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ASTM D2266-91(1996)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)

Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the wear preventive characteristics of greases in sliding steel-on-steel applications. It is not intended to predict wear characteristics with metal combinations other than steel-on-steel or to evaluate the extreme pressure characteristics of the grease.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except where the test apparatus or consumable parts are only available in other units. In such cases, these will be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-2001
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.G0 - Lubricating Grease
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D2266-01 - Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4172-21 - Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Fluid (Four-Ball Method)
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001
Referred By
ASTM D8324-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General Permit
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4950-22 - Standard Classification and Specification for Automotive Service Greases
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001
Referred By
ASTM D6185-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Binary Mixtures of Lubricating Greases
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001
Referred By
ASTM F2489-06(2022) - Standard Guide for Instrument and Precision Bearing Lubricants—Part 2 Greases
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001

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ASTM D2266-91(1996) - Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)ASTM D2266-91(1996) - Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)
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ASTM D2266-91(1996) - Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2266 – 91 (Reapproved 1996) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease
(Four-Ball Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2266; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This test method has been adopted for use by government agencies to replace Method 6514 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 791b.
1. Scope the relative wear-preventing properties of greases under the test
conditions and if the test conditions are changed the relative
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the wear
ratings may be different. No correlation has been established
preventive characteristics of greases in sliding steel-on-steel
between the four-ball wear test and field service. The test
applications. It is not intended to predict wear characteristics
method cannot be used to differentiate between Extreme
with metal combinations other than steel-on-steel or to evaluate
Pressure (EP) and Non-Extreme Pressure (Non-EP) Greases.
the extreme pressure characteristics of the grease.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
6. Apparatus
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
6.1 Four-Ball Wear-Tester and Accessories—See Fig. 1 and
only.
Fig. 2.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
NOTE 1—It is important to distinguish between the Four-Ball EP Tester
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- and the Four-Ball Wear Tester. The Four-Ball Wear Tester can be used
under a variety of test conditions at loads up to 50 kgf. The Four-Ball EP
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Tester is designed for testing under more severe conditions and lacks the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
sensitivity necessary for the four-ball wear test.
statement see 7.2, 7.3, and 9.1.
7. Reagents and Materials
2. Referenced Documents
7.1 Test Balls—Test balls shall be chrome alloy steel, made
2.1 ASTM Standards:
from AISI standard steel No. E-52100, with diameter of 12.7
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
mm (0.5 in.), Grade 25 EP (Extra Polish). Such balls are
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
described in ANSI Specifications B 3.12, for Metal Balls. The
2.2 Other Document:
Extra-Polish finish is not described in that specification. The
ANSI Specifications B 3.12 for Metal Balls
Rockwell C hardness shall be 64 to 66, a closer limit than is
found in the ANSI requirement.
3. Terminology
3.1 There are no terms in this standard that require new or NOTE 2—Steel balls meeting this description were used in developing
the precision of the test. They are available from ball, bearing, or
other than dictionary definitions.
laboratory equipment manufacturers and distributors. All balls used in one
4. Summary of Test Method test should be taken from one carton (of 500 balls) as received from the
supplier.
4.1 A steel ball is rotated under load against three stationary
7.2 ASTM n-Heptane.
steel balls having grease-lubricated surfaces. The diameters of
the wear scars on the stationary balls are measured after
NOTE 3—Warning: Flammable. Harmful if swallowed.
completion of the test.
7.3 Stoddard Solvent, conforming to requirements of Speci-
fication D 235.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The four-ball wear-test method can be used to determine
NOTE 4—Warning: Combustible. Vapor harmful.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Further details on this test method may be found in: Stallings, L., et al., NLGI
D02.G on Lubricating Grease. Spokesman, Vol 31, No. 11, February 1968, pp. 396–401.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 1991. Published November 1991. Originally The Four-Ball Wear Tester, available from Falex Corp., 2055 Comprehensive
published as D 2266 – 64 T. Last previous edition D 2266 – 86. Drive, Aurora, IL 60505, has been found suitable for this purpose.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. Described in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04, Test Methods for
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, Rating Motor Diesel and Aviation Fuels, Annex 2, Section A2.7 Reference
13th Floor, New York, NY 10036. Materials.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2266
grease and level off with the top surface of the locknut.
10. Procedure
10.1 For Falex (Roxanna) Deadweight Loaded Four-Ball
Wear Tester—Place the ball pot into the ball-pot holder and
position this assembly in the test unit. Raise the assembly and
insert the pivot pin so that the tapered ends (pivot points) rest
in hardened seats. Lower the assembly, thereby applying the
load at a specific point on the balance beam. Check to see that
no binding occurs. Turn the adjusting screw on the balance
beam until the arm is balanced. Check sensitivity by moving
the poise on the balance beam. A change in loading of 0.2 kgf
(2 N) should produce a noticeable deflection from the balance
point.
10.2 For Precision Four-Ball Wear Tester—Lock the load
FIG. 1 Precision Scientific Company Four-Ball Test Arrangement
arm by means of the sliding lock. Place the poise and weight
support on the load arm. Position the ball-pot assembly on the
torque arm and heater assembly. Remove the ring assembly,
place the ball-pot assembly in position and replace the ring
assembly. Disengage the sliding lock to release the load arm
and balance by adjusting the load arm counterweight and
locknut.
10.3 Ensure that the drive is arranged for the specified speed
(1200 rpm). Apply the sp
...

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