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ASTM D7668-14

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method

Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The ID and CD values and the DCN value determined by this test method provides a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel oil used in compression ignition engines.  
5.2 This test can be used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a specification aid to relate or match fuels and engines.  
5.3 The relationship of diesel fuel oil DCN determinations to the performance of full-scale, variable-speed, variable-load diesel engines is not completely understood.  
5.4 This test can be applied to non-conventional diesel fuels.  
5.5 This test determines ignition characteristics and requires a sample of approximately 370 mL and a test time of approximately 30 min using a fit-for-use instrument.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the derived cetane number of conventional diesel fuel oils, diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives, and is applicable to products typical of Specification D975, Grades No.1-D and 2-D regular, low and ultra-low-sulfur diesel fuel oils, European standard EN590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517 and CAN/CGSB3.6. The test method may be applied to the quantitative determination of the derived cetane number of biodiesel, blends of diesel fuel oils containing biodiesel material (for example, Specifications D975, D6751, and D7467), and diesel fuel oil blending components.  
1.2 This test method utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber with direct fuel injection into heated, compressed synthetic air. A dynamic pressure wave is produced from the combustion of the sample. An equation converts the ignition delay and the combustion delay determined from the dynamic pressure curve to a derived cetane number (DCN).  
1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay ranging from 1.9 to 25 ms and combustion delay ranging from 2.5 to 160 ms (30 to 70 DCN). However, the precision stated only covers the range of DCN from 39 to 67.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2014
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.01.0C - Test Equipment, Procedures, and Instrumentation
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7668-12a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
Effective Date
01-Feb-2014
Referred By
ASTM D6751-23a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
01-Feb-2014
Referred By
ASTM D1655-23 - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
Effective Date
01-Feb-2014
Referred By
ASTM D975-23 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
Effective Date
01-Feb-2014
Referred By
ASTM D7467-20a - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2014

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ASTM D7668-14 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber MethodASTM D7668-14 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
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ASTM D7668-14 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
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REDLINE ASTM D7668-14 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber MethodREDLINE ASTM D7668-14 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
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REDLINE ASTM D7668-14 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7668 − 14
StandardTest Method for
Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel
Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a
1
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7668; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination
D613Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
of the derived cetane number of conventional diesel fuel oils,
D975Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives,
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
and is applicable to products typical of Specification D975,
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Grades No.1-D and 2-D regular, low and ultra-low-sulfur
Petroleum Products
diesel fuel oils, European standard EN590, and Canadian
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
standards CAN/CGSB-3.517 and CAN/CGSB3.6. The test
Products, and Lubricants
methodmaybeappliedtothequantitativedeterminationofthe
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
derived cetane number of biodiesel, blends of diesel fuel oils
Petroleum Products
containing biodiesel material (for example, Specifications
D5854Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
D975, D6751, and D7467), and diesel fuel oil blending
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
components.
D6299Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
1.2 This test method utilizes a constant volume combustion and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
chamber with direct fuel injection into heated, compressed
D6300Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
synthetic air. A dynamic pressure wave is produced from the
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
combustion of the sample. An equation converts the ignition
Lubricants
delay and the combustion delay determined from the dynamic
D6708Practice for StatisticalAssessment and Improvement
pressure curve to a derived cetane number (DCN).
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay ranging from
Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
1.9to25msandcombustiondelayrangingfrom2.5to160ms
D6751Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)
(30 to 70 DCN). However, the precision stated only covers the
for Middle Distillate Fuels
range of DCN from 39 to 67.
D7467Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend
(B6 to B20)
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3
2.2 EN Standards:
standard.
EN590Automotive Fuels—Diesel—Requirements and Test
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Methods
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4
2.3 Energy Institute Standards:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
IP41Ignition Quality of Diesel Fuels—Cetane Engine Test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of the ASTM website.
3
Subcommittee D02.01.0C on Test Equipment, Procedures, and Instrumentation. Available from European Committee for Standardization. Central Secretariat:
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally rue de Stassart, 36,B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
4
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D7668–12. DOI: Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
10.1520/D7668–14. U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7668 − 14
5
2.4 Canadian Standards: 3.2.4 combustion analyzer, n—an integrated compression
CAN/CGSB-3.517 Regular Sulphur Diesel Fuel— ignition apparatus to measure the ignition and combustion
Specification characteristics of diesel fuel oil.
CAN/CGSB 3.6A
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7668 − 12a D7668 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel
Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a
1
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7668; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the derived cetane number of conventional diesel fuel oils, diesel
fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives, and is applicable to products typical of Specification D975, Grades No.1-D
and 2-D regular, low and ultra-low-sulfur diesel fuel oils, European standard EN590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517
and CAN/CGSB3.6. The test method may be applied to the quantitative determination of the derived cetane number of biodiesel,
blends of diesel fuel oils containing biodiesel material (for example, SpecificationSpecifications D975, D6751biodiesel,, and
D7467), and diesel fuel oil blending components.
1.2 This test method utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber with direct fuel injection into heated, compressed synthetic
air. A dynamic pressure wave is produced from the combustion of the sample. An equation converts the ignition delay and the
combustion delay determined from the dynamic pressure curve to a derived cetane number (DCN).
1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay ranging from 2.81.9 to 6.525 ms and combustion delay ranging from 5.52.5 to
120160 ms (30.0(30 to 65.070 DCN). However, the precision stated only covers the range of DCN from 3539 to 60.67.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport
to Measure the Same Property of a Material
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.01.0C on Test Equipment, Procedures, and Instrumentation.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012Feb. 1, 2014. Published November 2013March 2014. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as
D7668 – 12.D7668–12. DOI: 10.1520/D7668-12A.10.1520/D7668–14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7668 − 14
3
2.2 EN Standards:
EN590 Automotive Fuels—Diesel—Requirements and Test Methods
4
2.3 Energy Institute Standards:
IP41 Ignition Quality of Diesel Fuels—Cetane Engine Test Method
5
2.4 Canadian Standards:
CAN/CGSB-3.517 Regular
...

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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see Section 7 and subsection 8.1.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.  
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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