ASTM D1822-13

Standard Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tensile-impact energy is the energy required to break a standard tension-impact specimen in tension by a single swing of a standard calibrated pendulum under a set of standard conditions (see Note 2). To compensate for the minor differences in cross-sectional area of the specimens, the energy to break is normalized to units of kilojoules per square metre (or foot-pounds-force per square inch) of minimum cross-sectional area. An alternative approach to normalizing the impact energy that compensates for these minor differences and still retains the test unit as joules (foot-pounds) is shown in Section 10. For a perfectly elastic material, the impact energy is usually reported per unit volume of material undergoing deformation. However, since much of the energy to break the plastic materials for which this test method is written is dissipated in drawing of only a portion of the test region, such normalization on a volume basis is not feasible. In order to observe the effect of elongation or rate of extension, or both, upon the result, the test method permits two specimen geometries. Results obtained with different capacity machines generally are not comparable.  
5.1.1 With the Type S (short) specimen the extension is comparatively low, while with the Type L (long) specimen the extension is comparatively high. In general, the Type S specimen (with its greater occurrence of brittle fracture) gives greater reproducibility, but less differentiation among materials.Note 2—Friction losses are largely eliminated by careful design and proper operation of the testing machine.  
5.2 Scatter of data is sometimes attributed to different failure mechanisms within a group of specimens. Some materials exhibit a transition between different failure mechanisms. If so, the elongation will be critically dependent on the rate of extension encountered in the test. The impact energy values for a group of such specimens will have an abnormally large dispersion.  
5.2.1 Some materials...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy required to rupture standard tension-impact specimens of plastic or electrical insulating materials. Rigid materials are suitable for testing by this method as well as specimens that are too flexible or thin to be tested in accordance with other impact test methods.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.Note 1—This test method and ISO 8256 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2013
• ICS: 29.035.20 - Plastics and rubber insulating materials
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.10 - Mechanical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1822 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Tensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and Electrical
1
Insulating Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 8256 Plastics—Determination of Tensile-Impact
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy
Strength
required to rupture standard tension-impact specimens of
plastic or electrical insulating materials. Rigid materials are
3. Terminology
suitablefortestingbythismethodaswellasspecimensthatare
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms applying to this test
tooflexibleorthintobetestedinaccordancewithotherimpact
method appear in Terminology D883.
test methods.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 4.1 The energy utilized in this test method is delivered by a
single swing of a calibrated pendulum of a standardized
only.
tension-impactmachine.Theenergytofractureaspecimen,by
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 8256 address the same subject
shock in tension, is determined by the kinetic energy extracted
matter, but differ in technical content.
from the pendulum of the impact machine in the process of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
breakingthespecimen.Oneendofthespecimenismountedin
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the pendulum. The other end of the specimen is gripped by a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
crosshead which travels with the pendulum until the instant of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
impact (and instant of maximum pendulum kinetic energy),
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
when the crosshead is arrested.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
2 5.1 Tensile-impact energy is the energy required to break a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
standard tension-impact specimen in tension by a single swing
D256Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum
of a standard calibrated pendulum under a set of standard
Impact Resistance of Plastics
conditions (see Note 2). To compensate for the minor differ-
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
ences in cross-sectional area of the specimens, the energy to
D638Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
break is normalized to units of kilojoules per square metre (or
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
foot-pounds-forcepersquareinch)ofminimumcross-sectional
D4000Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
area.Analternativeapproachtonormalizingtheimpactenergy
als
that compensates for these minor differences and still retains
D5947Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
thetestunitasjoules(foot-pounds)isshowninSection10.For
Plastics Specimens
a perfectly elastic material, the impact energy is usually
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
reported per unit volume of material undergoing deformation.
ASTM Test Methods
However, since much of the energy to break the plastic
materials for which this test method is written is dissipated in
drawingofonlyaportionofthetestregion,suchnormalization
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
on a volume basis is not feasible. In order to observe the effect
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
of elongation or rate of extension, or both, upon the result, the
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally
test method permits two specimen geometries. Results ob-
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D1822-06.
DOI:10.1520/D1822–13.
tained with different capacity machines generally are not
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
comparable.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.1 With the Type S (short) specimen the extension is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. DOI: 10.1520/D1822-06. comparatively low, while with the Type L(long) specimen the
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D1822 − 13
extension is comparatively high. In general, the Type S 6. Apparatus
specimen (with its greater occurrence of brittle fracture) gives
6.1 The machine shal
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1822 − 06 D1822 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Tensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and Electrical
1
Insulating Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy required to rupture standard tension-impact specimens of plastic
or electrical insulating materials. Materials that can be tested Rigid materials are suitable for testing by this test method are those
method as well as specimens that are too flexible or too thin to be tested in accordance with Test Methodsother impact D256, as
well as more rigid materials. test methods.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in bracketsparentheses are for information
only.
NOTE 1—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 8256, and resultsand ISO 8256 cannot be directly compared between the two methods.address the
same subject matter, but differ in technical content.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1822 Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
3
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D4066D5947 Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extrusion Materials (PA)Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of
Solid Plastics Specimens
E23E177 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic MaterialsPractice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias
in ASTM Test Methods
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 8256 Plastics—Determination of Tensile-Impact Strength
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms applying to this test method appear in Terminology D883.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The energy utilized in this test method is delivered by a single swing of a calibrated pendulum of a standardized
tension-impact machine. The energy to fracture a specimen, by shock in tension, is determined by the kinetic energy extracted from
the pendulum of anthe impact machine in the process of breaking the specimen. One end of the specimen is mounted in the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved March 15, 2006Sept. 1, 2013. Published March 2006November 2013. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 19992006
as D1822D1822 - 06. - 99. DOI:10.1520/D1822–13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. DOI: 10.1520/D1822-06.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1822 − 13
FIG. 1 Specimen-in-Head Tension-Impact Machine
pendulum. The other end of the specimen is gripped by a crosshead which travels with the pendulum until the instant of impact
and(and instant of maximum pendulum kinetic energy,energy), when the crosshead is arrested.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Tensile-impact energy is the energy required to break a standard tension-impact specimen in tension by a single swing of
a standard calibrated pendulum under a set of standard conditions ((see Note 2). In order to To compensate for the minor differences
in cross-sectional area of the specimens as they will occur in the preparation of the specimens, the energy to break can be is
normalized to units of kilojoules per square metre (or foot-pounds-force per squar
...