ASTM F1461-93(1998)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Chemical Protective Clothing Program
Standard Practice for Chemical Protective Clothing Program
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to promote the proper selection, use, maintenance, and understanding of the limitations of chemical protective clothing (CPC) by users, employers, employees, and other persons involved in programs requiring CPC, thereby limiting potentially harmful and unnecessary skin exposures.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:F 1461–93 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Practice for
Chemical Protective Clothing Program
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1461; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Keywords were added editorially in June 1998.
1. Scope concentration level (or amount) that an analyst can determine
to be different from an analytical blank (background level).
1.1 This practice is intended to promote the proper selec-
3.1.2 biological monitoring, n—the chemical analysis of
tion, use, maintenance, and understanding of the limitations of
chemicals or metabolites, or both, from a worker’s blood,
chemical protective clothing (CPC) by users, employers, em-
urine, fingernails, sweat, breath, etc.
ployees, and other persons involved in programs requiring
3.1.3 buddy system, n—a means of organizing employee
CPC, thereby limiting potentially harmful and unnecessary
work groups whereby each participant is matched with another
skin exposures.
so that prompt assistance can be rendered in the case of any
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
emergency.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 chemical protective clothing (CPC), n—any material
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
or combination of materials used in an item of clothing or the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
purpose of isolating parts of the body from direct contact with
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a potentially hazardous chemical.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.5 decontamination, n—the removal of a contaminant of
contaminantsfromthesurfaceormatrix,orboth,ofCPCtothe
2.1 ASTM Standards:
extent necessary for its next intended action (for example,
F 739 Test Method for Resistance of Protective Clothing
reuse and disposal).
Materials to Permeation by Liquids or Gases Under Con-
3.1.6 elastomer, n—a term often used for rubber and poly-
ditions of Continuous Contact
mers that have properties similar to rubber.
F 903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in
3.1.7 fabric, n—a planar structure consisting of yarns or
Protective Clothing to Penetration by Liquids
fibers.
F 1001 Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate Pro-
3.1.7.1 Discussion—Unlike a polymer sheet, a fabric is
tective Clothing Materials
normally subject to penetration by gases and liquids.
F 1052 Practice for Pressure Testing of Gas-Tight, Totally
3.1.8 Fick’s laws of diffusion, n—mathematical descriptions
Encapsulating Chemical-Protective Suits
of the movement of one type of molecule through another.
F 1154 Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating Comfort, Fit,
3.1.8.1 Discussion—Diffusionisnotduetoholesorporesin
Function, and Integrity of Chemical-Protective Suit En-
CPC.
sembles
3.1.9 hazard assessment, n—the determination of the lack
F 1194 Guide for Documenting the Results of Chemical
of safety or degree of risk based on all integral parts of an
Permeation Testing on Materials Used In Protective Cloth-
exposure situation, including the characteristics of the chemi-
ing
cal(s) to which one is exposed and the conditions that deter-
3. Terminology
mine degree of exposure.
3.1.10 industrial hygienist, n—a person who, by experience
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
and academic training, is qualified to recognize, evaluate, and
3.1.1 analytical detection limit, n—a number, expressed in
control chemical, physical, and biological agents in the work-
units of concentration (or amount), that describes the lowest
place, or a person certified by theAmerican Board of Industrial
Hygiene.
3.1.11 occlusion, n—the physical process of covering a
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F-23 on Protective
chemicalthathasbeenappliedtoorspilledontheskin,thereby
Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.70 on Use.
disallowingitsevaporationandgenerallyincreasingitsabsorp-
Current edition approved March 15, 1993. Published May 1993.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03. tion through the skin.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
e1
F 1461–93 (1998)
3.1.12 physical-chemical parameters, n—values for physi- 4.6 Engineering controls and substitution of materials
cal or chemical properties of a permeant or polymer, or both, should be stressed as the first line of defense in all control
such as solubility parameters, molecular weight, vapor pres- situations since effective use of CPC depends on worker
sure, etc. compliance, proper selection, quality control, and other vari-
ables that may prove to be weak links in an overall control
3.1.13 plastic, n—a material that contains, as an essential
ingredient, one or more organic polymeric substances of large process.
molecular weight, is solid in its finished state, and, at some
5. Minimum Program Requirements and Objectives
stageinitsmanufactureofprocessingintofinishedarticles,can
5.1 The primary objective shall be to minimize employee
be shaped by flow.
exposures.This objective should be accomplished to the extent
3.1.14 polymer, n—a substance consisting of molecules
feasible by accepted engineering control measures. These
characterized by repetition (neglecting ends, branches, junc-
include enclosure or confinement of the operation, isolation of
tions,andotherminorirregularities)ofoneormorechemically
the worker from the operation, substitution of less toxic
bonded types of monomeric units.
materials, and modification of work practices. When these
3.1.15 polymer sheet, n—a continuous polymeric planar
controls are not feasible, or while they are being implemented
structure.
or evaluated, appropriate CPC shall be used pursuant to the
3.1.15.1 Discussion—It is not normally subject to penetra-
requirements in this practice and regulatory requirements,
tion by gases or liquids.
where applicable.
3.1.16 program, n—a documented policy with procedures
5.2 Program Administration and Responsibility:
for selection and use of CPC.
5.2.1 Responsibility and authority for implementing the
3.1.17 program administrator, n—a person responsible for
CPC program shall be assigned to a single person. This person
the formulation and implementation of a CPC program.
will normally be a plant manager, supervisor, or other person
3.1.18 program authority, n—a person responsible for en-
with line supervisory authority. This person is called the
forcing the requirements of a CPC program.
program authority.
3.1.19 toxicity, n—the propensity of a substance to produce
5.2.2 Normally, a second person shall have responsibility
adverse biochemical or physiological effects.
for preparing the written program. This person is called the
3.1.19.1 Discussion—Such effects are termed toxic effects,
program administrator. His duties also include maintaining and
as used in this practice.
updating standard procedures and the CPC written program,
based on changes in CPC technology and knowledge; main-
4. Significance and Use
tainingrecords;auditingandevaluatingtheprogram;directing,
4.1 This practice presents those elements that constitute a
interacting with, or supervising those who dispense CPC at the
chemical protective clothing (CPC) program and conditions to
worksite and those who train workers in the use of CPC; and
be used in establishing a program for the selection and use of
establishing procedures for the purchase of CPC. The program
CPC.Adherencetothispracticerequiresthatawrittenprogram
administrator will usually have staff responsibilities. The
be developed for any use of CPC.
program administrator shall have knowledge of CPC sufficient
4.2 Although much remains to be determined regarding the
to supervise the CPC program properly. (Where possible, the
toxicity of vapor and liquid exposure to the skin, this practice
administrator of a CPC program should also be the adminis-
outlines the essential information necessary and suggested
trator of the respiratory protection program, if one exists, in
methods for hazard assessment prior to the selection of CPC
order to improve coordination.)
(see Practice F 1154).
5.3 Written Programs—The CPC program shall be estab-
4.3 This practice does not address the various methods for
lished and detailed in a written document.
testingCPCorobtainingthedatauponwhichCPCassessments
5.4 CPC Selection—The selection of the CPC article shall
are made. These test methods are listed in Section 2 of this
be based on consideration of the following:
practice.
5.4.1 Exposure situation (vapor, pressured splash, liquid
4.4 This practice does not include recommendations that
splash, intermittent liquid contact, and continuous liquid con-
may apply to personal protection from nuclear radiation,
tact);
radioactive contamination, or microbiological organisms, or to
5.4.2 Toxicity and amount of the chemical(s) (that is, best
clothing that is worn to protect a particular environment from
knowledge or the estimate of ability to permeate the skin and
theentryofchemicals,particles,orlivingmatterthatmayarise
of systemic toxicity);
from the wearer.
5.4.3 Physical properties of the contaminant chemicals (for
4.5 CPCshouldbeusedwhenothermeansofcontrolarenot
example, vapor pressure, molecular weight, and polarity);
available. Its major uses should be limited to the following:
5.4.4 Functional requirements of the task (for example,
4.5.1 Maintenance operations;
dexterity, thermal protection, fire protection, and mechanical
4.5.2 Upset or emergency conditions;
durability requirements); and
4.5.3 Use in lieu of engineering controls when they are not
5.4.5 Properties of the CPC that are relevant to the physical
feasible or are being installed;
and chemical hazards and functional requirements of the task.
4.5.4 Supplementing feasible engineering controls when These properties are determined through appropriate testing
they fail to control the hazard completely; and
techniques and include permeation resistance, degradation
4.5.5 Use in the event that engineering controls fail. resistance, penetration resistance, (see Test Method F 903)
e1
F 1461–93 (1998)
dexterity, resistance to tear, etc., as applicable. (See Test between protection from chemical hazards and performance,
Method F 739, Guide F 1001, and Practice F 1052.) physiological, and psychological burdens. Chemical protection
should not be compromised, nor should the worker be unnec-
5.5 The selection procedure shall be documented. Mini-
essarily burdened.
mally, the selection process should consider degradation,
penetration, and permeation resistance of the CPC. Degrada-
5.13 Auditing—CPC programs shall be audited periodically
tion could result in an adverse loss of integrity and chemical
in order to ensure that all components are functioning as
resistance properties. Penetration could result in direct skin
described in the written program. Methods for auditing the
contact by an agent from bulk flow through seams, pinholes,
programshallbewelldescribed,includingthewaysandmeans
etc. Permeation can result in skin contact by an agent without
for correcting defects in the program.
any outward signs of either penetration or degradation since
molecular flow of the contaminant through the protective
6. Program Administration and Responsibilities
article is occurring.
6.1 Employer Responsibility—Employer responsibility is
5.6 Training—Each CPC user shall be given training that
vested in the program authority. The employer shall be
shall include explanation and discussion of the toxicity of the
responsible for providing CPC to employees when it is
contaminants for which CPC is being used; symptoms that
necessary and enforcing its proper use. All CPC shall be
indicate an overexposure has occurred; nature of the perme-
selected by the employer using the latest information available
ations, penetration, and degradation; limitations of CPC use;
to him. The employer shall establish and maintain a CPC
how to use CPC; importance of proper storage, maintenance,
program that shall include the minimum requirements of this
inspection, and decontamination, where applicable; and dis-
practice as outlined in Section 5 and supported, where appro-
posal of CPC.
priate, by Sections 6 through 16 and the Appendixes.
5.7 CPC Use—The employer shall not use CPC in violation
6.2 Employee Responsibility—Employees have the respon-
of the written program or the manufacturer’s instructions.
sibility and duty to use all CPC that is provided to them in
When using CPC, the employer shall consider special
accordance with the instructions and the training that they have
emergency-use precautions.The buddy system shall be used in
received. All CPC shall be treated with respect and inspected
conjunction with emergency-use CPC.
and maintained according to the employer’s program require-
5.8 Maintenance and Storage—Maintenanceandinspection
ments. Should an employee sense any change in the perfor-
shallbeconductedonaschedulethatensuresthateachpieceof
mance of his CPC or exhibit any symptoms of overexposure,
CPC delivers the protection for which it was selected. Mini-
he shall report this to the employer immediately.
mally,eachpieceofCPCshallbeinspectedbythewearerprior
6.3 Program Administrator—An individual, preferably
to its use to ensure its integrity. CPC should not be folded
from the company’s industrial hygiene or safety engineering
during storage, if possible, and it should be stored in segre-
function, should be assigned responsibility for administering
gated, well-ventilated areas that have low light intensity and
the CPC program. For companies without these functions, the
are free from exposures to ozone, high relative humidity, and
CPC program should be administered by a qualified person
contaminants that may degrade the CPC over long periods of
responsible to the program authority, and consultation from an
time.
industrial hygienist should be sought in establishing the pro-
5.9 Decontamination—Where CPC costs or other consider-
gram. The individual should be trained in control techniques
ations warrant decontamination or reuse, or both, of CPC,
that involve chemical protective clothing. Responsibilities of
methods for decontamination shall be chosen carefully. Proce-
the individual include the following:
dures for decontamination and reuse shall be documented.
6.3.1 Performance of hazard assessments with respect to the
5.10 Field Evaluation and Biological Monitoring—The use
expo
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.