ASTM C288-87(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon Monoxide
Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon Monoxide
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine the relative resistance of various refractories to disintegration caused by exposure to a CO atmosphere. The results obtained by this method can be used to select refractories that are resistant to CO disintegration.
This test method is suitable for research and development and for establishing CO disintegration criteria for specification acceptance.
The disintegration of test specimens is accelerated by providing a higher concentration of CO than anticipated in most service environments. The effects on the test specimens may be different than those found for refractories in actual service conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the comparative behavior of refractories under the disintegrating action of carbon monoxide(CO). The test method is an accelerated exposure to CO to determine potential material behavior in a relatively short time.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C288 − 87 (Reapproved 2009)
StandardTest Method for
Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon
1
Monoxide
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C288; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope in diameter and 36 in. (914 mm) long. The unit may be heated
by resistance wire or other means, provided that at the
1.1 This test method covers the comparative behavior of
temperatureofoperationthedifferenceintemperaturebetween
refractories under the disintegrating action of carbon monoxi-
any two points within the chamber shall not be greater than
de(CO). The test method is an accelerated exposure to CO to
20°F (11°C). The chamber may be provided with a thermo-
determinepotentialmaterialbehaviorinarelativelyshorttime.
couple well and shall have a gas inlet and outlet, with a
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
provision for gas sampling at the outlet.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2 Temperature-Control Instrument —The temperature of
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
the test chamber shall be controlled and recorded by a suitable
and are not considered standard.
instrument having the required accuracy.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 Atmosphere Control—The CO shall be supplied from a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tank, or of the gas, or manufactured by the conversion of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
carbon dioxide(CO ). The pressure from a tank supply
2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
(Caution,seeNote1)shallbereducedbyaregulatormadefor
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
that purpose, and the flow of gas adjusted by means of a
sensitive needle or regulating valve.Aflowmeter shall be used
2. Significance and Use
in the line as an aid for regulating the flow. When CO is used
2.1 This test method is used to determine the relative
from a tank, iron carbonyl is present in the gas and may cause
resistance of various refractories to disintegration caused by
clogging of the inlet tube, in which case the carbonyl may be
exposure to a CO atmosphere. The results obtained by this
removed before the gas enters the chamber. A soda-asbestos
method can be used to select refractories that are resistant to
(theAscarite) tower in the inlet line will remove the carbonyl,
CO disintegration.
but this should be preceded by a drying tower to prevent
2.2 This test method is suitable for research and develop-
moisture from getting into the soda-asbestos.
ment and for establishing CO disintegration criteria for speci-
NOTE 1—Caution: As a precaution against the possibility of tank
fication acceptance.
explosions, the tanks should be stored and used outdoors or in a separate
building designed to reduce the explosion hazard.
2.3 The disintegration of test specimens is accelerated by
providing a higher concentration of CO than anticipated in
3.4 Furnace Pressure Control—The unit shall be equipped
most service environments. The effects on the test specimens
with a bubbling bottle or a sensitive gage to control the
may be different than those found for refractories in actual
pressure of the exhaust gas. A positive pressure shall be
service conditions.
maintained throughout the test.
3.5 Gas Analyzer— Any conventional gas analyzer can be
3. Apparatus
used to periodically determine the CO content of the exhaust
3.1 Heated Chamber— The chamber shall be gastight and
gas.
of a suitable size, made of stainless steel, brass, aluminum, or
unoxidized Monel metal. A suggested size is 18 in. (460 mm)
4. Test Specimens
4.1 Ten specimens shall constitute a specimen set.
1
4.2 The specimens shall be 9 in. (228 mm) long and 2½ or
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.04 on Chemical
3in.(64or76mm)squareincrosssection.Onlyonespecimen
Behaviors.
shall be cut from a shape so that as many original surfaces as
Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originally
possible remain intact. The specimen shall be cut lengthwise
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C288–87 (2002).
DOI: 10.1520/C0288-87R09. from the original shape.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C288 − 87 (Reapproved 2009)
5. Unfired Samples slow flow of nitro
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C 288–87(Reapproved2002) Designation:C 288–87(Reapproved2009)
Standard Test Method for
Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon
1
Monoxide
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 288; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the comparative behavior of refractories under the disintegrating action of carbon monoxide(CO).
The test method is an accelerated exposure to CO to determine potential material behavior in a relatively short time.
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 This test method is used to determine the relative resistance of various refractories to disintegration caused by exposure to
a CO atmosphere. The results obtained by this method can be used to select refractories that are resistant to CO disintegration.
2.2 This test method is suitable for research and development and for establishing CO disintegration criteria for specification
acceptance.
2.3 The disintegration of test specimens is accelerated by providing a higher concentration of CO than anticipated in most
service environments. The effects on the test specimens may be different than those found for refractories in actual service
conditions.
3. Apparatus
3.1 Heated Chamber— The chamber shall be gastight and of a suitable size, made of stainless steel, brass, aluminum, or
unoxidized Monel metal.Asuggested size is 18 in. (460 mm) in diameter and 36 in. (914 mm) long. The unit may be heated by
resistance wire or other means, provided that at the temperature of operation the difference in temperature between any two points
within the chamber shall not be greater than 20°F (11°C).The chamber may be provided with a thermocouple well and shall have
a gas inlet and outlet, with a provision for gas sampling at the outlet.
3.2 Temperature-Control Instrument —The temperature of the test chamber shall be controlled and recorded by a suitable
instrument having the required accuracy.
3.3 Atmosphere Control—The CO shall be supplied from a tank, or of the gas, or manufactured by the conversion of carbon
dioxide(CO ). The pressure from a tank supply (Caution, see Note 1) shall be reduced by a regulator made for that purpose, and
2
the flow of gas adjusted by means of a sensitive needle or regulating valve. A flowmeter shall be used in the line as an aid for
regulating the flow. When CO is used from a tank, iron carbonyl is present in the gas and may cause clogging of the inlet tube,
in which case the carbonyl may be removed before the gas enters the chamber. A soda-asbestos (the Ascarite) tower in the inlet
line will remove the carbonyl, but this should be preceded by a drying tower to prevent moisture from getting into the
soda-asbestos.
NOTE 1—Caution:As a precaution against the possibility of tank explosions, the tanks should be stored and used outdoors or in a separate building
designed to reduce the explosion hazard.
3.4 Furnace Pressure Control—The unit shall be equipped with a bubbling bottle or a sensitive gage to control the pressure of
the exhaust gas. A positive pressure shall be maintained throughout the test.
3.5 Gas Analyzer— Any conventional gas analyzer can be used to periodically determine the CO content of the exhaust gas.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC-8C08onRefractoriesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC08.04onChemicalBehaviors.
´1
Current edition approved Jan. 30, 1987. Published April 1987. Originally published as C288–52T. Last previous edition C288–78 (1984) .
Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C288–87 (2002).
Copyright © AS
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.