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ASTM D2936-95(2004)e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Direct Tensile Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens

Standard Test Method for Direct Tensile Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Rock is much weaker in tension than in compression. Thus, in determining the failure condition for a rock structure, many investigators employ tensile strength of the component rock as the failure strength for the structure. Direct tensile stressing of rock is the most basic test for determining the tensile strength of rock.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the direct tensile strength of intact cylindrical rock specimens.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jun-1995
ICS
73.080 - Non-metalliferous minerals
Technical Committee
D18 - Soil and Rock
Drafting Committee
D18.12 - Rock Mechanics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2936-95(2001)e1 - Standard Test Method for Direct Tensile Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens
Effective Date
15-Jun-1995
Replaced By
ASTM D2936-08 - Standard Test Method for Direct Tensile Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens (Withdrawn 2017)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4543-19 - Standard Practices for Preparing Rock Core as Cylindrical Test Specimens and Verifying Conformance to Dimensional and Shape Tolerances
Effective Date
15-Jun-1995

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ASTM D2936-95(2004)e1 - Standard Test Method for Direct Tensile Strength of Intact Rock Core SpecimensASTM D2936-95(2004)e1 - Standard Test Method for Direct Tensile Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens
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ASTM D2936-95(2004)e1 - Standard Test Method for Direct Tensile Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:D2936–95 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Direct Tensile Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2936; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to this standard in November 2004.
1. Scope rock as the failure strength for the structure. Direct tensile
stressing of rock is the most basic test for determining the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the direct
tensile strength of rock.
tensile strength of intact cylindrical rock specimens.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
5. Apparatus
standard.
5.1 Loading Device, to apply and measure axial load on the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
specimen, of sufficient capacity to apply the load at a rate
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
conforming to the requirements of 8.2. The device shall be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
verified at suitable time intervals in accordance with the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
procedures given in Practices E4 and shall comply with the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
requirements prescribed therein.
2. Referenced Documents 5.2 Caps—Cylindrical metal caps that, when cemented to
the specimen ends, provide a means through which the direct
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tensile load can be applied. The diameter of the metal caps
D 2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination ofWater
shall not be less than that of the test specimen, nor shall it
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
exceed the test specimen diameter by more than 1.10 times.
D 4543 Practice for Preparing Rock Core Specimens and
Caps shall have a thickness of at least 30 mm (1 ⁄4 in.). Caps
Determining Dimensional and Shape Tolerances
shall be provided with a suitable linkage system for load
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
transfer from the loading device to the test specimen. The
E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
linkage system shall be so designed that the load will be
With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for Charac-
transmitted through the axis of the test specimen without the
teristic of a Lot or Process
application of bending or torsional stresses. The length of the
3. Summary of Test Method
linkages at each end shall be at least two times the diameter of
the metal end caps. .
3.1 A rock core sample is cut to length and its ends are
cemented to metal caps. The metal caps are attached to a
NOTE 1—Roller of link chain of suitable capacity has been found to
testing machine and the specimen is loaded in tension until it
perform quite well in this application. Because roller chain flexes in one
fails. plane only, the upper and lower segments should be positioned at right
angles to each other to effectively reduce bending in the specimen.
4. Significance and Use Ball-and-socket, cable, or similar arrangements have been found to be
generally unsuitable as their tendency for bending and twisting makes the
4.1 Rock is much weaker in tension than in compression.
assembly unable to transmit a purely direct tensile stress to the test
Thus, in determining the failure condition for a rock structure,
specimen.
many investigators employ tensile strength of the component
6. Sampling
1 6.1 Select the specimen from the cores to represent a valid
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics. average of the type of rock under consideration. This can be
Current edition approved June 15, 1995. Published August 1995. Originally
achieved by visual observations of mineral constituents, grain
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 2936 – 84 (2001).
sizes and shape, partings, and defects such as pores and
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
fissures, or by other methods such as ultrasonic velocity
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on measurements.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
e1
D2936–95 (2004)
either partly or wholly within the cementing medium.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 Preparation—Prepare test specimens in accordance
9. Calculation
with Practice D 4543, except that the degree of flatness and
9.1 Calculate the tensile strength of the rock by dividing the
smoothness of the specimen ends is not critical. End surfaces,
maximum load carried by the specimen during the test by the
such as result from sawing with a diamond cutoff wheel, are
cross-sectional area; express the result to the nearest 35.0 kPa
entirely adequate. Grinding, lapping, or polishing beyond this
(5 psi).
point serves no useful purpose, and in fact, may adversely
10. Report
affect the adhesion of the cementing medium.
7.2 Water content of the specimen at the time of test can
10.1 Report the following information:
have a significant effect upon the deformation of the rock.
10.1.1 Source of sample including project name and loca-
Good practice generally dictates that laboratory tests be made
tion, and if known, storage environment (often location is
upon specimens representative of field conditions. Thus, it
frequently specified in terms of the borehole numb
...

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