ASTM D6468-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for High Temperature Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels
Standard Test Method for High Temperature Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides an indication of thermal oxidative stability of distillate fuels when heated to high temperatures that simulate those that may occur in some types of recirculating engine or burner fuel delivery systems. Results have not been substantially correlated to engine or burner operation. The test method can be useful for investigation of operational problems related to fuel thermal stability.
When the test method is used to monitor manufacture or storage of fuels, changes in filter rating values can indicate a relative change in inherent stability. Storage stability predictions are more reliable when correlated to longer-term storage tests, for example, Test Method D 4625, or other lower temperature, long-term tests. When fuel samples are freshly produced, aging for 180 min, instead of the traditional 90-min interval, tends to give a result correlating more satisfactorily with the above methods (see Appendix X2).
The test method uses a filter paper with a nominal porosity of 11 μm, which will not capture all of the sediment formed during aging but allows differentiation over a broad range. Reflectance ratings are also affected by the color of filterable insolubles, which may not correlate to the mass of the material filtered from the aged fuel sample. Therefore, no quantitative relationship exists between the pad rating and the gravimetric mass of filterable insolubles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers relative stability of middle distillate fuels under high temperature aging conditions with limited air exposure. This test method is suitable for all No. 1 and No. 2 grades in Specifications D 396, D 975, D 2880, and D 3699. It is also suitable for similar fuels meeting other specifications.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for fuels whose flash point, as determined by Test Methods D 56, D 93, or D 3828, is less than 38°C. This test method is not suitable for fuels containing residual oil.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The maximum vacuum includes inch-pound units in 6.5 and 11.2.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6468 − 08
StandardTest Method for
1
High Temperature Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6468; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2880Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D3699Specification for Kerosine
1.1 This test method covers relative stability of middle
D3828Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
distillate fuels under high temperature aging conditions with
Cup Tester
limited air exposure. This test method is suitable for all No. 1
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
and No. 2 grades in Specifications D396, D975, D2880, and
Petroleum Products
D3699. It is also suitable for similar fuels meeting other
D4625Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage
specifications.
Stability at 43°C (110°F)
1.2 This test method is not suitable for fuels whose flash
D5452Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-
point, as determined by Test Methods D56, D93,or D3828,is
tion Fuels by Laboratory Filtration
less than 38°C. This test method is not suitable for fuels
3. Terminology
containing residual oil.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.1 adherent insolubles—material that is produced in the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
course of stressing distillate fuel and that adheres to the
standard.
glassware after fuel has been flushed from the system.
1.3.1 Exception—The maximum vacuum includes inch-
pound units in 6.5 and 11.2.
3.1.2 filterable insolubles—material that is produced in the
course of stressing distillate fuel and that is capable of being
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
removed from the fuel by filtration.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3 inherent stability—the resistance to change when ex-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
posed to air, but in the absence of other environmental factors
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
such as water, reactive metal surfaces, and dirt.
3.1.4 storage stability—the resistance of fuel to formation
2. Referenced Documents
of degradation products when stored at ambient temperatures.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.5 thermal stability—the resistance of fuel to formation
D56Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
of degradation products when thermally stressed.
D93Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Closed Cup Tester 4. Summary of Test Method
D396Specification for Fuel Oils
4.1 Two50-mLvolumesoffilteredmiddledistillatefuelare
D975Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
aged for 90 or 180 min at 150°C in open tubes with air
D1500Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
exposure.Afteragingandcooling,thefuelsamplesarefiltered
(ASTM Color Scale)
and the average amount of filterable insolubles is estimated by
D2274TestMethodforOxidationStabilityofDistillateFuel
measuring the light reflectance of the filter pads. The 100 and
Oil (Accelerated Method)
0% extremes of the reflectance rating range are defined by an
unused filter pad and a commercial black standard, respec-
tively.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee 3
5. Significance and Use
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally
5.1 This test method provides an indication of thermal
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6468–06. DOI:
oxidative stability of distillate fuels when heated to high
10.1520/D6468-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Henry, C. P., “The du Pont F21 149°C (300°F) Accelerated Stability Test,”
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Distillate Fuel Stability and Cleanliness, ASTM STP 751, Stavinoha, L. L. and
the ASTM website. Henry, C. P., Eds., ASTM International, 1981, pp. 22-33.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6468 − 08
obtained. Glass filter holders that use a 75-µm (200-mesh) screen to
temperatures that simulate those that may occur in some types
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D6468–06 Designation:D6468–08
Standard Test Method for
1
High Temperature Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6468; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers relative stability of middle distillate fuels under high temperature aging conditions with limited air
exposure. This test method is suitable for all No. 1 and No. 2 grades in Specifications D 396, D 975, D 2880, and D 3699and for
grades DMX and DMA in Specification D2069. It is also suitable for similar fuels meeting other specifications.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for fuels whose flash point, as determined by Test Methods D 56, D 93, or D 3828, is less
than 38°C. This test method is not suitable for fuels containing residual oil.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The maximum vacuum includes inch-pound units in 6.5 and 11.2.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale) D2069Specification for Marine Fuels
D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D 3699 Specification for Kerosine
D 3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4625 Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43C (110F)
D 5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Aviation Fuels by Laboratory Filtration
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 adherent insolubles—material that is produced in the course of stressing distillate fuel and that adheres to the glassware
after fuel has been flushed from the system.
3.1.2 filterable insolubles—material that is produced in the course of stressing distillate fuel and that is capable of being
removed from the fuel by filtration.
3.1.3 inherent stability—the resistance to change when exposed to air, but in the absence of other environmental factors such
as water, reactive metal surfaces, and dirt.
3.1.4 storage stability—the resistance of fuel to formation of degradation products when stored at ambient temperatures.
3.1.5 thermal stability—the resistance of fuel to formation of degradation products when thermally stressed.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.14 on
Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved MayJuly 1, 2006.2008. Published May 2006.August 2008. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20042006 as
D6468–99(2004).D 6468–06.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D6468–08
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Two 50-mL volumes of filtered middle distillate fuel are aged for 90 or 180 min at 150°C in open tubes with air exposure.
After aging and cooling, the fuel samples are filtered and the average amount of filterable insolubles is estimated by measuring
the light reflectance of the filter pads.The 100 and 0 % extremes of the reflectance rating range are defined by an unused filter pad
and a commercial black standard, respectively
...
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