ASTM D1995-92(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Multi-Modal Strength Testing of Autohesives (Contact Adhesives)
Standard Test Methods for Multi-Modal Strength Testing of Autohesives (Contact Adhesives)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The application procedures in these test methods yield films free of the irregularities, artifacts, and variations inherent in brushing, spraying, or trowelling. Accordingly, these test methods measure the strength of autohesive bonds between two autohesive films whose topography is characteristic of the autohesive itself rather than the artifacts of the application procedure. It is recommended that this information be considered in extrapolating results from these test methods.
The magnitude of the measured bond strengths also depends on other factors such as film thickness, the manner in which pressure is applied, the magnitude and duration of the application of pressure, and the temperature and humidity at various stages of the test. Accordingly, these parameters should be chosen in a manner consistent with the end use of the autohesive.
In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported results when using these test methods for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to diagnose the causes for lack of repeatability between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of precision. As a minimum, the two parties should select a group of test specimens and visually examine their failure modes. The average results from the two laboratories should then be compared using Student’t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level should be chosen by the two parties before testing is begun.
FIG. 1 One Type of Knife Applicator
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures by which autohesives can be tested in four commonly practiced stressing modes, namely: compression shear, cleavage, climbing drum peel, and T-peel, and in various combinations of rigid-to-rigid, flexible-to-rigid, and flexible-to-flexible adherends that include wood, aluminum, steel flakeboard, and plastic laminates. Quantitative test methods that involve bond formation by impact are also provided. Three pressure modes are provided: static, roller, and impact. Because there are many types of contact adhesives being used to bond many different materials under widely differing conditions, these test methods are designed to allow the user to select the test mode, coating thickness, temperature and relative humidity conditions, pressure magnitude and mode, open time, and bond-conditioning time.
1.1.1 The bond-formation process used with autohesives is unlike that of all other adhesives and in consequence, testing of autohesives requires methods that are unlike those provided by other ASTM standards. See Annex A1.
1.2 A choice of adherends is available in each test mode. The combination of adherends that can be bonded together is limited to those shown in Appendix X1.
1.3 Methods for application of pressure are available in each test mode. For a particular combination of substrates, the means available for application of pressure are limited to those shown in Appendix X2.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.5.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D1995–92(Reapproved2004)
Standard Test Methods for
Multi-Modal Strength Testing of Autohesives (Contact
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Adhesives)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1995; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 These test methods cover procedures by which autohe- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
sives can be tested in four commonly practiced stressing D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
modes, namely: compression shear, cleavage, climbing drum Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
peel, and T-peel, and in various combinations of rigid-to-rigid, D907 Terminology of Adhesives
flexible-to-rigid, and flexible-to-flexible adherends that include D1062 Test Method for Cleavage Strength of Metal-to-
wood, aluminum, steel flakeboard, and plastic laminates. Metal Adhesive Bonds
Quantitative test methods that involve bond formation by D1151 Practice for Effect of Moisture and Temperature on
impact are also provided. Three pressure modes are provided: Adhesive Bonds
static, roller, and impact. Because there are many types of D1781 Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel forAdhesives
contact adhesives being used to bond many different materials D1876 Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-
under widely differing conditions, these test methods are Peel Test)
designed to allow the user to select the test mode, coating D2651 Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhe-
thickness, temperature and relative humidity conditions, pres- sive Bonding
sure magnitude and mode, open time, and bond-conditioning E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
time.
3. Terminology
1.1.1 The bond-formation process used with autohesives is
unlikethatofallotheradhesivesandinconsequence,testingof 3.1 Definitions—Many terms in these test methods are
defined in Terminology D907.
autohesives requires methods that are unlike those provided by
3.1.1 autohesion, n—adhesion developed by interdiffusion
other ASTM standards. See Annex A1.
1.2 A choice of adherends is available in each test mode. of the molecules of two solid surfaces of the same material and
consequent obliteration of the interface between them.
The combination of adherends that can be bonded together is
limited to those shown in Appendix X1. 3.1.2 autohesive, n—an adhesive possessing the property of
autohesion. (Also called contact-bond adhesive and dry-bond
1.3 Methodsforapplicationofpressureareavailableineach
test mode. For a particular combination of substrates, the adhesive.)
3.1.3 shear strength, n—in adhesive joint, the maximum
means available for application of pressure are limited to those
shown in Appendix X2. average stress when a force is applied parallel to the joint.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—In most adhesive test methods, the
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for shearstrengthisactuallythemaximumaveragestressatfailure
ofthespecimen,notnecessarilythetruemaximumstressinthe
information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the material.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.1 autohesive (contact) failure, n—a condition in which
no contact appears to have occurred between the two layers of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau- autohesive, as evidence by visual inspection of the specimen
after destructive testing.
tionary statements are given in 7.5.
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
Adhesives and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.70 on Construc-
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tion Adhesives. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D1995 – 92 (1998) . Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D1995-92R04. the ASTM website.
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D1995–92 (2004)
3.2.2 bond-conditioning time, n—the time elapsed between
making the bonded assembly and testing it or specimens made
from it.
4. Summary of Test Me
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