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ASTM C1439-08a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Polymer Modifiers in Mortar and Concrete

Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Polymer Modifiers in Mortar and Concrete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Specification C 1438. Standardized procedures are used to compare the properties of specimens made from test mixtures of polymer-modified concrete or mortar with the properties of specimens made from reference mixtures. These test methods are not intended to simulate job conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods provide a means of determining the effect of adding polymer modifiers to reference concrete or mortar.
1.2 Most sections of ASTM test methods and practices for hydraulic cement mortar and concrete apply to the preparation and testing of specimens made with polymer-modifiers. However, there are some exceptions, most notably curing, that need special procedures in order to develop the properties inherent with polymer-modification. These test methods cover these exceptions.
1.3 For testing polymer-modified mortar and concrete specimens, the procedures in this standard supersede those in the referenced ASTM test methods and practices. These test methods are not applicable to dry, packaged mortar and concrete.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2008
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.44 - Polymer-Modified Concrete and Mortars
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1439-08 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Polymer Modifiers in Mortar and Concrete
Effective Date
01-Sep-2008
Replaced By
ASTM C1439-13 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Latex and Powder Polymer Modifiers for use in Hydraulic Cement Concrete and Mortar
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM C1438-13(2017) - Standard Specification for Latex and Powder Polymer Modifiers for use in Hydraulic Cement Concrete and Mortar
Effective Date
01-Sep-2008

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1439 −08a
StandardTest Methods for
1
Evaluating Polymer Modifiers in Mortar and Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
drical Concrete Specimens
1.1 These test methods provide a means of determining the
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
effect of adding polymer modifiers to reference concrete or
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
mortar.
Specimens)
1.2 Most sections of ASTM test methods and practices for
C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
hydraulic cement mortar and concrete apply to the preparation
Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
and testing of specimens made with polymer-modifiers.
C128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
However, there are some exceptions, most notably curing, that
Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
need special procedures in order to develop the properties
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield,
inherent with polymer-modification. These test methods cover
and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
these exceptions.
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
1.3 For testing polymer-modified mortar and concrete Concrete
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
specimens, the procedures in this standard supersede those in
the referenced ASTM test methods and practices. These test C173/C173M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly Mixed
Concrete by the Volumetric Method
methods are not applicable to dry, packaged mortar and
concrete. C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Specimens in the Laboratory
standard.
C231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
crete by the Pressure Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
crete
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
2
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
2. Referenced Documents
Concrete
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C778 Specification for Sand
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C1202 Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s
Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
C1404/C1404M Test Method for Bond Strength ofAdhesive
Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Systems Used With Concrete as Measured by Direct
C09.44 on Polymer-Modified Concrete and Mortars
4
Tension (Withdrawn 2010)
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C1439 – 08. DOI:
C1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
10.1520/C1439-08A.
C1438 Specification for Latex and Powder Polymer Modi-
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
fiers in Hydraulic Cement Concrete and Mortar
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1439 − 08a
3. Significance and Use 5.2.1 Test Mortar—Make the test mortar conforming to the
following proportions:
3.1 These test methods are used to develop data for com-
Parts by Mass, kg
parison with the requirements of Specification C1438. Stan-
Portland cement 100 ± 2
dardized procedu
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1439–08 Designation: C 1439 – 08a
Standard Test Methods for
1
Evaluating Polymer Modifiers in Mortar and Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods provide a means of determining the effect of adding polymer modifiers to reference concrete or mortar.
1.2 Most sections of ASTM test methods and practices for hydraulic cement mortar and concrete apply to the preparation and
testing of specimens made with polymer-modifiers. However, there are some exceptions, most notably curing, that need special
procedures in order to develop the properties inherent with polymer-modification. These test methods cover these exceptions.
1.3 For testing polymer-modified mortar and concrete specimens, the procedures in this standard supersede those in the
referenced ASTM test methods and practices. These test methods are not applicable to dry, packaged mortar and concrete.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and
2
tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C 109/C 109M TestMethodforCompressiveStrengthofHydraulicCementMortars(Using2-in.or[50-mm]CubeSpecimens)
C 127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
C 128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
C 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
C 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method
C 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C 778 Specification for Standard Sand
C 1202 Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration
C 1404/C 1404M Test Method for Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems Used With Concrete as Measured by Direct Tension
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.44
on Polymer-Modified Concrete and Mortars
Current edition approvedAug.Sept. 1, 2008. Published SeptemberOctober 2008. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C1439–99(2008).
C 1439 – 08.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer t
...

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5.3 Although this technique has been used historically to understand issues related to setting and slump loss, it must be emphasized that isothermal calorimetry results cannot predict concrete performance definitely, either positively or negatively. Extensive verification in concrete at planned dosages and temperatures, and at higher dosages, is needed. Isothermal calorimetry is an effective tool to identify sensitivities, so that concrete testing can be efficiently planned and performed.  
5.4 This practice provides a means of assessing the relative hydration performance of various test mixtures compared with control mixtures that are prepared in a similar manner.  
5.5 The procedure and apparatus can be used to monitor the thermal power from pastes and mortars alone or in combination with chemical admixtures.  
5.6 The isothermal calorimeter described here can be used to measure the thermal power and heat of hydration of mortars prepared independently or obtained by wet sieving from concrete in accordance with Practice C172/C1...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for measuring relative differences in hydration kinetics of hydraulic cementitious mixtures, either in paste or mortar (see Note 1), including those containing admixtures, various supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), and other fine materials by measuring the thermal power using an isothermal calorimeter.
Note 1: Paste specimens are often preferred for mechanistic research when details of individual reaction peaks are important or for particular calorimetry configurations. Mortar specimens may give results that have better correlation with concrete setting and early strength development and are often preferred to evaluate different mixture proportions for concrete. Both paste and mortar studies have been found to be effective in evaluating concrete field problems due to incompatibility of materials used in concrete mixtures.  
1.2 This practice does not cover the measurement of heat of hydration. Heat of hydration can be determined according to Test Method C1702.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1709-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluation of Alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials (ASCM) for Use in Concrete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) covered under existing ASTM specifications are fly ash, slag cement, raw and calcined natural pozzolans including calcined clays, silica fume, and ground-glass pozzolan. The use of these materials, and limits established in existing specifications, are based on data obtained from research programs, field testing, and long term performance monitoring. Performance of SCM in specific concrete mixtures is commonly verified through preconstruction testing. This guide provides an approach to assessing the properties of materials that are not covered under existing specifications, and for assessing the performance of those materials in concrete.  
4.2 If an ASCM does not yet have a significant record of performance in concrete, a comprehensive evaluation based on this Guide should be undertaken, and it should be recognized that this ASCM might be introduced for a specific project or into a limited marketplace to initially demonstrate its performance. The user should bear in mind the intended end use of the ASCM and use appropriate test methods to establish its suitability. An ASCM that demonstrates good performance through a comprehensive evaluation as outlined in this guide could then be considered to have access to broader markets and could be considered for inclusion in an ASTM standard for SCM. For this reason, the test program to demonstrate acceptable performance should include concrete mixtures with a range of characteristics specific to the ASCM’s intended use.  
4.3 In the absence of long-term durability or acceptable field performance, prospective users are advised to apply appropriate risk management and engineering practice in the use of an ASCM.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a technical approach to the evaluation of alternative supplementary cementitious materials such as pozzolans and hydraulic materials that fall outside the scope of Specifications C618, C989/C989M, C1240, and C1866/C1866M. This guide provides the initial steps for a comprehensive evaluation of an ASCM that provides due diligence for its specific intended uses in concrete; however, it does not evaluate conformance to all possible performance criteria for all types of concrete mixtures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Performing the tests or meeting the test limits in this guide should not imply that the material tested meets the requirements of Specifications C618, C989/C989M, C1240, and C1866/C1866M. These materials should not be represented as such and each specific source is to be evaluated separately.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1753/C1753M-21a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluating Early Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Thermal Measurements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a means of assessing the relative early hydration performance of various test mixtures compared with control mixtures that are prepared in a similar manner.  
5.2 Thermal profiles are used to evaluate the hydration behavior of hydraulic cementitious mixtures after the addition of water. They may provide indications concerning setting characteristics, compatibility of different materials, sulfate balance, relative heat of hydration, and early strength development. They can be used to evaluate the effects of compositions, proportions, and time of addition of materials as well as the initial mixture and test temperatures. Thermal profile testing is an effective tool for identifying performance sensitivities or trends, and may help to reduce the number of concrete test mixtures required to develop and qualify mixtures, especially those to be subject to variable ambient environments. It may be used by concrete producers, materials suppliers, and other practitioners to support mixture development, selection of material types or sources, optimization of proportions, or troubleshooting of field problems.  
5.3 This practice can be used to understand concrete problems related to slump loss, setting, and early strength, but results may not predict field concrete performance. Performance verification with concrete is needed to quantify the trends identified using thermal testing.  
5.4 This practice can be used to evaluate the effects of chemical admixtures on the thermal profiles of cementitious mixtures. This can be especially useful in selecting dosages appropriate for different ambient conditions.  
5.5 Thermal measurement testing as described in this practice may have similar significance and use as isothermal calorimetry described by Practice C1679 or some types of near-adiabatic calorimetry. The selection of which practice or methods to use may depend on specific applications and circumstances. The thermal profiles obtained by this practic...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for evaluating relative differences in early hydration of hydraulic cementitious mixtures such as paste, mortar, or concrete, including those containing chemical admixtures, various supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), and other finely divided materials, by measuring the temperature history of a specimen.  
1.2 Calorimetry is the measurement of heat lost or gained during a chemical reaction such as cement hydration; calorimetric measurements as a function of time can be used to describe and evaluate hydration and related early-age property development. Calorimetry may be performed under isothermal conditions (as described in Practice C1679) or under adiabatic or semi-adiabatic conditions. This practice cannot be described as calorimetry because no attempt is made to measure or compute the heat evolved from test specimens due to hydration, but it can in many cases be used for similar evaluations. Variables that should be considered in the application of this practice are discussed in the Appendix.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.5 This...

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ASTM
ASTM C1697-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Blended Supplementary Cementitious Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers blended supplementary cementitious materials that result from the blending or intergrinding of two or three ASTM compliant supplementary cementitious materials, for use in concrete or mortar where hydraulic or pozzolanic action, or both, is desired. The supplementary cementitious materials include slag cement conforming to Specification C989/C989M, natural pozzolans and coal fly ash conforming to Specification C618 and silica fume conforming to Specification C1240.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: The incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials as separate additions or as a manufactured blend may significantly alter the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The user should be aware of these changes and is referred to the ACI Manual of Concrete Practice2 for information and guidelines. Specific reference is made to:    
ACI 232.1R  
Use of Natural Pozzolans in Concrete  
ACI 232.2R  
Use of Fly Ash in Concrete  
ACI 233R  
Slag Cement in Concrete and Mortar  
ACI 234R  
Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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