid paint properties (skinning, condition in container, coarse particles and foreign matter, density or weight per gallon, fineness of dispersion, flash point, odor, absorption, colorant acceptance, dilution stability, package stability, heat stability, and settling); coating application and film formation characteristics (brush application properties, brush drag, roller application properties, roller spatter, spray application properties, touch-up uniformity, consistency (low-shear viscosity), rheological properties of non-Newtonian liquids, sag resistance, levelling properties, and drying properties); appearance of dry film (color appearance, color differences by visual comparison, color differences using instrumental measurements, directional reflectance, gloss, sheen, hiding power, and yellowness index); properties of dry film (abrasion resistance, adhesion, flexibility, resistance to household chemicals, color change of white enamels, washability and cleansability, blister resistance, exposure resistance, chalking, checking, cracking, erosion, flaking, mildew resistance, and fume resistance); and Coating Analysis (chemical analysis, volatile content, nonvolatile volume content, water content, pigment content, pigment analysis, nonvolatile vehicle content, vehicle separation, and nonvolatile vehicle identification).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing water-borne coatings to be used on exterior, interior or both types of surfaces (Note 1). The properties that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are listed in Table 1 and Table 2.
Note 1: The term “architectural coating” as used here combines the definition in Terminology D16 with that in the FSCT Paint/Coatings Dictionary, 2 as follows: “Organic coatings intended for on-site application to interior or exterior surfaces of residential, commercial, institutional, or industrial buildings, in contrast to industrial coatings. They are protective and decorative finishes applied at ambient temperatures. Often called Trade Sales Coatings.”
Note 2: Architectural coatings that are designed to give better performance than most conventional coatings because they are tougher and more stain and abrasion resistant are covered by Guide D3730.
1.2 The types of organic coatings covered by this guide are as follows:
(1) Type 1 Interior Latex Flat Wall Paints,
(2) Type 2 Exterior Latex House Paints,
(3) Type 3 Water-Borne Floor Paints, and
(4) Type 4 Interior Latex Semigloss and Gloss Paints.
1.2.1 Each is intended for application by brushing, rolling, spraying or other means to the material appropriate for its type, which may include plaster, masonry, wallboard, wood, steel, previously painted surfaces, and other architectural substrates.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5324 − 16 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Guide for
Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5324; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
for testing water-borne coatings to be used on exterior, interior
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
or both types of surfaces (Note 1). The properties that can be
examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are
2. Referenced Documents
listed in Table 1 and Table 2.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—The term “architectural coating” as used here combines the
D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
definition in Terminology D16 with that in the FSCT Paint/Coatings
Applications
Dictionary, as follows: “Organic coatings intended for on-site applica-
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
tion to interior or exterior surfaces of residential, commercial,
D215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White Linseed
institutional, or industrial buildings, in contrast to industrial coatings.
They are protective and decorative finishes applied at ambient tempera-
Oil Paints (Withdrawn 2005)
tures. Often called Trade Sales Coatings.”
D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by
NOTE 2—Architectural coatings that are designed to give better perfor-
the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts (Withdrawn 2018)
mancethanmostconventionalcoatingsbecausetheyaretougherandmore
D358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels in
stain and abrasion resistant are covered by Guide D3730.
Weathering Tests of Coatings (Withdrawn 2014)
1.2 The types of organic coatings covered by this guide are
D522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached
as follows:
Organic Coatings
(1) Type 1 Interior Latex Flat Wall Paints,
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
(2) Type 2 Exterior Latex House Paints,
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
(3) Type 3 Water-Borne Floor Paints, and
KrebsUnit(KU)ViscosityUsingaStormer-TypeViscom-
(4) Type 4 Interior Latex Semigloss and Gloss Paints.
eter
1.2.1 Each is intended for application by brushing, rolling,
D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
spraying or other means to the material appropriate for its type,
Exterior Paints
which may include plaster, masonry, wallboard, wood, steel,
D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
previously painted surfaces, and other architectural substrates.
Exterior Paints
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Exterior Paints
only.
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
ing) of Exterior Paints
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D869 TestMethodforEvaluatingDegreeofSettlingofPaint
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- Coatings by Falling Abrasive
D1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- Hand and Factory Applied Paints on Wood and Wood
Composite Materials
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D1014 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of
Paints and Coatings on Metal Substrates
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5324 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5324-16R22. the ASTM website.
2 4
Available from Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), 492 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422-2350, http://www.coatingstech.org. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5324 − 16 (2022)
TABLE 1 List of Standards in Sectional Order
ASTM Federal Test Method
Property (or related test) Section
Standard Standard 141D
Sampling 6.2 D3925
Liquid Coating Properties
Condition in container 7.1 3011
Coarse particles and foreign matter 7.2 D185
Density or weight per gallon 7.3 D1475
Fineness of dispersion 7.4 D1210
Odor 7.5 D1296
Colorant acceptance 7.6 D5326
pH 7.7 E70
Package stability 7.8
Heat stability 7.8.1 D1849
Freeze-thaw stability 7.8.2 D2243
Settling 7.8.3 D869
Microorganism resistance 7.8.4 D2574, D3273
Coating Application and Film Formation
Application properties 8.1
Brush application 8.1.1 D5068
Brush drag 8.1.1.1 D4958
Roller application 8.1.2 2112
Roller spatter 8.1.2.1 D4707
Spray application 8.1.3 2131
Touch-up uniformity 8.2 D3928, D7489
Low-temperature coalescence 8.3 D3793, D7306
Rheological properties 8.4
Consistency (Low-shear viscosity) 8.4.1 D562
Rheological properties of non-Newtonian materials 8.4.2 D2196, D4287
Sag resistance 8.4.3 D4400 4494
Levelling properties 8.4.4 D4062
Drying properties 8.5 D1640, D5895
Wet-to-Dry Hiding Change 8.5.1 D5007
Appearance of Dry Film
Color difference 9.1 .
Color appearance 9.1.1
Color differences by visual comparison 9.1.2 D1729
Color differences using instrumental measurements 9.1.3 D2244
Directional reflectance 9.2 E1347
Gloss 9.3
Gloss, 60° 9.3.1 D523
Sheen (85° gloss) 9.3.2 D523
Hiding power 9.4 D344, D2805, D5150
Burnish Resistance 9.5 D6736
Enamel Holdout 9.6 D7786
Properties of Dry Film
Interior and Exterior Coatings 10.1
Abrasion resistance 10.1.1 D968, D4060, D6037 6192
Adhesion 10.1.2 D2197, D3359, D5179
Wet adhesion 10.1.3 D6900 6301
A
Flexibility 10.1.4 D522, D2370 6221
Resistance to household chemicals 10.1.5 D1308
Efflorescence from the film 10.1.6
Efflorescence from the substrate 10.1.7 D7072
Surfactant Stain Resistance 10.1.8 D7190
Interior Finishes 10.2
Block resistance 10.2.1 D4946
Print resistance 10.2.2 D2064
Film porosity 10.2.3 D3258, D6583
Washability and cleansability 10.2.4
Washability 10.2.4.1 D2486, D4213
B
Cleansability 10.2.4.2 D3450, D4828 6141
Ink Stainblocking 10.2.5 D7514
Exterior Coatings 10.3
Adhesion to chalky surfaces 10.3.1 6301
Dirt pick-up 10.3.2 D3719
Fume resistance 10.3.3
Fume resistance test 10.3.3.1
Blister resistance 10.3.4 D4585
Exposure resistance 10.3.5 D1006, D1014
Chalking 10.3.5.2 D4214
Checking 10.3.5.3 D660
Cracking 10.3.5.4 D661
Erosion 10.3.5.5 D662
Flaking 10.3.5.6 D772
Fade resistance 10.3.5.8 D2244
Stain resistance 10.3.6
Tannin Stain Resistance 10.3.6.1 D6686
Coating Analysis
Chemical analysis 11.1 D215
Volatile content 11.2 D2369
Volatile organic content 11.3 D3960
Water content 11.4 D3792, D4017
Pi t t t 11 5 D3723
D5324 − 16 (2022)
TABLE 2 Alphabetical List of Properties
Federal Test
ASTM
Property (or related test) Section Method
Standard
Standard 141D
Abrasion Resistance 10.1.1 D968, D4060, D6037 6192
Adhesion 10.1.2 D2197, D3359
Adhesion to chalky surfaces 10.3.1 6301
Analysis, chemical 11.1 D215
Application properties 8.1
Blister resistance 10.3.4 D4585
Block resistance 10.2.1 D4946
Brush application 8.1.1 D5068
Brush drag 8.1.1.1 D4958
Burnish Resistance 9.5 D6736
Chalking 10.3.5.2 D4214
Checking 10.3.5.3 D660
A
Cleansability 10.2.4.2 D3450, D4828 6141
Coarse particles and foreign matter 7.2 D185
Colorant acceptance 7.6 D5326
Color appearance 9.1.1
Color differences by visual comparison 9.1.2 D1729
Color differences using instrumental measurements 9.1.3 D2244
Condition in container 7.1 3011
Consistency (Low-shear viscosity) 8.4.1 D562
Cracking 10.3.5.4 D661
Density or weight per gal 7.3 D1475
Dirt pick-up 10.3.2 D3719
Drying properties 8.5 D1640, D5895
Efflorescence from the film 10.1.6
Efflorescence from the film substrate 10.1.7 D7072
Enamel Holdout 9.6 D7786
Erosion 10.3.5.5 D662
Exposure resistance 10.3.5 D1006, D1014
Fade resistance 10.3.5.8 D2244
Film porosity 10.2.3 D3258, D6583
Fineness of dispersion 7.4 D1210
Flaking 10.3.5.6 D772
B
Flexibility 10.1.4 D522, D2370 6221
Freeze-thaw stability 7.8.2 D2243
Fume resistance 10.3.3
Gloss 9.3
Gloss, 60° 9.3.1 D523
Heat stability 7.8.1 D1849
Hiding power 9.4 D344, D2805, D5150
Ink Stainblocking 10.2.5 D7514
Levelling properties 8.4.4 D4062
Low-temperature coalescence 8.3 D3793, D7306
Microorganism resistance 7.8.4 D2574, D3273
Nonvolatile vehicle identification 11.7 D3168
Odor 7.5 D1296 4401
Package Stability 7.8
pH 7.7 E70
Pigment analysis 11.6 D215 7261
Pigment content 11.5 D3723
Reflectance, directional 9.2 E1347
Resistance to household chemicals 10.1.5 D1308
Rheological properties of non-Newtonian materials 8.4.2 D2196, D4287
Roller application 8.1.2 D5069
Roller spatter 8.1.2.1 D4707
Sag resistance 8.4.3 D4400 4494
Sampling 6.2 D3925 1022
Settling 7.8.3 D869
Sheen (85° gloss) 9.3.2 D523
Spray application 8.1.3 2131
Stain resistance 10.3.6
Surfactant Staining 10.1.8 D7190
Tannin Stain Resistance 10.3.6.1 D6686
Touch-up uniformity 8.2 D3928, D7489
Volatile content 11.2 D2369
Volatile organic content (VOC) 11.3 D3960
Washability 10.2.4.1 D2486, D4213
Water content 11.4 D3792, D4017
Wet adhesion 10.1.3 6301
Wet-to-Dry Hiding Change 8.5.1 D5007
A
Except for scrub medium.
B
Equivalent only to Method B of Test Methods D522.
D5324 − 16 (2022)
D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment- D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage Pigmented Coatings
D1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and D3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or Sheen
Diluents (Withdrawn 2021) Uniformity
D1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on D3960 PracticeforDeterminingVolatileOrganicCompound
Clear and Pigmented Coating Systems (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, D4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials
and Related Products by Karl Fischer Method
D1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Par- D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
ticle Panel Materials Coatings by the Taber Abraser
D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation D4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down
of Organic Coatings Method
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color D4213 Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Paints by
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials Abrasion Weight Loss
D1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint D4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking
D2064 Test Method for Print Resistance of Architectural of Exterior Paint Films
Paints D4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non- Plate Viscometer
Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer D4400 Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a
D2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Multinotch Applicator
Scrape Adhesion D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
D2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water- Using Controlled Condensation
Borne Coatings D4707 Test Method for Measuring Paint Spatter Resistance
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and During Roller Application
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color D4828 Test Methods for Practical Washability of Organic
Coordinates Coatings
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings D4946 TestMethodforBlockingResistanceofArchitectural
D2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coat- Paints
ings D4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of
D2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall Paints Latex Paints
D2574 Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion Paints in the D5007 Test Method for Wet-to-Dry Hiding Change
Container to Attack by Microorganisms D5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evalu-
D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec- ation
tometry D5069 Practice for Preparation of Paint-Roller Covers for
D3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers in Evaluation of Architectural Coatings
Emulsion Paints D5150 Test Method for Hiding Power of Architectural
D3258 Test Method for Porosity of White or Near White Paints Applied by Roller
Paint Films by Staining D5179 Test Method for Measuring Adhesion of Organic
D3273 TestMethodforResistancetoGrowthofMoldonthe Coatings in the Laboratory by Direct Tensile Method
Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Cham- D5326 Test Method for Color Development in Tinted Latex
ber Paints
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test D5895 Test Methods for Evaluating Drying or Curing Dur-
D3450 Test Method for Washability Properties of Interior ing Film Formation of Organic Coatings Using Mechani-
Architectural Coatings cal Recorders
D3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure Tests D6037 Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of
theSusceptibilityofPaintFilmstoMicrobiologicalAttack High Gloss Coatings
D3719 Test Method for Quantifying Dirt Collection on D6583 Test Method for Porosity of Paint Film by Mineral
Coated Exterior Panels (Withdrawn 2009) Oil Absorption
D3723 Test Method for Pigment Content ofWater-Emulsion D6686 Test Method for Evaluation of Tannin Stain Resis-
Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing tance of Coatings
D3730 Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Archi- D6736 Test Method for Burnish Resistance of Latex Paints
tectural Wall Coatings D6900 Test Method for Wet Adhesion of Latex Paints to a
D3792 Test Method forWater Content of Coatings by Direct Gloss Alkyd Enamel Substrate
Injection Into
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