ASTM F1644-95
(Guide)Standard Guide for Health and Safety Training of Oil Spill Responders
Standard Guide for Health and Safety Training of Oil Spill Responders
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum health and safety training standards for three types of oil spill responders: Type A, first responders who are responsible for initial containment and cleanup; Type B, longer-term shoreline cleanup personnel; and Type C, other necessary support personnel who have minimal contact with the contamination.
1.2 The oil covered by this guide includes light, medium, and heavy crudes, as well as hydrocarbon products, such as gasoline, light fuel oil, distillates, and bunker (heavy fuel) oil. It is not aimed at specialty chemicals and other potentially hazardous materials, although some aspects of the training program would apply to those substances.
1.3 A number of topics are not specifically addressed in this guide because they are covered by other standards or guidelines. Examples are hot work practices, maintenance and repair of equipment, fire fighting, electrical hazards, emergency medical care, disposal of wastes, and so forth. The user is expected to become familiar with standards for these areas as required.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F 1644 – 95
Standard Guide for
Health and Safety Training of Oil Spill Responders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1644; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope containment and recovery operations in this zone. Airborne
concentrations of hazardous substances may require respiratory
1.1 This guide establishes minimum health and safety train-
protection in addition to other personal protective equipment.
ing standards for three types of oil spill responders: Type A,
2.1.5 hyperthermia—an abnormally high body temperature
first responders who are responsible for initial containment and
caused by exposure to elevated temperatures or radiant heat, or
cleanup; Type B, longer-term shoreline cleanup personnel; and
both.
Type C, other necessary support personnel who have minimal
2.1.6 hypothermia—an abnormally low body temperature
contact with the contamination.
caused by exposure to cold air or water.
1.2 The oil covered by this guide includes light, medium,
2.1.7 personal protective equipment (PPE)—equipment
and heavy crudes, as well as hydrocarbon products, such as
used to shield or insulate a person from a chemical, physical,
gasoline, light fuel oil, distillates, and bunker (heavy fuel) oil.
or thermal hazard. Personal protective equipment is available
It is not aimed at specialty chemicals and other potentially
for skin, eyes, face, hands, feet, head, ears, and respiratory
hazardous materials, although some aspects of the training
system, as appropriate.
program would apply to those substances.
2.1.8 site safety and health plan—the framework that de-
1.3 A number of topics are not specifically addressed in this
fines safety and health considerations and strategy for a specific
guide because they are covered by other standards or guide-
site.
lines. Examples are hot work practices, maintenance and repair
2.1.9 site safety and health supervisor—an individual in the
of equipment, fire fighting, electrical hazards, emergency
field responsible for ensuring that the site safety and health
medical care, disposal of wastes, and so forth. The user is
plan is implemented as prescribed.
expected to become familiar with standards for these areas as
2.1.10 warm (contamination reduction) zone—an area
required.
where oil is present but in a generally weathered state. In
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
addition to decontamination and equipment decommissioning
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
areas, contaminated shorelines containing weathered oil with
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
vapor levels below that requiring respiratory protective equip-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ment are considered warm zones for purposes of this guide.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Type A or B workers, or both, would operate in these zones.
2. Terminology
3. Significance and Use
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1 This guide summarizes required course components to
2.1.1 area contingency plan—provides the initial govern-
be included in training programs for oil spill response person-
mental organization structure and mode of operation for the
nel. Its purpose is to assist trainers in developing curricula that
spill response.
address the health and safety risks specific to oil spill response.
2.1.2 cold (support) zone—minimal exposure area main-
This guide may be tailored by the trainer to fit unique
tained as an uncontaminated location for support functions.
circumstances that are present if training is conducted during
Food service, clean equipment storage, and financial offices are
an actual spill emergency and is not intended to preclude
examples of a cold zone. Operations in this area are generally
consideration of regulatory requirements.
carried out by Type C personnel.
2.1.3 confined space—an enclosed space or area, such as a
4. Types of Response Workers
tank, compartment, or pit where ventilation or access, or both,
4.1 The level of training required will depend on the level of
may be limited.
involvement for each type of worker. For purposes of this
2.1.4 hot (early response) zone—an area where there are
guide, the three categories or types of workers are defined in
potential exposure hazards. Type A workers are involved in
Table 1.
4.1.1 Type A Workers, operate in the hot zone and are the
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-20 on Hazardous
most likely to encounter the spilled oil in a fresh state. Training
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F20.21 on Initial Response Actions. for Type A workers should emphasize methods for determining
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1644
TABLE 1 Oil Spill Response Worker Categories TABLE 2 Health and Safety Training Matrix
Type A—Hot-Zone Personnel Worker Types
Subjects
Response managers Type A Type B Type C
Supervisors
General awareness • • •
Equipment operators
Exposures and chemical
Boom deployers
hazards
Boat operators
Mechanical hazards • •
Skimmer crews
Slips, trips, and falls • •
Dispersant handlers
Explosion and fire • •
Barge personnel
Biological hazards • •
Tank truck operators
Physical hazards • •
Bulldozer operators
Water hazards • •
Other initial response personnel
Exposure routes (air, skin, ••
Security forces
ingestion)
Shoreline assessment team
Confined space entry •
Site safety and health supervisor
First aid • • •
Field medical personnel
Safety and health requirements
Vapor monitoring personnel
Industrial hygiene monitoring •
Etc.
Respiratory protection •
Type B—Warm-Zone Personnel
Eye and ear protection • •
Shoreline clean-up personnel
Flotation devices • •
Decontamination personnel
Footwear • •
Wildlife coordinators
Skin protection (gloves and ••
Animal handlers
protective clothing)
Waste management/handling personnel
Hard hats • •
Etc.
Personal hygiene • •
Type C—Cold-Zone Personnel
Decontamination procedures • •
General land-based support
Historians
Legal advisors
Food-service personnel
Financial services personnel
5.2.4 Local or Organizational Issues, or Both—Include
Supply personnel
alcohol and drug policies, firearm policy, local wildlife that
Etc.
may be at risk, and local natural hazards such as earthquakes,
avalanche and rock slide potential, hurricanes, and so forth.
5.2.5 Historical and Cultural Features—Raise awareness
the presence of harmful vapors, and proper use of respiratory
so that experts can be called in if there is suspicion that the
protective equipment.
work area contains important archeological sites or sacred
4.1.2 Type B Workers, operate in the warm zone and include
grounds.
decontamination support personnel and shoreline cleaning
5.3 Exposures and Chemical Hazards:
crews. The oil they encounter will be in a weathered state.
5.3.1 Mechanical Hazards—Include a summary of po
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