ASTM E1085-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. This test method provides rapid, multielement determinations with sufficient accuracy to ensure product quality and minimize production delays. The analytical performance data may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular X-ray spectrometer has changed.
Calcium is sometimes added to steel to effect inclusion shape control in order to enhance certain mechanical properties of steel. This test method is useful for determining the residual calcium in the steel after such treatment.
Because calcium occurs primarily in inclusions, the precision of this test method is a function of the distribution of the calcium-bearing inclusions in the steel. The variation of determinations on freshly prepared surfaces will give some indication of the distribution of these inclusions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of low-alloy steels for the following elements:
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.
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Designation: E1085 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels by X-Ray Fluorescence
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1085; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1361 Guide for Correction of Interelement Effects in
1.1 This test method covers the wavelength dispersive
X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis
X-ray fluorescence analysis of low-alloy steels for the follow-
E1621 Guide for X-Ray Emission Spectrometric Analysis
ing elements:
Element Concentration Range, %
3. Terminology
Calcium 0.001 to 0.007
Chromium 0.04 to 2.5
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
Cobalt 0.03 to 0.2
Copper 0.03 to 0.6 Terminology E135.
Manganese 0.04 to 2.5
Molybdenum 0.005 to 1.5
4. Summary of Test Method
Nickel 0.04 to 3.0
Niobium 0.002 to 0.1
4.1 The test specimen is finished to a clean uniform surface
Phosphorus 0.010 to 0.08
and then irradiated with an X-ray beam of high energy. The
Silicon 0.06 to 1.5
Sulfur 0.009 to 0.1
secondary X-rays produced are dispersed by means of crystals,
Vanadium 0.012 to 0.6
and the intensities are measured by suitable detectors at
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
selected wavelengths. Radiation measurements are made based
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
on the time required to reach a fixed number of counts, or on
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
thetotalcountsobtainedforafixedtime.Concentrationsofthe
and are not considered standard.
elements are determined by relating the measured radiation of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the unknownspecimenstoanalyticalcurvespreparedwithsuitable
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the reference materials. Either a fixed-channel, polychromator
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- system or a sequential, monochromator system may be used to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- providesimultaneousorsequentialdeterminationsofelements.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in Section 10. 5. Significance and Use
5.1 Thisprocedureissuitableformanufacturingcontroland
2. Referenced Documents
for verifying that the product meets specifications. This test
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
method provides rapid, multielement determinations with suf-
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
ficient accuracy to ensure product quality and minimize pro-
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
duction delays. The analytical performance data may be used
E305 Practice for Establishing and Controlling Atomic
as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers
Emission Spectrochemical Analytical Curves
provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the perfor-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
mance of a particular X-ray spectrometer has changed.
5.2 Calcium is sometimes added to steel to effect inclusion
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on shapecontrolinordertoenhancecertainmechanicalproperties
Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct
of steel. This test method is useful for determining the residual
responsibility of Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys.
calcium in the steel after such treatment.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
5.2.1 Because calcium occurs primarily in inclusions, the
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1085 – 95 (2004).
DOI: 10.1520/E1085-09.
precision of this test method is a function of the distribution of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the calcium-bearing inclusions in the steel. The variation of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
determinations on freshly prepared surfaces will give some
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. indication of the distribution of these inclusions.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1085 − 09
6. Interferences pressure, usually 13 Pa (100 µm Hg) or less, controlled to
63Pa(6 20 µm Hg).
6.1 Interelement or matrix effects may exist for some of the
7.4 Measuring System, consisting of electronic circuits ca-
elements
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:E1085–95(Reapproved 2004) Designation:E1085–09
Standard Test Method for
X-Ray Emission Spectrometric Analysis of Low-Alloy
SteelsAnalysis of Low-Alloy Steels by X-Ray Fluorescence
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1085; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Reference to the Research Report in Section 16 and the footnote were editorially removed in January 2009.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometricfluorescence analysis of low-alloy steels for the
following elements:
Element Concentration Range, %
Nickel
Calcium 0.001 to 0.007
Chromium 0.04 to 2.5
Cobalt 0.03 to 0.2
Copper 0.03 to 0.6
Manganese 0.04 to 2.5 Silicon
Molybdenum 0.005 to 1.5 Copper
Vanadium 0.012 to 0.6
Cobalt 0.03 to 0.2
Sulfur 0.009 to 0.1
Nickel 0.04 to 3.0
Niobium 0.002 to 0.1
Phosphorus 0.010 to 0.08
Calcium 0.001 to 0.0070.06 to
1.5
Silicon 0.06 to 1.5
Sulfur 0.009 to 0.1
Vanadium 0.012 to 0.6
1.2
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E305 Practice for Establishing and Controlling Atomic Emission Spectrochemical Analytical Curves
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1361 Guide for Correction of Interelement Effects in X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004.2009. Published November 2004.December 2009. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20002004 as
E1085 – 95 (20004). DOI: 10.1520/E1085-95R04E01.10.1520/E1085-09.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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E1085–09
E1622Practice for Correction of Spectral Line Overlap in Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry 1621 Guide for X-Ray
Emission Spectrometric Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology E135.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test specimen is finished to a clean uniform surface and then irradiated with an X-ray beam of high energy. The
secondary X-rays produced are dispersed by means of crystals, and the intensities are measured by suitable detectors at selected
wavelengths.Radiationmeasurementsaremadebasedonthetimerequiredtoreachafixednumberofcounts,oronthetotalcounts
obtained for a fixed time. Concentrations of the elements are determined by relating the measured radiation of unknown specimens
to analytical curves prepared with suitable reference materials. Either a fixed-channel, polychromator system or a sequential,
monochromator system may be used to provide simultaneous or sequential determinations of elements.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Thisprocedureissuitableformanufacturingcontrolandforverifyingthattheproductmeetsspecifications.Thistestmethod
provides rapid, multielement determinations with sufficient accuracy to ensure product quality and minimize production delays.
The analytical performance data may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent
precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular X-ray spectrometer has changed.
5.2 C
...
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