ASTM D6300-17
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 ASTM test methods are frequently intended for use in the manufacture, selling, and buying of materials in accordance with specifications and therefore should provide such precision that when the test is properly performed by a competent operator, the results will be found satisfactory for judging the compliance of the material with the specification. Statements addressing precision and bias are required in ASTM test methods. These then give the user an idea of the precision of the resulting data and its relationship to an accepted reference material or source (if available). Statements addressing determinability are sometimes required as part of the test method procedure in order to provide early warning of a significant degradation of testing quality while processing any series of samples.
5.2 Repeatability and reproducibility are defined in the precision section of every Committee D02 test method. Determinability is defined above in Section 3. The relationship among the three measures of precision can be tabulated in terms of their different sources of variation (see Table 1).
TABLE 1 Sources of Variation
Method
Apparatus
Operator
Laboratory
Time
Reproducibility
Complete
Different
Different
Different
Not Specified
(Result)
Repeatability
Complete
Same
Same
Same
Almost same
(Result)
Determinability
Incomplete
Same
Same
Same
Almost same
(Part result)
5.2.1 When used, determinability is a mandatory part of the Procedure section. It will allow operators to check their technique for the sequence of operations specified. It also ensures that a result based on the set of determined values is not subject to excessive variability from that source.
5.3 A bias statement furnishes guidelines on the relationship between a set of test results and a related set of accepted reference values. When t...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the necessary preparations and planning for the conduct of interlaboratory programs for the development of estimates of precision (determinability, repeatability, and reproducibility) and of bias (absolute and relative), and further presents the standard phraseology for incorporating such information into standard test methods.
1.2 This practice is generally limited to homogeneous products with which serious sampling problems do not normally arise.
1.3 This practice may not be suitable for solid or semisolid products such as petroleum coke, industrial pitches, paraffin waxes, greases, or solid lubricants when the heterogeneous properties of the substances create sampling problems. In such instances, consult a trained statistician.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Designation: D6300 − 17 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test
1
Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
2
Both Research Report RR:D02-1007, Manual on Determining Precision Data for ASTM Methods
2
on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and the ISO 4259, benefitted greatly from more than 50 years
of collaboration betweenASTM and the Institute of Petroleum (IP) in the UK. The more recent work
was documented by the IP and has become ISO 4259.
ISO 4259 encompasses both the determination of precision and the application of such precision
2
data. In effect, it combines the type of information in RR:D02-1007 regarding the determination of
the precision estimates and the type of information in Practice D3244 for the utilization of test data.
2
Thefollowingpractice,intendedtoreplaceRR:D02-1007, differsslightlyfromrelatedportionsofthe
ISO standard.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This practice covers the necessary preparations and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
planning for the conduct of interlaboratory programs for the
D3244Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine
development of estimates of precision (determinability,
Conformance with Specifications
repeatability, and reproducibility) and of bias (absolute and
D3606Test Method for Determination of Benzene and
relative), and further presents the standard phraseology for
Toluene in Finished Motor and Aviation Gasoline by Gas
incorporating such information into standard test methods.
Chromatography
D6708Practice for StatisticalAssessment and Improvement
1.2 This practice is generally limited to homogeneous prod-
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
ucts with which serious sampling problems do not normally
Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
arise.
D7915Practice for Application of Generalized Extreme
1.3 This practice may not be suitable for solid or semisolid
Studentized Deviate (GESD) Technique to Simultane-
products such as petroleum coke, industrial pitches, paraffin
ously Identify Multiple Outliers in a Data Set
waxes, greases, or solid lubricants when the heterogeneous
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
properties of the substances create sampling problems. In such
Determine Conformance with Specifications
instances, consult a trained statistician.
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
ASTM Test Methods
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2.2 ISO Standards:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ISO 4259Petroleum Products-Determination and Applica-
4
tion of Precision Data in Relation to Methods of Test
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
3
mittee D02.94 on Coordinating Subcommittee on QualityAssurance and Statistics. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D6300–16a. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6300-17. the ASTM website.
2 4
Supporting data have been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1007. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6300 − 17
3. Terminology Repeatability conditions are those showing the least variation;
reproducibility,theusualmaximumdegreeofvariability.Refer
3.1 Definitions:
to the definitions of each of these terms for greater detail.
3.1.1 analysis of variance (ANOVA), n—technique
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6300 − 16a D6300 − 17 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test
1
Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
2
Both Research Report RR:D02-1007, Manual on Determining Precision Data for ASTM Methods
2
on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and the ISO 4259, benefitted greatly from more than 50 years
of collaboration between ASTM and the Institute of Petroleum (IP) in the UK. The more recent work
was documented by the IP and has become ISO 4259.
ISO 4259 encompasses both the determination of precision and the application of such precision
2
data. In effect, it combines the type of information in RR:D02-1007 regarding the determination of
the precision estimates and the type of information in Practice D3244 for the utilization of test data.
2
The following practice, intended to replace RR:D02-1007, differs slightly from related portions of the
ISO standard.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the necessary preparations and planning for the conduct of interlaboratory programs for the
development of estimates of precision (determinability, repeatability, and reproducibility) and of bias (absolute and relative), and
further presents the standard phraseology for incorporating such information into standard test methods.
1.2 This practice is generally limited to homogeneous products with which serious sampling problems do not normally arise.
1.3 This practice may not be suitable for solid or semisolid products such as petroleum coke, industrial pitches, paraffin waxes,
greases, or solid lubricants when the heterogeneous properties of the substances create sampling problems. In such instances,
consult a trained statistician.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
D3606 Test Method for Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Finished Motor and Aviation Gasoline by Gas Chromatog-
raphy
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport
to Measure the Same Property of a Material
D7915 Practice for Application of Generalized Extreme Studentized Deviate (GESD) Technique to Simultaneously Identify
Multiple Outliers in a Data Set
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.94 on Coordinating Subcommittee on Quality Assurance and Statistics.
Current edition approved July 1, 2016May 1, 2017. Published August 2016June 2017. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
D6300 – 16.D6300 – 16a. DOI: 10.1520/D6300-16A.10.1520/D6300-17.
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1007.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6300 − 17
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2.2 ISO Standards:
4
ISO 4259 Petroleum Products-Determination and Application of Precision Data in Relation to Methods of Test
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3
...
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