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ASTM C1067-00

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Conducting A Ruggedness or Screening Program for Test Methods for Construction Materials

Standard Practice for Conducting A Ruggedness or Screening Program for Test Methods for Construction Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for detecting and reducing sources of variation in a test method early in its development and prior to an interlaboratory study. One of the main purposes of the procedure, by means of a ruggedness or screening program, is the elimination of test methods that exhibit poor precision even after vigorous efforts to reduce their variability.  
1.2 This practice covers, in very general terms, techniques for planning, conducting, and analyzing results from a few laboratories to establish whether a well written test method is good enough to justify an interlaboratory study. Annex A1 provides the details of the procedure with an example and Annex A2 gives the theoretical background.  
1.3 This practice is intended to be used before spending the time and money required to conduct a full scale interlaboratory study, such as those in Practices C670, C802, or E691.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2000
ICS
91.100.01 - Construction materials in general
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.94 - Evaluation of Data (Joint C09 and C01)
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C1067-00(2007) - Standard Practice for Conducting A Ruggedness or Screening Program for Test Methods for Construction Materials
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1849/C1849M-17 - Standard Test Method for Density and Air Content (Pressure Method) of Freshly Mixed Roller-Compacted Concrete
Effective Date
10-Jun-2000
Referred By
ASTM C802-14(2022) - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Program to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for Construction Materials
Effective Date
10-Jun-2000
Referred By
ASTM C1170/C1170M-20 - Standard Test Method for Determining Consistency and Density of Roller-Compacted Concrete Using a Vibrating Table
Effective Date
10-Jun-2000
Referred By
ASTM C670-15 - Standard Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
Effective Date
10-Jun-2000

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ASTM C1067-00 - Standard Practice for Conducting A Ruggedness or Screening Program for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsASTM C1067-00 - Standard Practice for Conducting A Ruggedness or Screening Program for Test Methods for Construction Materials
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ASTM C1067-00 - Standard Practice for Conducting A Ruggedness or Screening Program for Test Methods for Construction Materials
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1067–00
Standard Practice for
Conducting A Ruggedness or Screening Program for Test
Methods for Construction Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.1 Thispracticecoversaprocedurefordetectingsourcesof
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
variationinatestmethod.Theprocedureshouldbeusedduring
E1169 Guide for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
the development of a test method, before the interlaboratory
study is executed, such as those in Practices C670, C802, and
3. Terminology
E691. Interlaboratory studies can be expensive to execute.
3.1 Definitions:
Resources will probably be more efficiently used if sources of
3.1.1 determination value, n—numericalquantitycalculated
variation in a test method are eliminated prior to performing
as directed in the test method using direct measurements
the interlaboratory study. The procedure also is useful for
obtained in accordance with the procedures given in the test
determiningsourcesofvariationinanexistingtestmethodthat
method.
has been found to have poor precision.
3.1.2 replication, n—the act of obtaining two or more
1.2 This practice covers, in very general terms, techniques
determination values under specified conditions. The number
for planning, collecting data, and analyzing results from a few
of replications must be finite and the scope of the replication
laboratories. Annex A1 provides the details of the procedure
operation may be narrow or broad, but must be specified.
with an example and Annex A2 gives the theoretical back-
3.1.3 For definitions of other statistical terms used in this
ground.
standard, refer to Terminology E456.
1.3 The practice does not give information pertinent to
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
estimating within- or between-laboratory precision.
3.2.1 factor, n—an element in the test procedure or labora-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tory environment that is a potential source of variation in test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
results.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 ruggedness, adj—the characteristic of a test method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
that produces test results that are not influenced by small
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
differences in the testing procedure or environment.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.3 screening, n—the detection of significant sources of
variation as compared to chance variation.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.4 variable, n—a number or quantity that varies.
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
4. Summary of Practice
C802 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Pro-
4.1 The practice requires that the user develop, from theo-
gram to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for
2 retical or practical knowledge, or both, a list of factors that
Construction Materials
plausibly would cause significant variation in test results if the
factors were not controlled. The technique is limited to the
analysis of the effects seven factors and requires considerably
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete
less effort than would be required to collected data for seven
and ConcreteAggregates . This practice was developed jointly byASTM Commit-
tees C-1, C-9, D-4, and D-18, and is endorsed by all four committees. factors in a full factorial study. Procedures exist for analysis of
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published August 2000. Originally
published as C1067–87. Last previous edition C1067–87 (1993).
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1067–00
smaller and larger numbers of factors (see Guide E1169), but additional laboratories will probably contribute fresh critical
seven is a convenient number for many test methods for reviewofthevalidityofthetestmethodandprovideassistance
construction materials. The seven-factor analysis requires 16 in clarifying the instructions of the test method when needed.
determinations by each laboratory. The procedure can be
6. Materials
usefully executed by a single laboratory, but sometimes addi-
6.1 The number and types of material shall cover the range
tionalinformationcanbeobtainedifitisrepeatedinoneortwo
additional laboratories. of material properties to which the test method is applicable.
The test method does not apply to material types or property
4.2 The procedure requires that two levels of each factor be
identified, then 16 determinations be done on a prescribed values outside the range evaluated.Three to five materials will
usually be sufficient.
combinations of factor levels. The levels assigned to a factor
may be quantitative or qualitative (for example, brass versus 6.1.1 Some preliminary testing may help the laboratories
involved determine the materials that shall be used in the
steel).
4.3 The disadvantage of this type of analysis is that the screening program.
method only estimates simple effects of each factor and does
7. Procedure
not detect interactive effects among factors.
7.1 Determine the number of laboratories that will partici-
5. Significance and Use
pate in the program and which materials each will use in the
5.1 The purpose of a ruggedness evaluation is to determin-
program. The maximum amount of information is obtained if
ing how sensitive the test method is to changes in levels of
all laboratories include all materials in their part of the
pertinent operating factors. Normally, operating conditions for
program, however cost can be reduced by each laboratory
a test method are defined along with an allowable tolerance.A
using a different material. Caution must be exercised in
ruggedness analysis determines that effect of worst-case varia-
interpreting the results since laboratory-dependent cannot be
tion in operating conditions within this tolerance range. The
separated from material-dependent effects.
method then can be revised with smaller tolerances on operat- 7.2 Factors that are likely to have the greatest effect on the
ing conditions to improve the precision.
variability in the test results are selected for study. Levels of
5.2 Amajor reason for poor precision in test methods is the these factors are determined, selecting the minimum and
lackofadequatecontroloverthesourcesofvariationintesting
maximumlevelsthatwouldplausiblyoccurintheexecutionof
procedures or testing environments.These sources of variation
the test method if there were no particular efforts to control
often are not controlled adequately because they were not
them. Only two levels are allowed. Levels often represent
identified during the development of the test procedures.
quantitative properties, such as temperature, pressure, etc, but
5.3 All new test methods must be subjected to an interlabo-
they may also represent nonquantitative values, such as old vs
ratoryprogramforpurposesofdevelopingaprecisionandbias
new,wetvsdry,etc.Inthisstandard,factorsareassignedletter
statement. These programs can be expensive and lengthy, and
designations, A– G, and the two levels of each factor are
the result may be that the determination is made that the
designated with upper and lower cases of these letters, as in
methodistoovariabletobepublishedwithoutfurtherrevision.
Table 1.
Interlaboratory studies typically give the subcommittee an
7.3 Assign combinations of factor levels to experimental
indication that the method is too variable, but they do not
determinationsaccordingtoTable1.The8determinationswill
usually give a clear picture of what is causing the variation.
be done in duplicate, therefore, the full study on each material
Application of this ruggedness practice using one or a few
will require 16 determinations.
laboratoriesmaybeamuchmoreeconomicalwaytodetermine
7.4 Constructa16rowby16columnresultsmatrixfromthe
these causes.
16 determinations values (d – d ) as shown in Table 2. The
1 16
5.4 Many existing test methods were published before there
absolutevaluesofthedeterminationsineachrowareidentical,
was a requirement that precision and bias statements be onlythesignsvary.Calculate Zand Wstatisticsasshowninthe
developed. Since this became a requirement, most of these test
equations below.
methodshavedevelopedprecisionandbiasstatements,andthe
Z 5 d,where d 8sarethe16resultsineachrow ~r!. (1)
r (1 i i
result is that many have been found to suffer from relatively
large amount of variation. Use of this practice represents a
Z
r
relatively simple way to investigate the causes of variation in
W 5 (2)
r
test methods, so that a subcommittee will have some guidance
as to which parts of the test method need to be studied further
TABLE 1 Pattern of Assigning Levels to Seven Factors
for revision.
Determination Number
5.5 Theprocedurecanbeusedforaprogramwithinasingle
Factor 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
laboratory, but involvement of at least three laboratories is
A aaa a A A A A
recommended, particularly if the single laboratory were to be
B b bBB b bB B
the one in which the test method was developed. This is
C C cC c C cCc
particularly important for new test methods. The originating DD D d d d d D D
Ee E e E E e E e
laboratory is so much a part of the development of the test
F F ff F F ff F
method that it is difficult for it to be objective in spotting any
GG g g G g G G g
problems in the clarity of the test method directions. Two
C1067–00
TABLE 2 Results Matrix of 16 Determinations (d – d )
1 16
Eight Determinations for Replicate Set 1 Eight Determinations for Replicate Set 2
row 1234567812345678 ZW
1 d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 1
2 d d d d –d –d –d –d d d d d –d –d –d –d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2 2
3 d d –d –d d d –d –d d d –d –d d d –d –d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 3 3
4 d –d d –d d –d d –d d –d d –d d –d d –d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 4 4
5 d d –d –d –d –d d d d d –d –d –d –d d d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 5 5
6 d –d d –d –d d –d d d –d d –d –d d –d d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 6 6
7 d –d –d d d –d –d d d –d –d d d –d –d d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 7 7
8 d –d –d d –d d d –d d –d –d d –d d d –d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 8 8
9 d d d d d d d d –d –d –d –d –d –d –d –d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 9 9
10 d d d d –d –d –d –d –d –d –d –d d d d d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 10
11 d d –d –d d d –d –d –d –d d d –d –d d d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 11 11
12 d –d d –d d –d d –d –d d –d d –d d –d d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 12 12
13 d d –d –d –d –d d d –d –d d d d d –d –d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 13 13
14 d –d d –d –d d –d d –d d –d d d –d d –d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 14
15 d –d –d d d –d –d d –d d d –d –d d d –d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 15
16 d –d –d d –d d d –d –d d d –d d –d –d d Z W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 16
TABLE 3 Summary of Statistics for Seven Factors and Random
7.5 The W statistic for row 1 represents the simple sum of
Error
the determinations and are not used in this analysis. Statistics
FactorWF
for rows 2–8 (W – W ) represent the effects of the seven
2 8
A W W /X
factors.Thestatisticforrow9(W )representthetotalvariation
2 2
B W W /X
3 3
between the two replicate sets and is not used in this analysis.
C W W /X
4 4
Statistics for rows 10 through 16 (W – W ) are used to
10 16 E W W /X
5 5
calculatetheerrorvariance(X),whichthenisusedtocalculate F W W /X
6 6
G W W /X
7 7
the test criterion (F) for each factor, as shown by the equations
H W W /X
8 8
below. Calculations are summarized in Table 3.
W
W
W
X 5 ~ W !/7 (3)
( r
r510 W X = ((W )/7, for W
13 10-16
W
2 14
W
r W
F 5 , where F is the F statistic for the effect of factor
f f
W
X 16
f (1–7, represented by W – W , respectively)
2 8
7.6 A F value of$5.59 represents a significant effect for
factor f at a probability of 5% for drawing an erroneous
8. Keywords
conclusion.
7.7 An example of an analysis of data representing results
8.1 precision; ruggedness; test method; variation
on 4 materials from 3 laboratories is shown in Annex A1.
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. EXAMPLE OF A RUGGEDNESS PROGRAM
A1.1 This annex describes the procedure for conducting a A1.2.3 Topickmaterialsthatcovertherangeoftheproperty
ruggednessevaluationusingasanexampleadescriptionofthe ofinterestfortherangeofphysicalformsofthematerialstobe
ruggednessevaluationonatestmethodforthemeasurementof tested, and
the viscosity of asphalt. A1.2.4 To determine the proper levels to be evaluated for
each of the chosen variables.
A1.2 As the first step in the ruggedness evaluation, each of
A1.3 In this example, representatives of the three labora-
the laboratories critically examined the procedure in the
tories, after familiarizing themselves with the test method as
proposed test method. The objectives of the examination were
specified inA1.2, met and tried to improve the instructions for
as follows:
the viscosity method. They selected variables, materials, and
A1.2.1 To determine if the instructions are clear, concise,
levels that showed the effect of the variation. One of the
and complete,
laboratories measured viscosity at 24°C, 25°C, and 26°C and
A1.2.2 To decide which factors are likely to influence test found that there was about a 10% variation with a change of
results and therefore should be included in the study, 1°C. This was considered too large so 24.6 and 25.4°C were
C1067–00
selected as the lower and upper temperature levels for the row, Z , is the algebraic addition of the second row in Table
ruggedness test. In the same manner, the effect of the other A1.5 and measures the effect of temperature. In the same
variables were evaluated and the two levels to be evaluated manner, the third row, Z , measures the effect of the age of the
were determined. viscometer. The fourth row, Z , measures the effect of vacuum
level. The fifth row, Z , measures
...

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ABSTRACT
This practice provides guidance in preparing precision and bias statements for ASTM test methods pertaining to construction materials. Test method shall conform to the maximum acceptable range of individual measurements. In order to be valid the indexes of precision to be included in the precision statement as guides for the operator must be based on estimates of the precision of the test method obtained from a statistically designed inter-laboratory series of tests. This series of tests must involve a sufficient number of laboratories, materials, and replicate measurements so that the results obtained provide reliable estimates of the true precision characteristic of the test method. The procedures described in this practice are based on the assumption that the proper estimates of precision have already been obtained. In any test method, tolerances are placed on the accuracy of measuring equipment. All tests made with a given set of equipment which has an error within the permitted tolerance will produce results with a small consistent bias, but that bias is not inherent in the test method and is not included in the bias statement for the test method. There are two conditions which permit the bias of a test method to be estimated: a standard reference sample of known value has been tested by the test method, and the test method has been applied to a sample which has been compounded in such a manner that the true value of the property being measured is known, such as may be the case, for example, in a test for cement content of concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 The Form and Style for ASTM Standards requires that all test methods contain statements on precision and bias. Further, the precision statement is required to contain a statement on single-operator precision (repeatability) and a statement on multilaboratory precision (reproducibility). This practice provides guidance for preparing precision and bias statements that comply with these requirements. Discussion of the purpose and significance of precision and bias statements for users of test methods is also provided. Examples of precision statements that conform to this practice are included in Appendix X1. This practice supplements Practice E177 and has been developed to meet the needs of ASTM Committees dealing with construction materials.  
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SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of a ruggedness evaluation, or screening program, is to determine the sensitivity of the test method to changes in levels of pertinent operating factors using a small number of tests. Normally, operating conditions for a test method are defined along with allowable tolerances. A ruggedness analysis determines the effect of “worst-case” variation in operating conditions within the specified tolerances. If the ruggedness evaluation indicates that the factors have a statistically significant effect on test results, the method can be revised with smaller tolerances on operating conditions to reduce variation among test results.  
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ASTM
ASTM E136-24a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 °C

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Materials that pass this test by complying with the criteria in Section 15 are typically classified as noncombustible materials.  
5.2 While actual building fire exposure conditions are not duplicated, this test method will assist in indicating those materials which do not act to aid combustion or add appreciable heat to an ambient fire.  
5.3 Materials passing the test are permitted limited flaming and other indications of combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers the determination under specified laboratory conditions of the combustibility of building materials. Materials passing this test are typically classified as noncombustible materials.  
1.2 Limitations of this fire-test response test method are shown below.  
1.2.1 This test method does not apply to laminated or coated materials.  
1.2.2 This test method is not suitable or satisfactory for materials that flow, melt, or intumesce.  
1.2.3 This test method does not provide a measure of an intrinsic property.  
1.2.4 This test method does not provide a quantitative measure of heat generation or combustibility; it simply serves as a test method with selected (end point) measures of combustibility.  
1.2.5 The test method does not measure the self-heating tendencies of materials.  
1.2.6 In this test method materials are not being tested in the nature and form used in building applications. The test specimen consists of a small, specified volume that is either (1) cut from a thick sheet; (2) assembled from multiple thicknesses of thin sheets; or (3) placed in a container if composed of granular powder or loose-fiber materials.  
1.2.7 Results from this test method apply to the specific test apparatus and test conditions and are likely to vary when changes are made to one or more of the following: (1) the size, shape, and arrangement of the specimen; (2) the distribution of organic content; (3) the exposure temperature; (4) the air supply; (5) the location of thermocouples.  
1.3 This test method includes two options, both of which use a furnace to expose test specimens of building materials to a temperature of 750 °C (1382 °F).  
1.3.1 The furnace for the apparatus for Option A consists of a ceramic tube containing an electric heating coil, and two concentric vertical refractory tubes.  
1.3.2 The furnace for the apparatus for Option B (Test Method E2652) consists of an enclosed refractory tube surrounded by a heating coil with a cone-shaped airflow stabilizer.  
1.4 This test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C670-24a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials

ABSTRACT
This practice provides guidance in preparing precision and bias statements for ASTM test methods pertaining to construction materials. Test method shall conform to the maximum acceptable range of individual measurements. In order to be valid the indexes of precision to be included in the precision statement as guides for the operator must be based on estimates of the precision of the test method obtained from a statistically designed inter-laboratory series of tests. This series of tests must involve a sufficient number of laboratories, materials, and replicate measurements so that the results obtained provide reliable estimates of the true precision characteristic of the test method. The procedures described in this practice are based on the assumption that the proper estimates of precision have already been obtained. In any test method, tolerances are placed on the accuracy of measuring equipment. All tests made with a given set of equipment which has an error within the permitted tolerance will produce results with a small consistent bias, but that bias is not inherent in the test method and is not included in the bias statement for the test method. There are two conditions which permit the bias of a test method to be estimated: a standard reference sample of known value has been tested by the test method, and the test method has been applied to a sample which has been compounded in such a manner that the true value of the property being measured is known, such as may be the case, for example, in a test for cement content of concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 The Form and Style for ASTM Standards requires that all test methods contain statements on precision and bias. Further, the precision statement is required to contain a statement on single-operator precision (repeatability) and a statement on multilaboratory precision (reproducibility). This practice provides guidance for preparing precision and bias statements that comply with these requirements. Discussion of the purpose and significance of precision and bias statements for users of test methods is also provided. Examples of precision statements that conform to this practice are included in Appendix X1. This practice supplements Practice E177 and has been developed to meet the needs of ASTM Committees dealing with construction materials.  
Note 1: Although this practice is under the jurisdiction of Committee C09, the current version was developed jointly by Committees C01 and C09 and has subsequently been adopted for use by other committees dealing with construction materials.  
1.2 This practice assumes that an interlaboratory study (ILS) has been completed in accordance with Practice C802 or Practice E691. The interlaboratory study provides the necessary statistical values to write the precision and bias statements.  
1.3 The system of units for this practice is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only in examples of precision and bias statements.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E84-23d(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to provide only comparative measurements of surface flame spread and smoke density measurements with that of select grade red oak and fiber-cement board surfaces under the specific fire exposure conditions described herein.  
4.2 This test method exposes a nominal 24-ft (7.32 m) long by 20-in. (508 mm) wide specimen to a controlled air flow and flaming fire exposure adjusted to spread the flame along the entire length of the select grade red oak specimen in 5 1/2 min.  
4.3 This test method does not provide for the following:  
4.3.1 Measurement of heat transmission through the tested surface.  
4.3.2 The effect of aggravated flame spread behavior of an assembly resulting from the proximity of combustible walls and ceilings.  
4.3.3 Classifying or defining a material as noncombustible, by means of a flame spread index by itself.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard for the comparative surface burning behavior of building materials is applicable to exposed surfaces such as walls and ceilings. The test is conducted with the specimen in the ceiling position with the surface to be evaluated exposed face down to the ignition source. The material, product, or assembly shall be capable of being mounted in the test position during the test. Thus, the specimen shall either be self-supporting by its own structural quality, held in place by added supports along the test surface, or secured from the back side.  
1.2 Test Method E84 is a 10-min fire-test response method. The following standards address testing of materials in accordance with test methods that are applications or variations of the test method or apparatus used for Test Method E84:  
1.2.1 Materials required by the user to meet an extended 30-min duration tunnel test shall be tested in accordance with Test Method E2768.  
1.2.2 Wires and cables for use in air-handling spaces shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 262.  
1.2.3 Pneumatic tubing for control systems shall be tested in accordance with UL 1820.  
1.2.4 Combustible sprinkler piping shall be tested in accordance with UL 1887.  
1.2.5 Optical fiber and communications raceways for use in air handling spaces shall be tested in accordance with UL 2024.
Note 1: Annex A13 includes additional information describing a standard other than those listed in this section that also utilizes a modification of the apparatus used for Test Method E84.  
1.3 The purpose of this test method is to determine the relative burning behavior of the material by observing the flame spread along the specimen. Flame spread and smoke developed index are reported. However, there is not necessarily a relationship between these two measurements.  
1.4 The use of supporting materials on the underside of the test specimen has the ability to lower the flame spread index from those which might be obtained if the specimen could be tested without such support. These test results do not necessarily relate to indices obtained by testing materials without such support.  
1.5 Testing of materials that melt, drip, or delaminate to such a degree that the continuity of the flame front is destroyed, results in low flame spread indices that do not relate directly to indices obtained by testing materials that remain in place.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required f...

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ASTM
ASTM C1670/C1670M-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Adhered Manufactured Stone Masonry Veneer Units

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the minimum product requirements for adhered manufactured stone masonry veneer (AMSMV) units which are manufactured from cementitious materials, aggregates, air-entraining admixtures, concrete admixtures, coloring pigments, reinforcement fibers, and other components which are wet-cast into shapes simulating the appearance of stone, rocks found in nature, and other textures. It also addresses sampling, physical properties and testing, finish and appearance, product identification and packaging, and reporting.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum product requirements for adhered manufactured stone masonry veneer units applied as an adhered veneer to exterior and interior walls and structures suitable to receive units.  
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of delivery. This standard does not address the physical evaluation of installed units removed from service.  
1.3 The units described by this specification are manufactured from a mixture of cement, normal or lightweight aggregates (or a combination of both), water, admixtures, other cementitious materials and other components which are wet-cast into shapes simulating the appearance of natural stone and other textures.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: When particular features are desired such as surface textures or color these features should be specified separately. Suppliers should be consulted as to the availability of units having the desired features.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM G162-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conducting and Evaluating Laboratory Corrosion Tests in Soils

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a controlled corrosive environment that has been utilized to produce relative corrosion information.  
4.2 The primary application of the data from this practice is to evaluate the performance of metallic materials for use in soil environments.  
4.3 This practice may not duplicate all field conditions and variables such as stray currents, microbiologically influenced corrosion, non-homogeneous conditions, pollutants in the soil, and long cell corrosion. The reproducibility of results in the practice is highly dependent on the type of specimen tested and the evaluation criteria selected as well as the control of the operating variables. In any testing program, sufficient replicates should be included to establish the variability of the results.  
4.4 Structures and components may be made of several different metals; therefore, the practice may be used to evaluate galvanic corrosion effects in soils (see Guide G71).  
4.5 Structures and components may be coated with sacrificial or noble metal coatings, which may be scratched or otherwise rendered discontinuous (for example, no coating on the edges of metal strips cut from a wide sheet). This test is useful to evaluate the effect of defective metallic coatings.  
4.6 Structures and components may be coated or jacketed with organic materials (for example, paints and plastics), and these coatings and jackets may be rendered discontinuous. The test is useful to evaluate the effect of defective or incompletely covering coatings and jackets.
Note 1: The corrosivity of soils strongly depends on soluble salt content (related parameters are chemistry and soil resistivity, see Test Methods G57 and G187), acidity or alkalinity (measured by soil pH, see Test Method G51), Temperature, and oxygen content (loose, for example, sand, or compact, for example, clay, soils are extreme examples, see Test Method G200 – oxidation-reduction potential). The manufacturer, supplier, or user, or combination the...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for conducting laboratory corrosion tests in soils to evaluate the potential for corrosion attack on engineering materials in soils. The test is conducted under laboratory ambient temperature unless the effect of temperature is being evaluated. This practice does not include provisions for microbiological influenced corrosion (MIC) testing, nor its influence on results.  
1.2 This practice covers specimen selection and preparation, test environments, evaluation, and reporting of test results.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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