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ASTM D2266-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)

Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The four-ball wear-test method can be used to determine the relative wear-preventing properties of greases under the test conditions and if the test conditions are changed the relative ratings may be different. No correlation has been established between the four-ball wear test and field service. The test method cannot be used to differentiate between Extreme Pressure (EP) and Non-Extreme Pressure (Non-EP) Greases.5
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the wear preventive characteristics of greases in sliding steel-on-steel applications. It is not intended to predict wear characteristics with metal combinations other than steel-on-steel or to evaluate the extreme pressure characteristics of the grease.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except where the test apparatus or consumable parts are only available in other units. In such cases, these will be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-2001
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.G0.04 - Functional Tests - Tribology
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2266-91(1996) - Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D2266-01(2008) - Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)
Effective Date
01-May-2008
Referred By
ASTM D8324-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General Permit
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4172-21 - Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Fluid (Four-Ball Method)
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4950-22 - Standard Classification and Specification for Automotive Service Greases
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001
Referred By
ASTM D6185-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Binary Mixtures of Lubricating Greases
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001
Referred By
ASTM F2489-06(2022) - Standard Guide for Instrument and Precision Bearing Lubricants—Part 2 Greases
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001

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ASTM D2266-01 - Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)ASTM D2266-01 - Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)
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ASTM D2266-01 - Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 2266 – 01
Standard Test Method for
Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease
1
(Four-Ball Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2266; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the wear 4.1 Three ⁄2 in. (12.7-mm) diameter steel balls are clamped
preventive characteristics of greases in sliding steel-on-steel together and covered with the lubricant to be evaluated. A
1
applications. It is not intended to predict wear characteristics fourth ⁄2 in. diameter steel ball, referred to as the top ball, is
withmetalcombinationsotherthansteel-on-steelortoevaluate pressed with a force of 40 kgf (392 N) into the cavity formed
the extreme pressure characteristics of the grease. by the three clamped balls for three-point contact. The tem-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the peratureofthelubricatinggreasespecimenisregulatedat75°C
standard except where the test apparatus or consumable parts (167°F) and then the top ball is rotated at 1200 rpm for 60 min.
are only available in other units. In such cases, these will be Lubricants are compared by using the average size of the scar
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for diameters worn on the three lower clamped balls.
information only.
NOTE 1—Because of differences in the construction of the various
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
machines on which the four-ball test can be made, the manufacturer’s
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
instructions should be consulted for proper machine setup and operation.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 2—Although the test can be run under other test parameters, the
precision noted in Section 11 can vary when testing with other than test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
parameters listed in Section 8.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 The four-ball wear-test method can be used to determine
2.1 ASTM Standards:
therelativewear-preventingpropertiesofgreasesunderthetest
D 4172 Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of
2
conditions and if the test conditions are changed the relative
Lubricating Fluid (Four-Ball Method)
ratings may be different. No correlation has been established
D 6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
between the four-ball wear test and field service. The test
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
3 method cannot be used to differentiate between Extreme
Lubricants
5
Pressure (EP) and Non-Extreme Pressure (Non-EP) Greases.
2.2 ANSI Standard:
4
B3.12 for Metal Balls
6. Apparatus
3. Terminology 6.1 Four-Ball Wear-Tester andAccessories—See Fig. 1 and
6
Fig. 2.
3.1 There are no terms in this test method that require new
or other than dictionary definitions.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.G0.04 on Functional Tests - Tribology.
5
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2001. Published February 2002. Originally Further details on this test method may be found in: Stallings, L., et al., NLGI
published as D 2266 – 64 T. Last previous edition D 2266 – 91 (1996). Spokesman, Vol 31, No. 11, February 1968, pp. 396–401.
6
This test method has been adopted for use by government agencies to replace The Four-Ball Wear Test Machine, available from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark
Method 6514 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 791b. Drive, Sugar Grove, IL 60554 has been found satisfactory for this purpose. This
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. company can also furnish a microscope with a special base to measure the wear
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04. scars without removing the balls from the test-oil cup. Discontinued models of the
4
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Four-BallWearTestMachinemadebyPrecisionScientificCo.andRoxanaMachine
Floor, New York, NY 10036. Works are also satisfactory.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2266–01
NOTE 4—Steel balls meeting this description were used in developing
the precision
...

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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    9 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off