ASTM D1963-85(1996)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Drying Oils, Varnishes, Resins, and Related Materials at 25/25°C (Withdrawn 2004)
Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Drying Oils, Varnishes, Resins, and Related Materials at 25/25°C (Withdrawn 2004)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific gravity of drying oils, varnishes, alkyd resins, fatty acids, and related materials.
1.2 This test method is recommended where precision is required in the determination of specific gravity, such as establishing specifications or referee work.
1.2.1 For materials with a kinematic viscosity of 40 stokes or less, use the Leach type pycnometer.
1.2.2 For materials with a viscosity in excess of 40 stokes, use the Hubbard-type pycnometer.
1.2.3 For materials that are solid or semisolid at 25°C but liquid at slightly higher temperatures, use the Hubbard-type pycnometer. Note 1-The weight per gallon cup method is satisfactory for most routine laboratory work although the precision does not equal that of the pycnometer method. The test method described herein for use with the Hubbard-type pycnometer is applicable to the weight per gallon cup method, or Test Method D1475 may be used. Note 2-Hydrometers also provide a rapid method for checking specific gravity and are generally satisfactory for routine control work. However, the precision of the hydrometer method is not adequate where accurate results are required. Test Method D1298 covers the use of the hydrometer in the determination of specific gravity. Most ASTM Hydrometers (See Specification E100) are calibrated to read specific gravity at 15.5/15.5°C (60/60°F). Information on sources of hydrometers calibrated at 25/25°C is available at ASTM Headquarters.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. >For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the specific gravity of drying oils, varnishes, alkyd resins, fatty acids, and related materials.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this test method was withdrawn in December 2004 in accordance with section 10.6.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 1963 – 85 (Reapproved 1996)
Standard Test Method for
Specific Gravity of Drying Oils, Varnishes, Resins, and
Related Materials at 25/25°C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1963; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
Gravity) or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthespecific
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
gravity of drying oils, varnishes, alkyd resins, fatty acids, and
D 1475 Test Method for Density of Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
related materials.
and Related Products
1.2 This test method is recommended where precision is
E 100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
required in the determination of specific gravity, such as
establishing specifications or referee work.
3. Terminology
1.2.1 For materials with a kinematic viscosity of 40 stokes
3.1 Definition:
or less, use the Leach type pycnometer.
3.1.1 specific gravity, of drying oils and varnishes—the
1.2.2 For materials with a viscosity in excess of 40 stokes,
ratio of the mass of a given volume of material at 25°C to that
use the Hubbard-type pycnometer.
of an equal volume of water at 25°C, expressed as follows:
1.2.3 For materials that are solid or semisolid at 25°C but
Specific gravity at 25/25°C___ .
liquid at slightly higher temperatures, use the Hubbard-type
pycnometer.
4. Significance and Use
NOTE 1—The weight per gallon cup method is satisfactory for most
4.1 Specific gravity is a useful measure, since conversion
routine laboratory work although the precision does not equal that of the
fromvolumetoweight,orviceversa,isoftenrequired.Forthis
pycnometer method. The test method described herein for use with the
reason it should be determined with care.
Hubbard-type pycnometer is applicable to the weight per gallon cup
4.2 Specific gravity is very sensitive to temperature, and the
method, or Test Method D 1475 may be used.
temperature of measurement must be controlled, or at least
NOTE 2—Hydrometers also provide a rapid method for checking known, with high precision. If the specific gravity at some
specific gravity and are generally satisfactory for routine control work.
temperature other than the standard is required, temperature
However, the precision of the hydrometer method is not adequate where
correction factors for this purpose are provided. These factors
accurate results are required. Test Method D 1298 covers the use of the
may also be used to correct the specific gravity from some
hydrometer in the determination of specific gravity.
other temperature to the standard 25/25°C.
Most ASTM Hydrometers (See Specification E 100) are calibrated to
4.3 In addition, various procedures are outlined in this test
read specific gravity at 15.5/15.5°C (60/60°F). Information on sources of
method so that specific gravities of materials with widely
hydrometers calibrated at 25/25°C is available at ASTM Headquarters.
varying viscosities can be accurately measured.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.4 Specificgravityisnotameasureofthequalityoftheoil,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and an oil that deviates slightly from the specified limits, but
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
otherwise conforms, is usually completely satisfactory. Spe-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cific gravity increases with polymerization or oxidation in a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
regular manner, and for every bodied or blown oil of a given
statements, see Section 6.
viscosity there is an appropriate specific gravity.
4.5 Determine the specific gravity in accordance with this
2. Referenced Documents
test method, which is capable of high precision and is the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
referee method. If less accurate results (3 significant figures)
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications, and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.32 on Drying Oils. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Current edition approved Nov. 29, 1985. Published January 1986. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
published as D 1963 – 61. Last previous edition D 1963 –74 (1984). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 1963 – 85 (1996)
are adequate, “weight-per-gallon” cups as described in Test nometer from the bath. Dry the outside of the pycnometer by
Method D 1475 may be used. wiping dry with an absorbent material. Take care not to handle
the pycnometer so as to raise the temperature markedly or
5. Apparatus
leave fingerprints. Immediately weigh to 0.1 mg and record the
5.1 Leach-Type Pycnometer—A glass pycnometer, conical
weight as B.
in shape and vented by a side arm that has a cap with a
8. Calibration of Hubbard-Type Pycnometer
standard-taper No. 5/12 joint.Athermometer shall be sealed in
the neck by a standard-taper No. 10/18 interchangeable joint.
8.1 Clean and weigh the pycnometer as described in 7.1.
The thermometer shall have a range from 12 to 38°C in 0.2°C
8.2 Fill the pycnometer with freshly boiled, distilled water
divisions. Either 25 or 50-mL capacity is satisfactory. Weld
at a temperature of approximately 20°C. Insert the stopper,
pycnometers have also been found suitable.
taking care that no air bubbles are entrapped.
5.2 Hubbard-Type Pycnometer—A glass pycnometer, coni- 1
8.3 Immerseinthewaterbathat25 60.1°Ctoalevelof ⁄16
cal or cylindrical in shape, and fitted with a ground glass
to ⁄8 in. (1.5 to 3.2 mm) above the water until constant
stopper 22 to 26 mm in diameter. The stopper shall have a 1.0
temperature is reached (approximately 1 h).
to 2.0-mm vertical hole in the center. The top of the stopper
8.4 Seat the stopper firmly in the pycnometer and blot the
shall be a plane, smooth surface. The under surface of the
water from the surface so that the level in the bore is flush with
stopper shall be concave (approximately 5 mm at the center) to
the surface. Remove the pycnometer from the bath, wipe dry
let the air escape when it is inserted. The capacity shall be
with a clean cloth, and weigh immediately, recording the mass
about 25 to 30 mL and the weight not more than 40 g.
as B. (The pycnometer may be cooled slightly before weighing
5.3 Water Bath, capable of being maintained at 25 6 0.1°C.
to prevent loss of water through the capillary.) Calibrate until
consistent results are obtained.
6. Hazards
6.1 Chromic Acid Cleaning Solution is based on concen-
9. Procedure Using Leach-Type Pycnometer
trated sulfuric acid t
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