ASTM D2562-94(2015)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Parts Molded from Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics (Withdrawn 2024)
Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Parts Molded from Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics (Withdrawn 2024)
ABSTRACT
This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual inspection of parts molded from reinforced thermosetting plastics by compression and transfer molding. Word descriptions of possible defects to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications, and final inspection are presented. Different inspection requirements for grades of product quality are categorized. Each part shall be checked visually without the aid of magnification. Defects shall be classified as to type and level as prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual inspection of parts molded from reinforced thermosetting plastics by compression and transfer molding.
1.2 This practice presents word descriptions of possible defects to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications, and final inspection.
1.3 This practice also categorizes different inspection requirements for grades of product quality.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual inspection of parts molded from reinforced thermosetting plastics by compression and transfer molding.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D20 on Plastics, this practice was withdrawn in January 2024 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2562 − 94 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Classifying Visual Defects in Parts Molded from Reinforced
Thermosetting Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2562; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope retapped to clean them or remove flash. Threads containing
locking features may not be retapped.
1.1 This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual in-
spectionofpartsmoldedfromreinforcedthermosettingplastics
2.4 Molded-In Threads or Cored Holes—Molded-in threads
by compression and transfer molding.
or cored holes shall be free of visible defects, such as nicks,
cracks, shorts, etc. Molded-in threads may be retapped or
1.2 This practice presents word descriptions of possible
repaired unless otherwise specifically noted on the product
defects to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product
drawing.
specifications, and final inspection.
2.5 Workmanship—Workmanship shall be in accordance
1.3 This practice also categorizes different inspection re-
with good commercial practices.
quirements for grades of product quality.
2.6 Critical Areas—Areas in which the presence of imper-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
fections is considered to be detrimental to the proper function
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
of the part shall be designated as critical areas. The areas of a
only.
part that are critical structurally, aerodynamically, or electri-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cally shall be uniform and free of defects as listed in Table 1,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
if so stated on the product drawing. Critical areas may be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
designated on the product drawing by one of the following
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
means,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.6.1 Encircle critical areas, or
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2.6.2 Cross-hatch areas to designate areas of various levels,
or
2. Acceptance Criteria
2.6.3 Word description.
2.1 The method and frequency of sampling and the allow-
2.7 Acceptable Defects—Unless otherwise specified, the
able defects may be previously agreed to by the purchaser and
following defects shall be acceptable in all instances:
the seller.
2.7.1 Ripple Surface—Generally occurs in parts molded
2.2 Dimensions and Tolerances—Molded parts shall be
from long, glass-fiber-filled, high-impact-type plastics. Such a
inspected for conformance with the dimensions and tolerances
surface is a phenomenon resulting from the difference in
specified on the product drawing. Parts with any dimensions
shrinkage between the resin binder and reinforcement.
falling outside the specified limits shall be rejected.
2.7.2 Shrink-Mark—Adimple-like depression in the surface
of a molding where it has retracted from the mold, and which
2.3 Inserts—All inserts, nuts, studs, and lugs shall not be
has well-rounded edges. A shrink-mark generally occurs on
damaged in any way, nor coated with molding materials in
one surface of a part where there is a boss, flange, rib, or other
such a way as to impair function or mechanical fit. Threads in
heavy section on the opposite surface.The shrink-mark may be
molded-in inserts shall be clean, smooth, and free of nicks,
caused by the difference in total shrinkage when there is a
tears, or other damage. There shall be no molding material or
sudden change in section along the surface of the part.
flash on the threads. If necessary, threaded inserts may be
2.7.3 Resin Voids—Applicable to chopped fabric-reinforced
molding compounds only, appearing as multiple surface inter-
ruptions which conform to the pattern of the cloth weave. This
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermosetting
is usually due to an insufficient flow or shrinkage of the resin,
Plastics.
which fails to fill all of the interstices of the fabric reinforce-
Current edition approved . Published September 2015. Originally approved in
ment. These defects occur only at the surface layer of resin in
1966. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2562 – 94 (2008). DOI:
10.1520/D2562-94R15. contact with the mold.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2562 − 94 (2015)
TABLE 1 Allowable Defects
Visual Acceptance Levels
Name Definition
Level I Level II Level III
Chip a small piece broken off an edge or surface none maximum dimension of break, 3.0 maximum dimension of
1 1
mm ( ⁄8 in.) break, 6.5 mm ( ⁄4 in.)
Crack an actual separation of the part, visible on none none none
opposite surfaces, and extending through the
thickness
Crack, surface crack existing only on the surface of the part none maximum length, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.) maximum length, 6.5 mm
( ⁄4 in.)
Crazing fine cracks at or under the surface of a part none maximum diameter of crazing, 13 maximum diameter of
mm ( ⁄2 in.) crazing, 25 mm (1 in.)
frequency to be determined by customer
Fracture rupture of the plastic surface without complete none maximum dimension, 21 mm ( ⁄16 maximum dimension, 29 mm
penetration in.) in diameter (1 ⁄8 in.) in diameter
Air bubble air entrapment within and between the none maximum diameter, 1.5 mm ( ⁄16 maximum diameter, 3.0 mm
2 2
reinforcement, usually spherical in shape in.); 2 per in. ( ⁄8 in.); 4 per in.
Blister rounded elevation of the surface of a part, none maximum diameter, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 maximum diameter, 6.5 mm
with boundaries that may be more or less in.); height from surface not to be ( ⁄4 in.); height from surface
sharply defined, somewhat resembling in outside drawing tolerance not to be outside drawing
shape a blister on the human skin tolerance
Orange-peel uneven surface somewhat resembling an none maximum diameter, 13 mm ( ⁄32 maximum diameter, 29 mm
orange peel in.) (1 ⁄8 in.)
Pimple small, sharp, or conical elevation on the none none maximum diameter, 3.0 mm
surface of a part ( ⁄8 in.)
Pit (pinhole) small crater in the surface of the part, with its none maximum diameter, 0.25 mm maximum diameter, 0.50
width approximately of the same order of (0.010 in.); depth less than 10 % mm
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2562 − 94 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Classifying Visual Defects in Parts Molded from Reinforced
Thermosetting Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2562; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope retapped to clean them or remove flash. Threads containing
locking features may not be retapped.
1.1 This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual in-
spection of parts molded from reinforced thermosetting plastics
2.4 Molded-In Threads or Cored Holes—Molded-in threads
by compression and transfer molding.
or cored holes shall be free of visible defects, such as nicks,
cracks, shorts, etc. Molded-in threads may be retapped or
1.2 This practice presents word descriptions of possible
repaired unless otherwise specifically noted on the product
defects to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product
drawing.
specifications, and final inspection.
2.5 Workmanship—Workmanship shall be in accordance
1.3 This practice also categorizes different inspection re-
with good commercial practices.
quirements for grades of product quality.
2.6 Critical Areas—Areas in which the presence of imper-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
fections is considered to be detrimental to the proper function
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
of the part shall be designated as critical areas. The areas of a
only.
part that are critical structurally, aerodynamically, or electri-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cally shall be uniform and free of defects as listed in Table 1,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
if so stated on the product drawing. Critical areas may be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
designated on the product drawing by one of the following
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
means,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.6.1 Encircle critical areas, or
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2.6.2 Cross-hatch areas to designate areas of various levels,
or
2. Acceptance Criteria
2.6.3 Word description.
2.1 The method and frequency of sampling and the allow-
2.7 Acceptable Defects—Unless otherwise specified, the
able defects may be previously agreed to by the purchaser and
following defects shall be acceptable in all instances:
the seller.
2.7.1 Ripple Surface—Generally occurs in parts molded
2.2 Dimensions and Tolerances—Molded parts shall be
from long, glass-fiber-filled, high-impact-type plastics. Such a
inspected for conformance with the dimensions and tolerances
surface is a phenomenon resulting from the difference in
specified on the product drawing. Parts with any dimensions
shrinkage between the resin binder and reinforcement.
falling outside the specified limits shall be rejected.
2.7.2 Shrink-Mark—A dimple-like depression in the surface
of a molding where it has retracted from the mold, and which
2.3 Inserts—All inserts, nuts, studs, and lugs shall not be
has well-rounded edges. A shrink-mark generally occurs on
damaged in any way, nor coated with molding materials in
one surface of a part where there is a boss, flange, rib, or other
such a way as to impair function or mechanical fit. Threads in
heavy section on the opposite surface. The shrink-mark may be
molded-in inserts shall be clean, smooth, and free of nicks,
caused by the difference in total shrinkage when there is a
tears, or other damage. There shall be no molding material or
sudden change in section along the surface of the part.
flash on the threads. If necessary, threaded inserts may be
2.7.3 Resin Voids—Applicable to chopped fabric-reinforced
molding compounds only, appearing as multiple surface inter-
ruptions which conform to the pattern of the cloth weave. This
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermosetting
is usually due to an insufficient flow or shrinkage of the resin,
Plastics.
which fails to fill all of the interstices of the fabric reinforce-
Current edition approved . Published September 2015. Originally approved in
ment. These defects occur only at the surface layer of resin in
1966. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2562 – 94 (2008). DOI:
10.1520/D2562-94R15. contact with the mold.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2562 − 94 (2015)
TABLE 1 Allowable Defects
Visual Acceptance Levels
Name Definition
Level I Level II Level III
Chip a small piece broken off an edge or surface none maximum dimension of break, 3.0 maximum dimension of
1 1
mm ( ⁄8 in.) break, 6.5 mm ( ⁄4 in.)
Crack an actual separation of the part, visible on none none none
opposite surfaces, and extending through the
thickness
Crack, surface crack existing only on the surface of the part none maximum length, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 in.) maximum length, 6.5 mm
( ⁄4 in.)
Crazing fine cracks at or under the surface of a part none maximum diameter of crazing, 13 maximum diameter of
mm ( ⁄2 in.) crazing, 25 mm (1 in.)
frequency to be determined by customer
Fracture rupture of the plastic surface without complete none maximum dimension, 21 mm ( ⁄16 maximum dimension, 29 mm
penetration in.) in diameter (1 ⁄8 in.) in diameter
Air bubble air entrapment within and between the none maximum diameter, 1.5 mm ( ⁄16 maximum diameter, 3.0 mm
2 2
reinforcement, usually spherical in shape in.); 2 per in. ( ⁄8 in.); 4 per in.
Blister rounded elevation of the surface of a part, none maximum diameter, 3.0 mm ( ⁄8 maximum diameter, 6.5 mm
with boundaries that may be more or less in.); height from surface not to be ( ⁄4 in.); height from surface
sharply defined, somewhat resembling in outside drawing tolerance not to be outside drawing
shape a blister on the human skin tolerance
Orange-peel uneven surface somewhat resembling an none maximum diameter, 13 mm ( ⁄32 maximum diameter, 29 mm
orange peel in.) (1 ⁄8 in.)
Pimple small, sharp, or conical elevation on the none none maximum diameter, 3.0 mm
surface of a part ( ⁄8 in.)
Pit (pinhole) small crater in the surface of the part, with its none maximum diameter, 0.25 mm maximum diameter, 0.50
width approximately of the same order of (0.010 in.); depth less than 10 % mm (0.020 in.); depth less
magnitude as its depth of wall thickness than 20 % of wall thickness
fr
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