ASTM A291-02

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Pinions, Gears and Shafts for Reduction Gears

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers normalized and tempered carbon steel and quenched and tempered alloy steel forgings for pinions, gears, and shafts.
1.2 Several classes of steel are covered as follows:
1.2.1 Class 1—is normalized and tempered carbon steel.
1.2.2 Classes 2 to 9 incl, are liquid quenched and tempered alloy steel.
1.3 All classes are considered weldable under proper conditions. Welding technique is of fundamental importance and it is presupposed that welding procedure and inspection shall be in accordance with approved methods for the class of material used.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2002
• ICS: 77.140.85 - Iron and steel forgings
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.06 - Steel Forgings and Billets

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A291-95(1999) - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Pinions, Gears and Shafts for Reduction Gears
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM A291-03 - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Pinions, Gears and Shafts for Reduction Gears
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation: A 291 – 02
Standard Specification for
Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Pinions, Gears and
1
Shafts for Reduction Gears
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * 4. Heat Treatment
1.1 This specification covers normalized and tempered car- 4.1 Preliminary Heat Treatment:
bon steel and quenched and tempered alloy steel forgings for 4.1.1 The forgings shall be given such preliminary heat
pinions, gears, and shafts. treatment as is proper for the design and composition. The
1.2 Several classes of steel are covered as follows: forgings shall be heated to a suitable temperature for a
1.2.1 Class 1 is normalized and tempered carbon steel. sufficient length of time for austenitization and shall be suitably
1.2.2 Classes 2 to 9, incl, are liquid quenched and tempered cooled to bring about complete transformation.
alloy steel. 4.1.2 Forgings may be immediately treated for mechanical
1.3 All classes are considered weldable under proper con- properties after preliminary heat treatment or may be rough
ditions. Welding technique is of fundamental importance and it turned prior to treatment for mechanical properties.
is presupposed that welding procedure and inspection shall be 4.2 Heat Treatment for Mechanical Properties—The forg-
in accordance with approved methods for the class of material ing shall be reheated to a temperature above the upper critical
used. temperature and held a sufficient length of time for complete
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded austenitization. Class 1 shall be air cooled while Classes 2
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for through 8 shall be liquid quenched.
information only. 4.3 Tempering—The forgings shall be tempered to develop
the specified properties. Minimum tempering temperatures
2. Referenced Documents
shall be as follows:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Minimum Tempering Temperature
Class °F (°C)
A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-
1 and 2 1150 (620)
2
nation of Steel Forgings
3, 3A, and 4 1075 (580)
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
5, 6, 7 1050 (565)
3
8 1100 (595)
of Steel Products
9 1000 (540)
A 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of
2
The charge shall be cooled under uniform conditions in the
Heavy Steel Forgings
A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require- furnace at a maximum rate of 100°F (55°C) per h to 600°F
2
ments (316°C).
4.4 Stress Relief—If the manufacturer elects to heat treat for
3. Ordering Information
mechanical properties prior to machining, the forgings shall be
3.1 Instructions for purchasing forgings to this specification
stress relieved after machining (4.5) at a temperature that is 50
should be in accordance with Specification A 788. In addition, to 100°F (28 to 55°C) below the last previous tempering
a detailed drawing, sketch, or written description of the forging
temperature but in no case below 1000°F (540°C). The
should be included with the inquiry or order. forgings shall be cooled under uniform conditions in the
3.2 Supplementary requirements are provided and shall
furnace at a maximum rate of 100°F (55°C)/h to 600°F
apply only when specified in the purchase order. (316°C).
4.5 Machining:
1 4.5.1 Rough machining before heat treatment for mechani-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
cal properties may be performed at the option of the manufac-
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
turer.
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published June 2002. Originally
4.5.2 If the producer elects to heat treat for mechanical
published as A291 – 46. Last previous edition A291 – 95 (1999).
2
properties prior to machining, the forgings shall be stress
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 291
relieved after machining. full-size prolongation left on one end of each individual
4.5.3 Boring—Forgings, after being heat treated for me- forging or on both ends of the multi
...