ASTM A931-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Wire Ropes and Strand
Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Wire Ropes and Strand
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Wire rope tests are generally to be performed on new rope. The use of wire rope in any application can reduce individual wire strengths due to abrasion and nicking that will result in the wire rope strength being reduced. Damage to the outer wires will also lower the maximum strength achieved during tension testing.
The modulus of elasticity of wire rope is not considered to be a standard requirement at this time. The determination of this material property requires specialized equipment and techniques.
Rope to be tested should be thoroughly examined to verify that no external wire damage is present. If present, it should be noted. When possible, a new undamaged sample should be obtained for testing.
End attachments and their installation can directly affect breaking force achieved during testing. Any attachment that can be used to directly achieve the required rope breaking force can be used. Standard testing with a poured socket, using zinc, white metal or thermoset resin, has been considered the most efficient. Proficiency in attachment of any fitting can have a direct effect on the final test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of wire ropes and strand at room temperature, specifically to determine the measured breaking force, yield strength, elongation, and modulus of elasticity. Methods described in this standard are not intended for other purposes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 1 and Note 2.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A931 − 08
StandardTest Method for
1
Tension Testing of Wire Ropes and Strand
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of wire ropes 3.1 The terminology relating to tensile testing in Terminol-
and strand at room temperature, specifically to determine the ogy E6 applies to this test method. In addition, the following
measuredbreakingforce,yieldstrength,elongation,andmodu-
definitions for wire rope will apply:
lus of elasticity. Methods described in this standard are not
3.2 Definitions:
intended for other purposes.
3.2.1 abrasion—frictional surface wear on the wires of a
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded wire rope.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2.2 aggregate area—see area, metallic.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.2.3 aggregate strength—the strength derived by totaling
and are not considered standard.
the individual breaking strengths of the elements of the strand
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
or rope. This strength does not give recognition to the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
reduction in strength resulting from the angularity of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
elements in the rope, or other factors that may affect efficiency.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.4 area, metallic—sum of the cross-sectional areas of all
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
wires either in a wire rope or in a strand.
tionary statements are given in Note 1 and Note 2.
3.2.5 breaking force—the maximum load at which a tensile
2. Referenced Documents
failure occurs in the sample of wire rope being tested.
2
3.2.5.1 Discussion—The term breaking force is synony-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mous with actual strength.
A586 Specification for Zinc-Coated Parallel and Helical
Steel Wire Structural Strand
3.2.6 cable—a term loosely applied to wire rope, wire
A603 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Structural Wire
strand, and electrical conductors.
Rope
3.2.7 center—the axial member of a strand about which the
A1023/A1023M Specification for Stranded Carbon Steel
wires are laid.
Wire Ropes for General Purposes
3.2.8 classification—group or family designation based on
B6 Specification for Zinc
wire rope constructions with common strengths and weights
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
listed under the broad designation.
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials 3.2.9 construction—geometric design description of the
3
2.2 ISO Standard wire rope’s cross section. This includes the number of strands,
ISO 17558 Specification for Steel Wire Ropes – Socketing the number of wires per strand, and the pattern of wire
Procedures – Molten Metal and Resin Socketing arrangement in each strand.
3.2.10 core—the axial member of a wire rope about which
the strands are laid.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.2.11 fiber core—cord or rope of vegetable or synthetic
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
fiber used as the core of a rope.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A931 – 96 (2008).
3.2.12 grade—wire rope or strand classification by strength
DOI: 10.1520/A0931-08.
or type of material, that is, Class 3, Type 302 stainless,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
phosphor bronze, etc. It does not apply to strength of the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
individual wires used to manufacture the rope or strand.
the ASTM website.
3
3.2.13 independent wire rope core (IWRC)—a wire rope
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. used as the core of a larger wire rope.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A931 − 08
3.2.14 inner wires—all wires of
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A 931–96 (Reapproved 2008) Designation:A931–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Tension Testing of Wire Ropes and Strand
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers the tension testing of wire ropes and strand at room temperature, specifically to determine the
minimum acceptance strength or nominal strength, yield strength, elongation, and modulus of elasticity.
1.2Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.TheSIunitsgiveninparenthesesareforinformation
only. *
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of wire ropes and strand at room temperature, specifically to determine the
measuredbreakingforce,yieldstrength,elongation,andmodulusofelasticity.Methodsdescribedinthisstandardarenotintended
for other purposes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.3.2, 7.3.4, 7.3.5, and 9.2. Specific precautionary
statements are given in Note 1 and Note 2.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A586 Specification for Zinc-Coated Parallel and Helical Steel Wire Structural Strand
A603 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Structural Wire Rope B6Specification for Zinc
A1023/A1023M Specification for Stranded Carbon Steel Wire Ropes for General Purposes
B6 Specification for Zinc
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
3
2.2 ISO Standard
ISO 17558 Specification for Steel Wire Ropes – Socketing Procedures – Molten Metal and Resin Socketing
3. Terminology
3.1 The terminology relating to tensile testing in Terminology E6 applies to this test method. In addition, the following
definitions for wire rope will apply:
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 abrasion—frictional surface wear on the wires of a wire rope.
3.2.2 aggregate area—see area, metallic.
3.2.3 aggregate strength—the strength derived by totallingtotaling the individual breaking strengths of the elements of the
strand or rope. This strength does not give recognition to the reduction in strength resulting from the angularity of the elements
in the rope, or other factors that may affect efficiency.
3.2.4 area, metallic—sum of the cross-sectional areas of all wires either in a wire rope or in a strand.
3.2.5 breaking strengthforce—the ultimatemaximum load at which a tensile failure occurs in the sample of wire rope being
tested.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.03
on Steel Rod and Wire.
Current edition approved MarchOct. 1, 2008. Published MarchOctober 2008. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 asA931–96
(2002).(2008).
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A931–08
3.2.5.1 Discussion—The term breaking strength breaking force is synonymous with actual strength.
3.2.6 cable—a term loosely applied to wire rope, wire strand, and electrical conductors.
3.2.7 center—the axial member of a strand about which the wires are laid.
3.2.8 classification—group or family designation based on wire rope constructions with common strengths and weights listed
under
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.