ASTM D4214-23

Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures provide a broad range of techniques and photographic references to evaluate chalking of exterior paints.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the degree of chalking on white or tinted exterior paint films. These test methods describe the procedures recommended for transferring the chalk to a fabric or fingertip, which is then compared to photographic reference standards, or in the case of adhesive tapes, compared to a reflectance table or photographic reference standards, to determine the degree of chalking.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2023
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.25 - Evaluation of Weathering Effects

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4214-07(2015) - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D7856-21 - Standard Specification for Color and Appearance Retention of Solid and Variegated Color Plastic Siding Products using CIELab Color Space
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D5065-17(2021) - Standard Guide for Assessing the Condition of Aged Coatings on Steel Surfaces
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D5722-20 - Standard Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Factory-Coated Embossed Hardboard Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight and a Soak-Freeze-Thaw Procedure
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D822/D822M-13(2018) - Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D3361/D3361M-22 - Standard Practice for Unfiltered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D662-93(2019) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D1006/D1006M-21 - Standard Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Hand and Factory Applied Paints on Wood and Wood Composite Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E1796-20 - Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Liquid Coating Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D6695-16 - Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D7787/D7787M-13(2022) - Standard Practice for Selecting Wood Substrates for Weathering Evaluations of Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D4141/D4141M-22 - Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D5498-12a(2018) - Standard Guide for Developing a Training Program for Personnel Performing Coating and Lining Work Inspection for Nuclear Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4214 − 23
Standard Test Methods for
1
Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the degree of
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
chalking on white or tinted exterior paint films. These test
methods describe the procedures recommended for transferring
3. Terminology
the chalk to a fabric or fingertip, which is then compared to
3.1 Definitions:
photographic reference standards, or in the case of adhesive
3.1.1 chalking, n—the formation on a pigmented coating of
tapes, compared to a reflectance table or photographic refer-
a friable powder evolved from the film itself at or just beneath
ence standards, to determine the degree of chalking.
the surface.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4. Significance and Use
only.
4.1 The procedures provide a broad range of techniques and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
photographic references to evaluate chalking of exterior paints.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Type of Chalking
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1 Only one type of chalking is recognized, as defined in
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Section 3.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
6. Use of Photographic Reference Standards
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
6.1 The following two photographic reference standards are
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
part of these test methods. Each represents the degree of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
chalking on a paint film. The photographs shown in Fig. 1 and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Fig. 2 are to be used for the evaluation of degree of chalking.
6.2 The use of photographic reference standards Fig. 1 and
2. Referenced Documents
Fig. 2 requires the following precautions:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.2.1 The degree of chalking may vary over any given area.
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
It is important, therefore, to select a representative portion of
Exterior Paints
the coated material to evaluate. On large surfaces, it is
D3330 Test Method for Peel Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive
recommended that the rating be made at several locations and
Tape
the mean and range reported.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
6.2.2 It is difficult to make readings outdoors on a windy
ASTM Test Methods
day, and making readings at such time should be avoided. It
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
should also be noted that rain, snow, or moisture in any form
will remove chalk, so readings should be made after a period of
clear weather and when the surface is dry.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
6.2.3 Chalking and erosion (Note 1) are closely related.
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.25 on Evaluation of Weathering Effects.
However, the rate of chalking as measured by these test
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2023. Published October 2023. Originally
methods, and the rate of erosion may not be comparable
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4214 – 07 (2015).
because some pigment combinations tend to retain chalk on the
DOI: 10.1520/D4214-23.
2
surface while other pigment combinations exert a self-cleaning
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
action by natural means.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. NOTE 1—For the evaluation of erosion, see Test Method D662.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4214 − 07 (Reapproved 2015) D4214 − 23
Standard Test Methods for
1
Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the degree of chalking on white or tinted exterior paint films. These test methods
describe the procedures recommended for transferring the chalk to a fabric or fingertip, which is then compared to photographic
reference standards, or in the case of adhesive tapes, compared to a reflectance table or photographic reference standards, to
determine the degree of chalking.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints
D3330 Test Method for Peel Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tape
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
2.2 Other Document:
3
Pictorial Standards of Coating Defects
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 chalking, n—the formation on a pigmented coating of a friable powder evolved from the film itself at or just beneath the
surface.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.25 on Evaluation of Weathering Effects.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2023. Published June 2015October 2023. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20072015 as
D4214 – 07.D4214 – 07 (2015). DOI: 10.1520/D4214-07R15.10.1520/D4214-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4214 − 23
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The procedures provide a broad range of techniques and photographic references to evaluate chalking of exterior paints.
5. Type of Chalking
5.1 Only one type of chalking is recognized, as defined in Section 3.
6. Use of Photographic Reference Standards
6.1 The photographic following two photographic reference standards that are part of these test methods are representative of the
degreesmethods. Each represents the degree of chalking on a paint film. The photographs shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are for
illustration purposes only and should not be used for evaluation.to be used for the evaluation of degree of chalking.
6.2 The use of photographic reference standards illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 requires the following precautions:
6.2.1 The degree of chalking willmay vary over any given area. Therefore, an average It is important, therefore, to select a
representative portion of the coating should be evaluated.coated material to evaluate. On large surfaces, it is recommended that
the rating be made at several locations and the mean and range reported.
6.2.2 It is difficult to make readingsreadings outdoors on a windy day and day, and making readings at such time should be
avoide
...