ASTM F436/F436M-16
(Specification)Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of M12 through M100. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. The types of washers covered here are: Type 1—washers made of carbon steel; and Type 3—washers made of weathering steel. Moreover, the styles of washers covered here are: circular washers, which are suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits; beveled washers, which are square and rectangular with a beveled 1:6 surface for use with American Standard beams and channels; and clipped washers, which are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped. Steels to be used to manufacture the washers shall be produced by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. Each type and style of washer shall be suitably sampled, and should conform to specified values of chemical composition, Rockwell hardness, inside and outside diameter, thickness, and clipped width.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of 1/4 through 4 in. and M12 through M100. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers are suitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications A354 and F3125.
1.2 The washers are designated by type denoting the material, by style denoting the shape, and by inch or metric dimensions.
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
1.2.1.1 Type 1—Carbon steel.
1.2.1.2 Type 3—Weathering steel.
1.2.1.3 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 to chemical composition or a Corrosion Index (CRI) of 6 or higher at the suppliers option.
1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are:
1.2.2.1 Circular—Circular washers in nominal bolt sizes 1/4 through 4 in. and M12 through M100 suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits.
1.2.2.2 Beveled—Beveled washers are square or rectangular, in nominal sizes 1/2 through 11/2 in., M12 through M16, with a beveled 1 to 6 ratio surface for use with American standard beams and channels.
1.2.2.3 Clipped—Clipped washers are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped.
1.2.2.4 Extra Thick—Extra thick washers are circular washers in nominal sizes 1/2 through 4 in., with a nominal thickness of 5/16 in. suitable for structural applications with oversized holes.
1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units for inch fasteners and SI units for metric fasteners and are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F436/F436M −16
Standard Specification for
1
Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F436/F436M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units for inch
fasteners and SI units for metric fasteners and are to be
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and
regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
1
with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of ⁄4 through 4
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
in. and M12 through M100. These washers are intended for
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts,
standard.
studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
These washers are suitable for use with fasteners covered in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Specifications A354 and F3125.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 The washers are designated by type denoting the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
material, by style denoting the shape, and by inch or metric
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
dimensions.
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.1.1 Type 1—Carbon steel.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.1.2 Type 3—Weathering steel.
A354 Specification for Quenched and TemperedAlloy Steel
1.2.1.3 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 to
Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
chemical composition or a Corrosion Index (CRI) of 6 or
A588/A588M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
higher at the suppliers option.
Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield
1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are:
1
Point, with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
1.2.2.1 Circular—Circular washers in nominal bolt sizes ⁄4
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
through 4 in. and M12 through M100 suitable for applications
cal Analysis of Steel Products
where sufficient space exists and angularity permits.
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-
1.2.2.2 Beveled—Beveled washers are square or
1 1
posited on Iron and Steel
rectangular, in nominal sizes ⁄2 through 1 ⁄2 in., M12 through
F606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical
M16, with a beveled 1 to 6 ratio surface for use withAmerican
Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded
standard beams and channels.
Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
1.2.2.3 Clipped—Clipped washers are circular or beveled
F1136/F1136M Specification for Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion
for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be
Protective Coatings for Fasteners
clipped.
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
1.2.2.4 Extra Thick—Extra thick washers are circular wash-
1
chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
ers in nominal sizes ⁄2 through 4 in., with a nominal thickness
5
F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
of ⁄16 in. suitable for structural applications with oversized
F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-
holes.
ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,
1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-
Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners
nology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
F3125 SpecificationforHighStrengthStructuralBolts,Steel
andAlloy Steel, Heat Treated, 120 ksi (830 MPa) and 150
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,
2
Nuts, Rivets and Washers. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F436 – 11. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F0436_F0436M-16 the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F436 − 11 F436/F436M − 16
Standard Specification for
1
Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F436;F436/F436M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with
1
fasteners having nominal thread diameters of ⁄4 through 4 in. and M12 through M100. These washers are intended for
general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. These
washers are suitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications A325, A354, A449, and A490F3125.
1.2 The washers are designated by type denoting the material and material, by style denoting the shape.shape, and by inch or
metric dimensions.
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
1.2.1.1 Type 1—Carbon steel.
1.2.1.2 Type 3—Weathering steel. Atmospheric corrosion resistance and weathering characteristics are comparable to that of
steels covered in Specifications A588/A588M and A709/A709M. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these steels is
substantially better than that of carbon steel with or without copper addition. See 5.1. When properly exposed to the atmosphere,
these steels can be used bare (uncoated) for many applications.
1.2.1.3 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 to chemical composition or a Corrosion Index (CRI) of 6 or higher at
the suppliers option.
1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are:
1
1.2.2.1 Circular—Circular washers in nominal bolt sizes ⁄4 through 4 in. and M12 through M100 suitable for applications where
sufficient space exists and angularity permits.
1 1
1.2.2.2 Beveled—Beveled washers are square or rectangular, in nominal sizes ⁄2 through 1 ⁄2 in., M12 through M16, with a
beveled 1 to 6 ratio surface for use with American standard beams and channels.
1.2.2.3 Clipped—Clipped washers are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped.
1 1
1.2.2.4 Extra Thick—Extra thick washers are circular washers in nominal sizes ⁄2 through 14 ⁄2 in., with a nominal thickness
5
of ⁄16 in. suitable for structural applications with oversized holes.
1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units either inch-pound units for inch fasteners and SI units for metric fasteners and are to
be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this separately as standard. The values stated in each system
may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two
systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
NOTE 1—A complete metric companion to Specification F436M has been developed—Specification F436M; therefore no metric equivalents are
presented in this specification.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets
and Washers.
Current edition approved May 15, 2011Sept. 1, 2016. Published June 2011October 2016. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 as
F436 – 10.F436 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/F0436-11.10.1520/F0436_F0436M-16
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F436/F436M − 16
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
A325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength (Withdrawn 2016)
A354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
A449 Specification for H
...
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