ASTM E2515-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected by a Dilution tunnel
Standard Test Method for Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected by a Dilution tunnel
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable for the determination of particulate matter emissions from solid-fuel-burning appliances including woodstoves, pellet-burning appliances, factory-built fireplaces, masonry fireplaces, masonry heaters, and outdoor hydronic heaters within a laboratory environment.
1.2 Analytes will be a particulate matter (PM) with no CAS number assigned. For data quality objectives, see Appendix X1.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E2515–07
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected by
a Dilution Tunnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2515; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 laboratory environment—the area or room that is used
for the storage, weighing, assembly, disassembly and desicca-
1.1 This test method is applicable for the determination of
tion of filters and related equipment (sample recovery and
particulate matter emissions from solid-fuel-burning appli-
analysis)
ances including woodstoves, pellet-burning appliances,
3.1.2 particulate matter (PM)—all gas-borne matter result-
factory-built fireplaces, masonry fireplaces, masonry heaters,
ing from combustion of solid fuel, as specified in the appliance
and outdoor hydronic heaters within a laboratory environment.
operation test method, that is collected and retained by the
1.2 Analytes will be a particulate matter (PM) with no CAS
specified filter and probe system under the conditions of the
number assigned. For data quality objectives, see Appendix
test.
X1.
3.1.3 test facility—the area in which the tested appliance is
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
installed, operated and sampled for emissions.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This test method does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The total flue-gas exhaust from a solid fuel burning
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
appliance is collected along with ambient dilution air with a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
collection hood. Duplicate sampling trains are used to extract
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
gas samples from the dilution tunnel for determination of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
particulate matter concentrations. Each sample train has two
2. Referenced Documents glass fiber filters in series. The samples are withdrawn at a
consistently proportional rate from sampling points located at
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the centroid of a sampling tunnel. During sampling, the filters
D 2986 Practice for Evaluation of Air Assay Media by the
3 are maintained at a temperature less than 32°C (90°F). The
Monodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test
mass of the sampled particulate matter is determined gravi-
E 2558 Test Method for Determining Particulate Matter
metrically after the removal of uncombined water. The total
Emissions from Fires in Low Mass Wood-Burning Fire-
particulate matter mass collected on the filters and in the probe
places
and front filter housing are multiplied by the ratio of the
2.2 AISI Documents:
dilution tunnel flow to sample flow to determine the total
AISI 316 Stainless Steel
particulate emissions during a test.
3. Terminology
4.2 The sampling system for this method consists of dupli-
cate dual-filter dry sampling trains. Both of the trains are
3.1 Definitions: General
operated simultaneously at a sample flow rate in the range of
0.004 to 0.008 m /min (0.15 to 0.25 cfm). The total particulate
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
results obtained from the two sample trains are averaged to
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54
on Solid Fuel Burning Appliances. determine the particulate emissions and are compared as a
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007.
quality control check on the data validity.Adeviation of more
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
that 7.5% from the average of the two sample train results
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
invalidates the test.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
4.3 The particulate concentration results for each sampling
Withdrawn.
train is adjusted by the particulate concentration result from a
Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 Connecticut
single ambient air sample blank collected and processed the
Ave., NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036, http://www.steel.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E2515–07
same as the dilution tunnel particulate sampling trains de- 6.1.1.2 Filter Holders—The primary (front) filter holder
scribed in Section 3.2, except that only one filter is used in the shall be aluminum or PTFE . The backup (rear) filter holder
sampling train. The ambient air sample probe shall be located may be made of materials such as polycarbonate . With such
2 m (6.6 ft) below the dilution tunnel collection hood and 1 m plastic materials, it is recommended not to use solvents when
(3.3 ft) from the chimney centerline. A metering system as cleaning the filter holder parts. Mild soap and distilled water
described in 6.1.1.5 shall be used to determine the volume of can be used for cleaning plastic filter holder parts. The two
ambient air collected. The sample flow rate shall be in the filter holders shall be placed in series with the backup filter
range 0.004 to 0.008 m /min (0.15 to 0.25 cfm). holder located 25 to 100 mm (1 to 4 in.) downstream from the
4.4 Appliances tested by this test method are to be fueled primary filter holder. The filter holders shall be capable of
and operated as specified in Test Method E 2558. holding a filter with 47 mm diameter. The holder design shall
provide a positive seal against leakage from the outside or
5. Safety
around the filters. The use of a porous glass or ceramic frit to
support the first (front) filter is not allowed. Any type of filter
5.1 Disclaimer—This test method may involve hazardous
materials,operations,andequipment.Thistestmethodmaynot support is allowed for the second (rear) filter. (See Fig. 2).
6.1.1.3 Filter Temperature Monitoring System—Atempera-
address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is
ture sensor capable of measuring with an accuracy of 62ºC
the responsibility of the user of this test method to establish
(3.6ºF).Thesensorshallbeinstalledattheexitsideofthefront
appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the
filter holder so that the sensing tip of the temperature sensor is
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to performing this
in direct contact with the sample gas as shown in Fig. 2.
test method.
6.1.1.4 Dryer—Any system capable of removing water
6. Equipment and Supplies
from the sample gas to less than 1.5 percent moisture (volume
percent) prior to the metering system.The system shall include
6.1 Sample Collection—The following equipment is re-
a temperature sensor for demonstrating that sample gas tem-
quired for sample collection:
perature exiting the dryer is less than 27°C (80°F).
6.1.1 Sampling Train—Two separate, complete sampling
6.1.1.5 Metering System—The metering system shall in-
trains are required for each test run. The filter face velocity
clude a vacuum gauge, leak-free pump, temperature sensors
shall not exceed 150 mm/sec (30 ft/min) during the test run.
capable of measuring with an accuracy of 62ºC (3.6ºF), gas
The dry gas meter shall be calibrated for the same flow rate
metering system capable of measuring the total volume
range as encountered during the test runs. The sampling train
configuration is shown in Fig. 1 and consists of the following
components.
The Pall (Gelman) 1235 filter holder has been found suitable for this purpose.
6.1.1.1 Probe—Stainless steel (that is, AISI 316 or grade
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
more corrosion resistant) 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.) outside diameter
International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
(O.D.) and 0.30 to 0.45 m (12 to 18 in.) in length. The probe
The Pall (Gelman) 1119 filter holder has been found suitable for this purpose.
shallbeconstructedfromseamlesstubingwithawallthickness
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
such that the total weight of the probe and front filter housing
International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
can be weighed to an accuracy of 0.1 mg. meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
FIG. 1 Metering System
E2515–07
FIG. 2 Filter Temperature Monitoring System
sampled to within 62 percent of the measured value, and 6.1.4.4 A minimum of eight diameters straight run between
related equipment, as shown in Fig. 1.
the static pressure holes and the centerline of the external tube,
6.1.2 Barometer—Mercury, aneroid, or other barometer ca- following the 90° bend;
pable of measuring atmospheric pressure with an accuracy of
6.1.4.5 Static pressure holes of equal size (approximately
62.5 mm Hg (0.1 in.). Must meet calibration requirements
0.1 D), equally spaced in a piezometer ring configuration; and
specified in 8.3.
6.1.4.6 90° bend, with curved or mitered junction.
NOTE 1—The barometric pressure reading may be obtained from a 6.1.5 Differential Pressure Gauge—An inclined manometer
nearby National Weather Service station. In this case, the station value
or equivalent shall be readable to the nearest 0.127 mm (0.005
(which is the absolute barometric pressure) shall be requested and an
in.) H O for Dp values greater than 2.54 mm (0.10 in.) H O,
2 2
adjustment for elevation differences between the weather station and
and to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) H O for Dp values less
sampling point shall be made at a rate of minus 2.5 mm Hg (0.1 in.) per
than 2.54 mm (0.10 in.) H O.
30 m (100 ft) elevation increase or plus 2.5 mm Hg (0.1 in) per 30 m (100 2
ft) elevation decrease.
6.1.6 Dilution Tunnel—The dilution tunnel apparatus is
shown in Fig. 3 and consists of the following components:
6.1.3 Dilution Tunnel Gas Temperature Measurement—A
6.1.6.1 Hood—Constructed of steel. Hood shall be large
temperature sensor capable of measuring with an accuracy of
62ºC (3.6ºF). Must meet calibration requirements specified in enough to capture all of the flue-gas flow exiting the top of the
8.2. appliance chimney. The dilution tunnel hood shall be conical
with a minimum diameter at the entrance of at least four times
6.1.4 Pitot Tube—Astandard Pitot tube designed according
to the criteria given in 6.1.4.1 shall be used to measure flow in the tunnel diameter. The height of the conical section shall be
the dilution tunnel. Pitot tubes will have an assumed Pitot at least 3 tunnel diameters.Askirt can be used around the inlet
coefficient of 0.99 and be designed according to these specifi- to the conical section to insure capture of the flue-gas exhaust
cations: as shown in 9.2.4 as long as the requirements of 9.2.3 are met.
The outlet of the conical section shall be sized to mate with the
6.1.4.1 Standard pitot design. (See Appendix X2 for an
example.); dilution tunnel. (See Fig. 3).
6.1.4.2 Hemispherical, ellipsoidal, or conical tip;
6.1.6.2 90° Elbows—Steel 90° elbows should be used for
6.1.4.3 A minimum of six diameters straight run (based connecting mixing duct, straight duct, and optional damper
assembly. There shall be at least two 90° elbows upstream of
upon D, the external diameter of the tube) between the tip and
the static pressure holes; the sampling section (see Fig. 3).
E2515–07
FIG. 3 Steel-Constructed Hood Apparatus
6.1.6.3 Straight Duct—Steel should be used to provide the 6.2.1 Desiccator—Any airtight cabinet or other container
ducting for the dilution tunnel from the tunnel inlet in the containing desiccant to remove moisture from the probes, front
collection hood to the blower.Two velocity traverse ports shall filter housings, filters, and filter gaskets prior to and after
testing;
be located at least 8 tunnel diameters downstream of the last
flow disturbance (for example, a 90° elbow) and positioned at 6.2.2 Analytical Balance—With a resolution 0.1 mg or
better. Must meet the calibration requirements specified in 8.4;
90° to each other in the dilution tunnel sampling section.These
6.2.3 Hygrometer or Sling Psychrometer—To measure the
velocity traverse points shall be of sufficient size to allow entry
relative humidity of the laboratory environment with a resolu-
of the standard Pitot tube but shall not exceed 12.7 mm (0.5 in)
tion of 2 % RH or better; and
diameter. Two particulate sample extraction ports shall be
6.2.4 Temperature Sensor—To measure the temperature of
located at least 4 tunnel diameters downstream of the velocity
the laboratory environment. Must meet the calibration require-
traverseportsandatleast2tunneldiametersupstreamfromthe
ments specified in 8.2.
next downstream flow disturbance. These sample extraction
ports shall be of sufficient size to allow entry of the sampling
7. Reagents and Standards
probes. The total length of duct from the center of the stack in
7.1 Sample Collection—The following reagents are re-
the hood to the sampling ports shall not exceed 9.1 m (30 ft).
quired for sample collection:
6.1.6.4 Blower—Squirrel cage or other type of fan capable
7.1.1 Filters—Glass fiber filters with a diameter of 47 mm
of gathering and moving all flue-gases and entrained dilution
without organic binder, exhibiting at least 99.95 percent
air from the dilution tunnel extraction hood to the dilution
efficiency (<0.05 percent penetration) on 0.3-micron dioctyl
tunnel exhaust having sufficient flow to maintain dilution rate
phthalate smoke particles in accordance with Practice D 2986.
specifications in Section 9. (See 9.2).
Manufacturer’s quality control test data are sufficient for
6.1.7 Test Facility Temperature Monitor—A thermocouple
validation of efficiency.
located centrally in a vertically oriented 150 mm (6 in.) long,
7.2 Sample Analysis—One reagent is required for the
50 mm (2 in.) diameter pipe shield that is open at both ends.
sample analysis:
Must meet the calibration requirements specified in 8.2.
6.1.8 Anemometer—Device capable of detecting air veloci-
ties less than 0.10 m/sec (20 ft/min) and used for measuring air Gelman A/E 61631 and Whatman 1841-47 fllters have been found acceptable
for this purpose. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this
velocities in the test facility near the test appliance
...
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