ASTM E2717-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Estimating the Environmental Load of Residential Wastewater
Standard Practice for Estimating the Environmental Load of Residential Wastewater
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There is increasing concern regarding water quality. The first national-scale U.S. examination of these organic wastewater contaminants in streams, conducted by the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), indicated that a broad range of chemicals found in residential, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters commonly occurs in mixtures at low concentrations downstream from areas of intense urbanization and animal production. The chemicals include pharmaceuticals, natural and synthetic hormones, detergent metabolites, plasticizers, insecticides, and fire retardants. One or more of these chemicals were found in 80 % of the streams sampled.6
5.2 This practice may be used by building owners and design professionals to assess water stewardship impacts of a residence. In particular, it is intended to inform design decisions and operation decisions regarding estimated wastewater quality impacts of a building.
5.3 This practice may be used by planners and water treatment professionals to assess water stewardship impacts of a residential area. In particular, it is intended to inform infrastructure decisions regarding estimated wastewater quality impacts of a residential service area.
5.3.1 This practice may be used to estimate the types and amounts of non-biological wastes entering a wastewater system. Such knowledge is becoming increasingly important in developing sustainable approaches to water stewardship.
5.4 Table 2, Environmental Load for Average U.S. Single-Family Home, does not list all chemicals used in homes; in order to obtain a more accurate estimation, the chemicals used in specific homes should be listed. In addition, it may be helpful to monitor wastewater to determine variances, if any, from the estimated environmental load.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a set of instructions for estimating the environmental load of residential water, as it is discharged from a residence. The environmental load is calculated based on the number and type of fixtures in the home, the common household chemicals used, and the number of people in the home. While the format is broadly applied internationally, the parameters stated herein reflect North American averages and would need to be modified if used elsewhere.
1.1.1 Averages Method—The Averages Method provides an estimate of the annual environmental load for the average U.S. single-family home based on 2000 U.S. Census2 and 2007 U.S. Census Data3 and U.S. EPA/625/R-00/008 characterization of residential wastewater flows.4
Note 1: Census 2000, taken April 1, 2000, counted 281 421 906 people in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The questionnaire included seven questions for each household: name, sex, age, relationship, Hispanic origin, race, and whether the housing unit was owned or rented. In addition to these seven questions, about 17 percent of the households got a much longer questionnaire including questions about ancestry, income, mortgage, and size of the housing unit.
1.1.2 Unique Product Parameters Method—The Unique Product Parameters Method provides an estimate of the annual environmental load, where the home/product parameter values are the same as those used for the Averages Method except for estimated amounts of chemical contaminants listed in Table 1 or average total annual use of products as listed in Table 1, or both.
1.1.3 Adjusted Averages Method—The Adjusted Averages Method provides an estimate of the annual environmental load, where home/product parameter values differ from those used for the Averages Method, except that chemical contaminants associated with products do not vary. (Table 1 remains the same for: Typical Water Contaminants, Estimated Amount of Contaminant in Product (%), and the Percent Waste.)
1.1.4 Additional/Alternative Chemicals Method—The Additional/Alternative Chemicals Method provides an estimate of the annual environmental load, of che...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2717 − 18
Standard Practice for
Estimating the Environmental Load of Residential
1
Wastewater
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2717; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.1.3 Adjusted Averages Method—The Adjusted Averages
Method provides an estimate of the annual environmental load,
1.1 This practice provides a set of instructions for estimat-
where home/product parameter values differ from those used
ing the environmental load of residential water, as it is
for the Averages Method, except that chemical contaminants
discharged from a residence. The environmental load is calcu-
associated with products do not vary. (Table 1 remains the
lated based on the number and type of fixtures in the home, the
same for: Typical Water Contaminants, Estimated Amount of
common household chemicals used, and the number of people
Contaminant in Product (%), and the Percent Waste.)
in the home. While the format is broadly applied
internationally, the parameters stated herein reflect North 1.1.4 Additional/Alternative Chemicals Method—The
Additional/Alternative Chemicals Method provides an esti-
American averages and would need to be modified if used
elsewhere. mate of the annual environmental load, of chemicals used that
1.1.1 Averages Method—TheAverages Method provides an are not listed in Table 1.
estimate of the annual environmental load for the average U.S.
1.1.5 The Unique Product Parameters Method, Adjusted
2
single-family home based on 2000 U.S. Census and 2007
Averages Method, and Additional Chemicals Method may be
3
U.S. Census Data and U.S. EPA⁄625⁄R-00⁄008 characteriza-
used in combination with each other.
4
tion of residential wastewater flows.
1.2 Instructions are provided for a single-family home.
NOTE 1—Census 2000, taken April 1, 2000, counted 281 421 906
Estimates may be expanded to an aggregate number of
people in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The questionnaire
single-family homes by assuming an average home size and
included seven questions for each household: name, sex, age, relationship,
multiplying by the number of homes. Estimates may be
Hispanic origin, race, and whether the housing unit was owned or rented.
In addition to these seven questions, about 17 percent of the households
adapted to multi-unit residential buildings by factoring the
got a much longer questionnaire including questions about ancestry,
homeparametersforsize,occupancy,andfixturesasnecessary.
income, mortgage, and size of the housing unit.
1.3 For the purpose of this practice, environmental load
1.1.2 Unique Product Parameters Method—The Unique
refers to chemical contaminants that may be dissolved or
Product Parameters Method provides an estimate of the annual
suspended in water.
environmental load, where the home/product parameter values
1.3.1 Estimates of environmental load do not include or-
are the same as those used for theAverages Method except for
estimated amounts of chemical contaminants listed in Table 1 ganic matter common for urine, feces, and vomit.
or average total annual use of products as listed in Table 1,or
1.3.2 Estimates of environmental load do not include bulk
both.
food waste such as kitchen scraps.
1.3.3 Estimates of environmental load do not include bulk
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E60 on Sustain-
cellulose waste such as toilet paper.
ability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.01 on Buildings and
1.3.4 Estimates of environmental load do not include other
Construction.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally
solid wastes, such as wrappers, not covered by the waste
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2717–11. DOI:
groups covered in 1.3.1 through 1.3.3.
10.1520/E2717–18.
2
1.3.5 Actual environmental load may vary depending on
Available from U.S. Census Bureau, 4600 Silver Hill Road, Washington, DC
20233, http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html.
typesandamountsofchemicalsusedinaspecifichomeandthe
3
Available from U.S. Census Bureau, 4600 Silver Hill Road, Washington, DC
number of people in the home.
20233, https://www.census.gov/construction/chars/pdf/c25ann2007.pdf and http://
www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2007.html.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Onsite Wastewater
as standa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2717 − 11 E2717 − 18
Standard Practice for
Estimating the Environmental Load of Residential
1
Wastewater
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2717; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides a set of instructions for estimating the environmental load of residential water, as it is discharged from
a residence. The environmental load is calculated based on the number and type of fixtures in the home, the common household
chemicals used, and the number of people in the home. While the format is broadly applied internationally, the parameters stated
herein reflect North American averages and would need to be modified if used elsewhere.
1.1.1 Averages Method—The Averages Method provides an estimate of the annual environmental load for the average U.S.
2 3
single-family home based on 2000 U.S. Census and 2007 U.S. Census Data and U.S. EPA ⁄625 ⁄R-00 ⁄008 characterization of
4
residential wastewater flows.
NOTE 1—Census 2000, taken April 1, 2000, counted 281 421 906 people in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The questionnaire included seven
questions for each household: name, sex, age, relationship, Hispanic origin, race, and whether the housing unit was owned or rented. In addition to these
seven questions, about 17 percent of the households got a much longer questionnaire including questions about ancestry, income, mortgage, and size of
the housing unit.
1.1.2 Unique Product Parameters Method—The Unique Product Parameters Method provides an estimate of the annual
environmental load, where the home/product parameter values are the same as those used for the Averages Method except for
estimated amounts of chemical contaminants listed in Table 1 or average total annual use of products as listed in Table 1, or both.
1.1.3 Adjusted Averages Method—The Adjusted Averages Method provides an estimate of the annual environmental load, where
home/product parameter values differ from those used for the Averages Method, except that chemical contaminants associated with
products do not vary. (Table 1 remains the same for: Typical Water Contaminants, Estimated Amount of Contaminant in Product
(%), and the Percent Waste.)
1.1.4 Additional/Alternative Chemicals Method—The Additional/Alternative Chemicals Method provides an estimate of the
annual environmental load, of chemicals used that are not listed in Table 1.
1.1.5 The Unique Product Parameters Method, Adjusted Averages Method, and Additional Chemicals Method may be used in
combination with each other.
1.2 Instructions are provided for a single-family home. Estimates may be expanded to an aggregate number of single-family
homes by assuming an average home size and multiplying by the number of homes. Estimates may be adapted to multi-unit
residential buildings by factoring the home parameters for size, occupancy, and fixtures as necessary.
1.3 For the purpose of this practice, environmental load refers to chemical contaminants that may be dissolved or suspended
in water.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E60 on Sustainability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.07 on Water Use and Conservation.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011Aug. 1, 2018. Published January 2011September 2018. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as
E2717–11. DOI: 10.1520/E2717-11.10.1520/E2717–18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Available from U.S. Census
Bureau, 4600 Silver Hill Road, Washington, DC 20233, http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html.Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the
standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from U.S. Census Bureau, 4600 Silver Hill Road, Washington, DC 20233, http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html.https://www.census.gov/
construction/chars/pdf/c25ann2007.pdf and http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2007.html.
Census 2000, taken April 1, 2000, counted 281 421 906 people in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The questionnaire included seven questions for each
household: name, sex, age, relationship, Hispanic origin, race, and whether the housing unit was owned
...
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