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ASTM D5/D5M-13

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials

Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The penetration test is used as a measure of consistency. Higher values of penetration indicate softer consistency.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the penetration of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials.  
1.2 The needles, containers and other conditions described in this test method provide for the determinations of penetrations up to 500.Note 1—For guidance in preparing and testing emulsion residue specimens for this test method, please refer to Section 35 of Test Method D244.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2012
ICS
75.140 - Waxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum products
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.44 - Rheological Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5-06e1 - Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D113-17 - Standard Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D3381/D3381M-18 - Standard Specification for Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Binder for Use in Pavement Construction
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D2027/D2027M-19 - Standard Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D946/D946M-20 - Standard Specification for Penetration-Graded Asphalt Binder for Use in Pavement Construction
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D1754/D1754M-20 - Standard Test Method for Effects of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-Film Oven Test)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D243/D243M-22 - Standard Test Method for Residue of Specified Penetration
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D5505-14(2020) - Standard Practice for Classifying Emulsified Recycling Agents
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D312/D312M-16a(2023) - Standard Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D6152/D6152M-12(2018) - Standard Specification for SEBS-Modified Mopping Asphalt Used in Roofing
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D2397/D2397M-20 - Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Referred By
ASTM D6154-15(2021)e1 - Standard Specification for Chemically Modified Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement Construction
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
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ASTM D8051/D8051M-16(2023) - Standard Specification for Wax-Modified Asphalt Used in Roofing
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ASTM D449/D449M-03(2021) - Standard Specification for Asphalt Used in Dampproofing and Waterproofing
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ASTM D977-20 - Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5/D5M − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Penetration of Bituminous Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5/D5M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E2251Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversdeterminationofthepenetration
2.2 ANSI Standard:
of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials.
3
B46.1Surface Texture
1.2 The needles, containers and other conditions described
2.3 ISO Standard:
in this test method provide for the determinations of penetra-
ISO Standard 468Surface Roughness—Parameters, Their
tions up to 500.
3
Values and General Rules for Specifying Requirements
NOTE 1—For guidance in preparing and testing emulsion residue
specimens for this test method, please refer to Section 35 of Test Method
3. Terminology
D244.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.1 penetration, n—consistency of a bituminous material
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
expressed as the distance in tenths of a millimetre that a
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
standard needle vertically penetrates a sample of the material
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
under known conditions of loading, time, and temperature.
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The sample is melted (if starting at ambient tempera-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ture) and cooled under controlled conditions. The penetration
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ismeasuredwithapenetrometerbymeansofwhichastandard
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
needle is applied to the sample under specific conditions.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 The penetration test is used as a measure of consis-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tency. Higher values of penetration indicate softer consistency.
D36TestMethodforSofteningPointofBitumen(Ring-and-
Ball Apparatus)
6. Apparatus
D244Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
6.1 Penetration Apparatus—Any apparatus that permits the
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
needle holder (spindle) to move vertically without measurable
E77Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
friction and is capable of indicating the depth of penetration to
mometers
the nearest 0.1 mm, will be acceptable. The weight of the
E1137/E1137MSpecification for Industrial Platinum Resis-
spindle shall be 47.5 6 0.05 g. The total weight of the needle
tance Thermometers
and spindle assembly shall be 50.0 6 0.05 g.Weights of 50 6
0.05 g and 100 6 0.05 g shall also be provided for total loads
of 100 and 200 g, as required for some conditions of the test.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
The surface on which the sample container rests shall be flat
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 on
andtheaxisoftheplungershallbeatapproximately90°tothis
Rheological Tests.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published February 2013. Originally surface. The apparatus shall have a leveling indicator. The
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5–06e01. DOI:
spindle shall be easily detached for checking its weight.
10.1520/D0005-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5/D5M − 13
6.1.1 The leveling indicator shall be verified at least annu-
For penetrations below 40:
Diameter, mm 33–50
ally with a hand-held level.
Internal depth, mm 8-16
For penetrations below 200:
6.2 Penetration Needle:
Diameter, mm 55
6.2.1 The needle (see Fig. 1) shall be made from fully
Internal depth, mm 35
hardened and tempered stainless steel, Grade 440-C or equal,
For penet
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D5 − 06 D5/D5M − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Penetration of Bituminous Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5;D5/D5M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made to Section 11 clarifing the use of the precision statement in July 2006.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers determination of the penetration of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials.
1.2 The needles, containers and other conditions described in this test method provide for the determinations of penetrations up
to 500.
NOTE 1—For guidance in preparing and testing emulsion residue specimens for this test method, please refer to Section 35 of Test Method D244.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be considered standard.regarded separately as standard. The
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)
D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
E1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
2.2 ANSI Standard:
3
B46.1 Surface Texture
2.3 ISO Standard:
3
ISO Standard 468 Surface Roughness—Parameters, Their Values and General Rules for Specifying Requirements
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 penetration, n—consistency of a bituminous material expressed as the distance in tenths of a millimetre that a standard
needle vertically penetrates a sample of the material under known conditions of loading, time, and temperature.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The sample is melted (if starting at ambient temperature) and cooled under controlled conditions. The penetration is
measured with a penetrometer by means of which a standard needle is applied to the sample under specific conditions.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 on Rheological
Tests.
Current edition approved June 1, 2006Jan. 1, 2013. Published June 2006 February 2013. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 as
D5 – 05a.D5 – 06e01. DOI: 10.1520/D0005-06E01.10.1520/D0005-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5/D5M − 13
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The penetration test is used as a measure of consistency. Higher values of penetration indicate softer consistency.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Penetration Apparatus—Any apparatus that permits the needle holder (spindle) to move vertically without measurable
friction and is capable of indicating the depth of penetration to the nearest 0.1 mm, will be acceptable. The weight of the spindle
shall be 47.5 6 0.05 g. The total weight of the needle and spindle assembly shall be 50.0 6 0.05 g. Weights of 50 6 0.05 g and
100 6 0.05 g shall also be provided for total loads of 100 g and 200 g, as required for some conditions of the test. The surface
on which the sample container rests shall be flat and the axis of the plunger shall be at approximately 90° to this surface. The
...

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ASTM
ASTM D6084/D6084M-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elastic Recovery of Asphalt Materials by Ductilometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is useful in confirming that a material has been added to the asphalt to provide a significant elastomeric characteristic. It does not necessarily identify the type or amount of material added.
Note 1: The quality of results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guidance provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method assesses the elastic recovery of an asphalt material measured by the recoverable strain determined after severing an elongated briquet specimen of the material of the form described in 4.1. The specimens are pulled to a specified distance at a specified speed and at a specified temperature. Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be made at a temperature of 25 ± 0.5 °C [77 ± 0.9 °F] and with a speed of 5 cm/min ± 5 %.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury-containing products in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1754/D1754M-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Effects of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-Film Oven Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method indicates approximate change in properties of asphalt during conventional hot-mixing at about 150 °C [302 °F] as indicated by viscosity, penetration, or ductility measurements. It yields a residue which approximates the asphalt condition as incorporated in the pavement. If the mixing temperature differs appreciably from the 150 °C [302 °F] level, more or less effect on properties will occur.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effects of heat and air on a film of semisolid asphaltic materials. The effects of this treatment are determined from measurements of selected asphalt properties before and after the test.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury-containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7870/D7870M-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Moisture Conditioning Compacted Asphalt Mixture Specimens by Using Hydrostatic Pore Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides an accelerated conditioning method under cyclic loading. This system is capable of operating at higher than normal temperatures and creating pore pressure within a compacted asphalt mixture to achieve an acceleration of the effects that a mixture would experience over time from traffic at normal temperatures and conditions. The accelerated conditioning in this practice is intended to simulate the stresses induced in a wet pavement by a passing vehicle tire. The pulse shape produced by this system approximates a Lorentzian function with a half peak width of approximately 1 s at 276 kPa [40 psi].  
4.2 The factors that influence the potential for moisture damage to occur include aggregate mineralogy, mixture air voids, water, cyclic applied stress, and elevated temperature. This practice provides a method and apparatus that is capable of producing three of these factors: water, stress, and high temperature. Aggregate mineralogy and air voids are mixture properties.  
4.3 Specimens conditioned by this system can be tested using a variety of different tests, including Test Method D6931, Test Method D6927, bulk specific gravity difference obtained by Test Method D6926 or D6752/D6752M for before and after conditioning, dynamic modulus, flow number, AASHTO T 378, and visual inspection for stripped aggregates.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptance guideline provides a means of evaluating ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice includes procedures for preparing compacted asphalt mixture specimens, exposing the specimens to hydrostatic pore pressure inside an enclosed chamber, and guidance on testing the specimens for the effect of water on the tensile strength or change in other properties of the asphalt mixture, such as density, modulus, etc.  
1.2 Specimens conditioned according to this practice can be tested using methods and test procedures referenced in this document, and those results may provide information as to the effect of the moisture conditioning of this practice on the moisture sensitivity of those mixtures.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7173-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Separation Tendency of Polymer from Polymer-Modified Asphalt

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Purchasers of polymer-modified asphalt need guidelines on proper storage and handling procedures to maintain the integrity of material they have purchased. This practice provides a significant tool for understanding the characteristics of these materials as well as comparing various sources of supply.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a laboratory procedure for determining the tendency of polymer to separate from polymer-modified asphalt under static heated storage conditions. The results of testing on material prepared according to this practice may be used as a guideline when formulating products or to establish field handling procedures. Large differences in test results between top and bottom specimens indicate that there is a degree of incompatibility between the polymer and the base asphalt.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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