ASTM B949-23

Standard Specification for General Requirements for Zinc and Zinc Alloy Products

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes general requirements, unless otherwise specified in the specific product specification, for zinc and zinc alloy products. Final product (ingots, slabs, jumbos, etc.) shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in the applicable product specification. The determination of chemical composition shall be made in accordance with suitable spectrochemical or chemical methods. Methods of sampling for chemical analysis includes: (1) sampling during casting of ingots, slabs, blocks or jumbos, and wrought products, (2) sampling in the event of a dispute or if the alloy is at the customer’s plant, (3) sampling of zinc alloy ingots for routine testing, nominal quality, non-dispute situations, and (4) sampling of final product castings. Sampling may be done by sawing, milling, drilling, turning, or clipping. Color code requirements for the alloy are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes general requirements, unless otherwise specified in the specific product specification, for ordering information, marking, and sampling for chemical analysis common to zinc and zinc alloy products and shall apply to Specifications B6, B69, B86, B240, B327, B418, B750, B792, B793, B833, B852, B860, B892, B894, B897, B907, B943, B960, B989, B997, B1013, and B1022 to the extent referenced therein.  
1.2 Although this specification establishes general requirements, it does not restrict that, by agreement between customer and supplier, these requirements may be altered by a customer to suit individual need.  
1.3 The chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties, and all other requirements not included in this specification shall be prescribed in the product specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. This applies except where SI units only are specified.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2023
• ICS: 77.150.60 - Lead, zinc and tin products
• Technical Committee: B02 - Nonferrous Metals and Alloys
• Drafting Committee: B02.04 - Zinc and Cadmium

Relations

• Refers: ASTM B86-23 - Standard Specification for Zinc and Zinc-Aluminum (ZA) Alloy Foundry and Die Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM B833-20 - Standard Specification for Zinc and Zinc Alloy Wire for Thermal Spraying (Metallizing) for the Corrosion Protection of Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2020
• Refers: ASTM B989-19 - Standard Specification for High Fluidity (HF) Zinc-Aluminum Alloy in Ingot Form for Thin Wall Die Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM E88-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017
• Refers: ASTM B860-17 - Standard Specification for Zinc Master Alloys for Use in Hot Dip Galvanizing
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2017
• Refers: ASTM B899-16 - Standard Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals and Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2016
• Refers: ASTM B418-16 - Standard Specification for Cast and Wrought Galvanic Zinc Anodes
• Effective Date: 01-May-2016
• Refers: ASTM B860-16 - Standard Specification for Zinc Master Alloys for Use in Hot Dip Galvanizing
• Effective Date: 01-May-2016
• Refers: ASTM B852-16 - Standard Specification for Continuous Galvanizing Grade (CGG) Zinc Alloys for Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Sheet Steel
• Effective Date: 01-May-2016
• Refers: ASTM B997-16 - Standard Specification for Zinc-Aluminum Alloys in Ingot Form for Hot-Dip Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-May-2016
• Refers: ASTM B899-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals and Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2015
• Refers: ASTM B860-15 - Standard Specification for Zinc Master Alloys for Use in Hot Dip Galvanizing
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2015
• Refers: ASTM B792-15 - Standard Specification for Zinc Alloys in Ingot Form for Slush Casting
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015
• Refers: ASTM B793-15 - Standard Specification for Zinc Casting Alloy Ingot for Sheet Metal Forming Dies and Plastic Injection Molds
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015
• Refers: ASTM B997-15 - Standard Specification for Zinc-Aluminum Alloys in Ingot Form for Hot-Dip Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015

Overview

ASTM B949-23: Standard Specification for General Requirements for Zinc and Zinc Alloy Products establishes the foundational requirements for the ordering, marking, sampling, and chemical analysis of zinc and zinc alloy products. Developed by ASTM International, this specification serves as a universal guideline applicable to a broad range of zinc and zinc alloy products, helping ensure consistency in quality and traceability within the supply chain. The standard applies to ingots, slabs, jumbos, blocks, and related forms and is meant to work in conjunction with individual product specifications, which detail specific chemical, physical, and mechanical properties for particular industrial applications.

Key Topics

• General Requirements: Outlines universal ordering, marking, and sampling practices for zinc and zinc alloy products.
• Chemical Composition: Specifies that products must meet the chemical requirements as defined in the relevant product specification. Results are determined through spectrochemical or chemical analysis.
• Sampling Methods: Provides detailed instructions for sampling during casting, at customer locations, for routine and dispute analysis, and for final product castings. Common methods include sawing, milling, drilling, turning, or clipping.
• Marking and Identification: Details marking requirements for identification, including producer branding, batch numbers, grade identification, and mass. Bundles or blocks must include color coding for rapid verification according to specified color codes.
• Packaging and Handling: States that zinc and zinc alloy products must be packaged to protect from corrosion and contamination during handling and transit.
• Inspection and Testing: Allows for purchaser inspection and addresses procedures for lot rejection, resubmittal, and certification of conformity.
• Scope and Flexibility: While it sets general requirements, modifications to these requirements are allowed by agreement between purchaser and supplier.

Applications

The ASTM B949-23 standard supports a wide range of industries that use zinc and zinc alloy materials, fostering quality assurance and specification alignment. Typical applications include:

• Die Casting: Ensures consistency and material suitability for die cast components in automotive, electronics, and hardware manufacturing.
• Galvanizing: Supports the production of zinc anodes and alloys for hot-dip galvanizing, protecting iron and steel against corrosion.
• Thermal Spraying: Guides the selection and preparation of zinc and zinc alloy wire used to protect steel structures via metallizing.
• Foundry and Casting: Provides baseline requirements for ingots and alloys used in foundry and slush casting processes.
• Construction and Infrastructure: Facilitates quality assurance for zinc-based components in roofing, façade elements, and structural steel protection.
• Soldering Applications: Covers general requirements for zinc alloys used in brazing and soldering.

By defining ordering and inspection processes, the standard minimizes disputes and ensures traceability and uniformity in batch production, contributing to efficient procurement and quality control.

Related Standards

ASTM B949-23 is referenced alongside numerous specific product standards and practices, which detail requirements for particular forms and alloy types. Key related standards include:

• ASTM B6: Specification for Zinc
• ASTM B69: Specification for Rolled Zinc
• ASTM B86, B240, B327: Specifications for Zinc and Zinc-Aluminum Alloy Castings, Ingots, and Master Alloys
• ASTM B418: Specification for Galvanic Zinc Anodes
• ASTM B833: Specification for Zinc and Zinc Alloy Wire for Thermal Spraying
• ASTM B852, B860: Specifications for Zinc Alloys in Galvanizing Applications
• ASTM B899: Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals and Alloys
• ASTM B908, B914: Practices for Color Coding of Zinc Alloys
• ISO 20081: International standard for zinc and zinc alloy sampling methods

These associated documents should be consulted for detailed requirements specific to product form, application, or regional market.

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Keywords: ASTM B949, zinc alloys, zinc products, chemical analysis, sampling, zinc ingots, zinc castings, zinc standards, material specification, color coding, galvanizing alloys, thermal spraying.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B949 − 23
Standard Specification for
General Requirements for Zinc and Zinc Alloy Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B949; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification establishes general requirements, un- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
B6 Specification for Zinc
less otherwise specified in the specific product specification,
B69 Specification for Rolled Zinc
for ordering information, marking, and sampling for chemical
B86 Specification for Zinc and Zinc-Aluminum (ZA) Alloy
analysis common to zinc and zinc alloy products and shall
Foundry and Die Castings
apply to Specifications B6, B69, B86, B240, B327, B418,
B240 Specification for Zinc and Zinc-Aluminum (ZA) Al-
B750, B792, B793, B833, B852, B860, B892, B894, B897,
loys in Ingot Form for Foundry and Die Castings
B907, B943, B960, B989, B997, B1013, and B1022 to the
B327 Specification for Master Alloys Used in Making Zinc
extent referenced therein.
Die Casting Alloys
1.2 Although this specification establishes general
B418 Specification for Cast and Wrought Galvanic Zinc
requirements, it does not restrict that, by agreement between
Anodes
customer and supplier, these requirements may be altered by a
B750 Specification for GALFAN (Zinc-5 % Aluminum-
customer to suit individual need.
Mischmetal) Alloy in Ingot Form for Hot-Dip Coatings
1.3 The chemical composition, physical and mechanical
B792 Specification for Zinc Alloys in Ingot Form for Slush
properties, and all other requirements not included in this
Casting
specification shall be prescribed in the product specification.
B793 Specification for Zinc Casting Alloy Ingot for Sheet
Metal Forming Dies and Plastic Injection Molds
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
B833 Specification for Zinc and Zinc Alloy Wire for Ther-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
mal Spraying (Metallizing) for the Corrosion Protection of
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Steel
and are not considered standard. This applies except where SI
B852 Specification for Continuous Galvanizing Grade
units only are specified.
(CGG) Zinc Alloys for Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Sheet
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Steel
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
B860 Specification for Zinc Master Alloys for Use in Hot
responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar
Dip Galvanizing
with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate
B892 Specification for ACuZinc5 (Zinc-Copper-Aluminum)
Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the
Alloy in Ingot Form for Die Castings (Withdrawn 2022)
manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and
B894 Specification for ACuZinc5 (Zinc-Copper-Aluminum)
environmental practices, and determine the applicability of
Alloy Die Castings (Withdrawn 2022)
regulatory limitations prior to use.
B897 Specification for Configuration of Zinc and Zinc Alloy
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Jumbo, Block, Half Block, and Slab Ingot
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
B899 Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals and Al-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
loys
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
B907 Specification for Zinc, Tin and Cadmium Base Alloys
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Used as Solders
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
B908 Practice for the Use of Color Codes for Zinc Casting
Alloy Ingot
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
B02.04 on Zinc and Cadmium. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as B949 – 18. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/B0949-23. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B949 − 23
B914 Practice for Color Codes on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Ingot 4.2 Additional ordering information for specific zinc and
for Use in Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Steel zinc alloy products:
B943 Specification for Zinc and Tin Alloy Wire Used in 4.2.1 There may be additional information required when
Thermal Spraying for Electronic Applications ordering specific products. These may be found in the product
B960 Specification for Prime Western Grade-Recycled specifications listed in 2.1 (Specifications B6, B69, B86, B240,
(PWG-R) Zinc B327, B418, B750, B792, B793, B833, B852, B860, B892,
B989 Specification for High Fluidity (HF) Zinc-Aluminum B894, B897, B907, B943, B960, B989, B997, B1013, and
Alloy in Ingot Form for Thin Wall Die Castings B1022).
B997 Specification for Zinc-Aluminum Alloys in Ingot
4.3 Specifications for material may be altered by agreement
Form for Hot-Dip Coatings
between customer and supplier to suit individual need. If the
B1013 Specification for High Fluidity (HF) Zinc-Aluminum
agreed upon chemistry falls outside the limits of the appropri-
Alloy Thin Wall Die Castings
ate standard, then the material does not meet all requirements
B1022 Specification for Zinc-Aluminum-Magnesium Alloys
of the standard.
in Ingot Form for Coating Steel Sheet by the Hot-Dip
Process
5. Chemical Requirements
E55 Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and
5.1 Final product (ingots, slabs, jumbos, etc.) shall conform
Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition
to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in the
E88 Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in
applicable product specification (see 2.1: Specifications B6,
Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition
B69, B86, B240, B327, B418, B750, B792, B793, B833, B852,
E634 Practice for Sampling of Zinc and Zinc Alloys for
B860, B892, B894, B897, B907, B943, B960, B989, B997,
Analysis by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
B1013, and B1022).
2.2 ISO Standards:
5.2 Conformance shall be determined by the manufacturer
ISO 20081 Zinc and zinc alloys – Method of sampling –
by analyzing samples taken at the time the final product is
Specifications
poured or samples taken from the ingots.
5.2.1 If the producer has determined the chemical compo-
3. Terminology
sition of the metal during the course of manufacture, he shall
3.1 For terms related to non-ferrous metals and alloys, refer
not be required to sample and analyze the finished product.
to Terminology B899 and the product specifications.
6. Sampling for Determination of Chemical Composition
4. Ordering Information
6.1 Samples for Spectrochemical and Other Methods of
4.1 Where applicable include the following minimum infor-
Analysis—Samples for spectrochemical and other methods of
mation when placing orders for zinc and zinc alloy products
analysis shall be suitable for the form of material being
under this specification:
analyzed and the type of analytical method used.
4.1.1 ASTM designation and latest year of issue (see
6.2 Sampling During Production of Ingots, Slabs, Blocks or
Scope),
Jumbos, and Wrought Products:
4.1.2 Quantity (weight),
6.2.1 Sampling During Casting—Samples may be taken
4.1.3 Alloy or grade, or both, (when applicable),
from the pour during the casting of zinc and zinc alloys.
4.1.4 Size,
6.2.1.1 Samples for spectrochemical methods may be cast
4.1.4.1 For zinc metal and alloy ingot, if not the manufac-
as pins or discs in accordance with Practice E634 for spectro-
turer’s standard:
chemical analyses or may be cast in a form or by a method the
a) Zinc metal slabs varying in weight from 40 to 60 lb (18 to
producer has determined will generate a homogeneous and
27 kg) are all considered standard slabs.
representative sample.
b) Zinc metal may also be ordered in jumbos, blocks,
6.2.1.2 The producer should determine the sampling regi-
anodes, or other shapes (in accordance with Specification
men that will efficiently result in samples that are representa-
B897).
tive of the product. As a suggested minimum, at least two
4.1.4.2 For castings and other zinc alloy products, see the
sample sets shall be taken for batches of 25 tons (22.7 mTons)
specific product specification for size requirement information.
or less. At least three sample sets shall be taken for batches up
4.1.5 Delivery schedule,
to 150 tons (136 mTons). The average chemical analyses shall
4.1.6 Marking (Section 16),
be determined from these samples. Unless otherwise agreed in
4.1.7 Whether certification is required (Section 15),
the contact or purchase order, sampling procedure will be the
4.1.8 Appearance—the product shall be reasonably free
manufacturer’s choice.
from surface corrosion and adhering foreign matter, and
6.2.2 Samples held at the producer’s plant shall be retained
4.1.9 Source inspection must be specified at the time of
for not less than 90 days.
order (Section 13).
6.3 Sampling of Ingot, Slabs, or Blocks and Jumbos and
Wrought Product in the Event of a Dispute or if the Alloy is at
the Customer’s Plant—The sample for chemical analysis shall
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. be taken based on the form of the product.
B949 − 23
6.3.1 Ingot, Slabs, or Product in an Easily Sampled manufacturer, one for the purchaser, and one for a referee, if
Form—If the alloy is in the form of standard ingots, slabs, etc. necessary. Tight, leak-proof, paper sample envelopes or card-
at the customer’s plant, the sample for chemical analysis shall board cartons may be used to hold the sample.
be taken in accordance with 6.3.1.1 – 6.3.1.6 , inclusive.
6.3.2 An optional method of sampling for analysis may be
6.3.1.1 Selection of Portion—A portion representative of the
by melting together the representative portions selected and
total shipment or order shall be selected at random for the final
then sampling the liquid composite by casting suitable speci-
sample. The portion preferably shall be taken during loading or
mens for either spectrographic or chemical analysis.
unloading. Not less than five ingots shall be taken at random
6.3.2.1 Care must be taken to ensure that the melt is stirred,
from each car or truckload of the same alloy for sampling.
homogenous, and representative, since it is possible to alter the
Each heat in the shipment shall be represented. If the shipment
composition during remelting.
is less than a carload lot, one sample ingot shall be taken for
6.3.3 Samples for chemical analysis may also be in the form
each 10 000 lb (4540 kg) or fraction thereof. When it is deemed
of a separately cast spectrographic disc specimen taken from
necessary, a sample may be taken from each melt of 1000 lb
the same pour used to cast the product.
(454 kg) or more.
6.3.4 Sampling of Blocks or Jumbos—Representative
6.3.1.2 Preparation of Sample—The product shall be
samples cannot be obtained from large castings (except for
cleaned thoroughly to rid the surface of extraneous material.
remelting the entire ingot in a separate furnace and then taking
Then the samples for chemical analysis shall be taken by
a sample) because of the potential for segregation. Therefore,
sawing, milling, or drilling in such a manner as to be
alloy cast in block form shall be sampled from the pour.
representative of the average cross section of the ingot. The
6.3.4.1 Sampling of Blocks or Jumbos for Nominal
weight of a prepared sample shall be not less than 300 g.
Composition—Drillings taken from the sides of blocks or
6.3.1.3 The saw drill, or cutter used for taking the sample
jumbos may be used to differentiate alloys, however, as noted
shall be thoroughly cleaned. No lubricant shall be used in the
in 6.3.4 there is no guarantee of obtaining a representative
operation, and the sawings or metal chips shall be carefully
sample for conformance determination.
treated with a magnet to remove any particles or iron intro-
duced in taking the sample. 6.3.5 Sampling Wrought Product:
6.3.5.1 The sampling plan for zinc for purposes of chemical
NOTE 1—Sampling by sawing is not recommended for Special High
analysis or mechanical property testing shall be designed such
Grade zinc because complete removal of the final
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B949 − 18 B949 − 23
Standard Specification for
General Requirements for Zinc and Zinc Alloy Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B949; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification establishes general requirements, unless otherwise specified in the specific product specification, for
ordering information, marking, and sampling for chemical analysis common to zinc and zinc alloy products and shall apply to
Specifications B6, B69, B86, B240, B327, B418, B750, B792, B793, B833, B852, B860, B892, B894, B897, B907, B943,
B960and, B960B989, B997, B1013, and B1022 to the extent referenced therein.
1.2 Although this specification establishes general requirements, it does not restrict that, by agreement between customer and
supplier, these requirements may be altered by a customer to suit individual need.
1.3 The chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties, and all other requirements not included in this specification
shall be prescribed in the product specification.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. This applies except where SI units
only are specified.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Data Sheet (SDS) for
this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B6 Specification for Zinc
B69 Specification for Rolled Zinc
B86 Specification for Zinc and Zinc-Aluminum (ZA) Alloy Foundry and Die Castings
B240 Specification for Zinc and Zinc-Aluminum (ZA) Alloys in Ingot Form for Foundry and Die Castings
B327 Specification for Master Alloys Used in Making Zinc Die Casting Alloys
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B02.04 on Zinc
and Cadmium.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018April 1, 2023. Published January 2019May 2023. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20132018 as
B949B949 – 18. – 13. DOI: 10.1520/B0949-18. DOI: 10.1520/B0949-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B949 − 23
B418 Specification for Cast and Wrought Galvanic Zinc Anodes
B750 Specification for GALFAN (Zinc-5 % Aluminum-Mischmetal) Alloy in Ingot Form for Hot-Dip Coatings
B792 Specification for Zinc Alloys in Ingot Form for Slush Casting
B793 Specification for Zinc Casting Alloy Ingot for Sheet Metal Forming Dies and Plastic Injection Molds
B833 Specification for Zinc and Zinc Alloy Wire for Thermal Spraying (Metallizing) for the Corrosion Protection of Steel
B852 Specification for Continuous Galvanizing Grade (CGG) Zinc Alloys for Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Sheet Steel
B860 Specification for Zinc Master Alloys for Use in Hot Dip Galvanizing
B892 Specification for ACuZinc5 (Zinc-Copper-Aluminum) Alloy in Ingot Form for Die Castings (Withdrawn 2022)
B894 Specification for ACuZinc5 (Zinc-Copper-Aluminum) Alloy Die Castings (Withdrawn 2022)
B897 Specification for Configuration of Zinc and Zinc Alloy Jumbo, Block, Half Block, and Slab Ingot
B899 Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals and Alloys
B907 Specification for Zinc, Tin and Cadmium Base Alloys Used as Solders
B908 Practice for the Use of Color Codes for Zinc Casting Alloy Ingot
B914 Practice for Color Codes on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Ingot for Use in Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Steel
B943 Specification for Zinc and Tin Alloy Wire Used in Thermal Spraying for Electronic Applications
B960 Specification for Prime Western Grade-Recycled (PWG-R) Zinc
B989 Specification for High Fluidity (HF) Zinc-Aluminum Alloy in Ingot Form for Thin Wall Die Castings
B997 Specification for Zinc-Aluminum Alloys in Ingot Form for Hot-Dip Coatings
B1013 Specification for High Fluidity (HF) Zinc-Aluminum Alloy Thin Wall Die Castings
B1022 Specification for Zinc-Aluminum-Magnesium Alloys in Ingot Form for Coating Steel Sheet by the Hot-Dip Process
E55 Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition
E88 Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition
E634 Practice for Sampling of Zinc and Zinc Alloys for Analysis by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 20081 Zinc and zinc alloys – Method of sampling – Specifications
3. Terminology
3.1 For terms related to non-ferrous metals and alloys, refer to Terminology B899. and the product specifications.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Where applicable include the following minimum information when placing orders for zinc and zinc alloy products under this
specification:
4.1.1 ASTM designation and latest year of issue (see Scope),
4.1.2 Quantity (weight),
4.1.3 Alloy or grade, or both, (when applicable),
4.1.4 Size,
4.1.4.1 For zinc metal and alloy ingot, if not the manufacturer’s standard:
a) Zinc metal slabs varying in weight from 40 to 60 lb (18 to 27 kg) are all considered standard slabs.
b) Zinc metal may also be ordered in jumbos, blocks, anodes, or other shapes (in accordance with Specification B897).
4.1.4.2 For castings and other zinc alloy products, see the specific product specification for size requirement information.
4.1.5 Delivery schedule,
4.1.6 Marking (Section 16),
4.1.7 Whether certification is required (Section 15),
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
B949 − 23
4.1.8 Appearance—the product shall be reasonably free from surface corrosion and adhering foreign matter, and
4.1.9 Source inspection must be specified at the time of order (Section 13).
4.2 Additional ordering information for specific zinc and zinc alloy products:
4.2.1 There may be additional information required when ordering specific products. These may be found in the product
specifications listed in 2.1 (Specifications B6, B69, B86, B240, B327, B418, B750, B792, B793, B833, B852, B860, B892, B894,
B897, B907, B943, B960and, B960B989, B997, B1013, and B1022).
4.3 Specifications for material may be altered by agreement between customer and supplier to suit individual need. If the agreed
upon chemistry falls outside the limits of the appropriate standard, then the material does not meet all requirements of the standard.
5. Chemical Requirements
5.1 Final product (ingots, slabs, jumbos, etc.) shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in the applicable
product specification (see 2.1: Specifications B6, B69, B86, B240, B327, B418, B750, B792, B793, B833, B852, B860, B892,
B894, B897, B907, B943, B960and, B960B989, B997, B1013, and B1022).
5.2 Conformance shall be determined by the manufacturer by analyzing samples taken at the time the final product is poured or
samples taken from the ingots.
5.2.1 If the producer has determined the chemical composition of the metal during the course of manufacture, he shall not be
required to sample and analyze the finished product.
6. Sampling for Determination of Chemical Composition
6.1 Samples for Spectrochemical and Other Methods of Analysis—Samples for spectrochemical and other methods of analysis
shall be suitable for the form of material being analyzed and the type of analytical method used.
6.2 Sampling During Production of Ingots, Slabs, Blocks or Jumbos, and Wrought Products:
6.2.1 Sampling During Casting—Samples may be taken from the pour during the casting of zinc and zinc alloys.
6.2.1.1 Samples for spectrochemical methods may be cast as pins or discs in accordance with Practice E634 for spectrochemical
analyses or may be cast in a form or by a method the producer has determined will generate a homogeneous and representative
sample.
6.2.1.2 The producer should determine the sampling regimen that will efficiently result in samples that are representative of the
product. As a suggested minimum, at least two samplessample sets shall be taken for batches of 25 tons (22.7 mTons) or less. At
least three sample sets shall be taken for batches up to 150 tons (136 mTons). The average chemical analyses shall be determined
from these samples. Unless otherwise agreed in the contact or purchase order, sampling procedure will be the manufacturer’s
choice.
6.2.2 Samples held at the producer’s plant shall be retained for not less than 90 days.
6.3 Sampling of Ingot, Slabs, or Blocks and Jumbos and Wrought Product in the Event of a Dispute or if the Alloy is at the
Customer’s Plant—The sample for chemical analysis shall be taken based on the form of the product.
6.3.1 Ingot, Slabs, or Product in an Easily Sampled Form—If the alloy is in the form of standard ingots, slabs, etc. at the
customer’s plant, the sample for chemical analysis shall be taken in accordance with 6.3.1.1 – 6.3.1.6 , inclusive.
6.3.1.1 Selection of Portion—A portion representative of the total shipment or order shall be selected at random for the final
sample. The portion preferably shall be taken during loading or unloading. Not less than five ingots shall be taken at random from
each car or truckload of the same alloy for sampling. Each heat in the shipment shall be represented. If the shipment is less than
B949 − 23
a carload lot, one sample ingot shall be taken for each 10 000 lb (4540 kg) or fraction thereof. When it is deemed necessary, a
sample may be taken from each melt of 1000 lb (454 kg) or more.
6.3.1.2 Preparation of Sample—The product shall be cleaned thoroughly to rid the surface of extraneous material. Then the
samples for chemical analysis shall be taken by sawing, milling, or drilling in such a manner as to be representative of the average
cross section of the ingot. The weight of a prepared sample shall be not less than 300 g.
6.3.1.3 The saw drill, or cutter used for taking the sample shall be thoroughly cleaned. No lubricant shall be used in the operation,
and the sawings or metal chips shall be carefully treated with a magnet to remove any particles or iron introduced in taking the
sample.
NOTE 1—Sampling by sawing is not recommended for Special High Grade zinc because complete removal of the final traces of adventitious iron from
sawings is difficult.
6.3.1.4 Drilling—Two holes shall be drilled, preferably from the bottom or brand side of each ingot or slab, at two points located
along one diagonal of the slab so that each point is halfway between the center and one extremity of the diagonal. If two holes
from each ingot or slab do not yield the weight of sample prescribed in 6.3.1.6, a third hole shall be drilled at the center of each.
Each hole shall be bored completely through, care being taken to avoid starting the drill in a depression and to adjust the feed to
give drillings 0.0100.010 in. to 0.020 in. (0.25(0.25 mm to 0.51 mm) in thickness. The drill used preferably shall be non-ferrous
tipped (such as carbide, Ti-N, etc.) The diameter of the drill shall be ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) for Special High Grade zinc, and shall be
5 1
⁄16 in. (7.9 mm) for other grades of zinc. The drillings shall be broken or cut with clean shears into pieces not over ⁄2 in. in length
and mixed thoroughly. An appropriate similar method for sampling ingots and slabs is described in ISO 20081. The procedure
described in ISO 20081 is an acceptable alternate method of sampling.
6.3.1.5 Sawing—Using, preferably, a heat treated high-speed steel saw, make two cuts completely across and through the ingot or
slab from one long side to the other. Each cut shall be approximately halfway between the center and each end
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