ASTM D2343-95
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Glass Fiber Strands, Yarns, and Rovings Used in Reinforced Plastics
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Glass Fiber Strands, Yarns, and Rovings Used in Reinforced Plastics
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative tensile properties of glass fiber strands, yarns, and rovings in the form of straight standard test specimens when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and tension testing machine speed. This test method is applicable to continuous filament, glass fiber materials that have been coated with a resin compatible sizing. Note 1-There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method. Note 2-This test method was originally developed as a quality control test for glass fiber. It should not be used to develop composites design data. Consult Test Method D638, Test Method D3039/ D3039M, or the materials specification for development of composite design properties.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Note 3-Prime consideration should be given to the use of a polymeric binder that produces specimens that yield the highest consistent values for the glass fiber material under test. Tensile properties may vary with specimen preparation, resin impregnation system, and speed and environment of testing. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: D 2343 – 95
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Properties of Glass Fiber Strands, Yarns, and
Rovings Used in Reinforced Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2343; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Fiber-Resin Composites
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
parative tensile properties of glass fiber strands, yarns, and
ing
rovings in the form of straight standard test specimens when
tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature,
3. Terminology
humidity, and tension testing machine speed. This test method
3.1 Definitions:
is applicable to continuous filament, glass fiber materials that
3.1.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to this test
have been coated with a resin compatible sizing.
method appear in Terminology E 6 and the Appendix to Test
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
Method D 638.
NOTE 2—This test method was originally developed as a quality control
test for glass fiber. It should not be used to develop composites design
4. Summary of Test Method
data. Consult Test Method D 638, Test Method D 3039/D 3039M, or the
4.1 This test method consists of impregnating glass fiber
materials specification for development of composite design properties.
strands, yarns, or rovings with a suitable polymeric binder
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
material and loading the resulting test specimens to failure in a
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
tension testing machine having a constant-rate-ofcrosshead
only.
movement. The cross sectional area is determined from skeins
NOTE 3—Prime consideration should be given to the use of a polymeric of glass fiber taken before and after each set of test specimens.
binder that produces specimens that yield the highest consistent values for
After impregnation and curing, the specimens are tested in
the glass fiber material under test. Tensile properties may vary with
accordance with the procedure outlined in 4.1.1.
specimen preparation, resin impregnation system, and speed and environ-
4.1.1 Procedure—The test specimen is cut to a specified
ment of testing. Consequently, where precise comparative results are
length and tested using rubber-faced grips, 240 grit sandpaper,
desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.
fine emery cloth, or combination thereof.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Tensile properties determined by this test method are of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
value for identifying and characterizing materials for control
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and specification purposes as well as for providing data for
research and development studies.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 This test method is intended for use in testing resin-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
compatible sized glass fiber materials that have been designed
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
specifically for use with certain generic types of plastics. The
Insulating Materials for Testing
use of a resin impregnant that is compatible with the reinforce-
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
ment material under test produces results that are most repre-
D 3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of
sentative of the actual strength that is available in the material
when used as intended in an end item. Premature reinforcement
1 failure may occur if the elongation of the resin system is less
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermoset- than that of the reinforcement being tested. Misleading results
ting Plastics.
may be obtained when glass fiber materials are tested dry or
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1995. Published April 1995. Originally
when a noncompatible resin impregnant is used.
published as D 2343 – 65 T. Last previous edition D 2343 – 67 (1985).
Changes incorporated since the last revision of this test method are designed to
improve reproducibility by giving more specific instructions on the sample
preparation procedures.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2343
5.3 This test method is useful for testing pretreated speci- 6.3.3 Grips—Grips for holding the test specimen between
mens for which comparative results are desired. The reproduc- the fixed and the movable member shall be of the self-aligning
ibility of test results is good when precise control is maintained type (that is, they shall be attached to the fixed and movable
over all test conditions. Values obtained by this test method members in such a manner that they will move freely into
may be affected by gage length, gripping system, testing speed, alignment as soon as any load is applied). The long axis of the
and the resin impregnation ratio of the specimen. test specimens will then coincide with the direction of the
applied pull through the center line of the grip assembly.
6. Apparatus
NOTE 4—Air-actuated grips have been found advantageous and are
6.1 Impregnation Apparatus—An example of an acceptable
recommended for use in this test method.
impregnation apparatus for strands is shown in Fig. 1, and for
6.3.4 Jaws—A set of removable jaws to match the required
rovings and yarns in Fig. 2. Minor modifications to the
grips shall be used for clamping the test specimens. One of the
apparatus are acceptable providing consistent samples are
faces of the jaws should be adjustable to compensate for
produced. The apparatus shall consist essentially of the follow-
thickness of the specimen ends, so that the tension force may
ing:
be lined up with the center of the jaw. Rubber-faced jaws, 25
6.1.1 Free Wheeling Spindle—A freely turning spindle with
by 102 mm (1.0 by 4.0 in.), shall be used for gripping
a horizontal axis for holding the yarn spool or roving ball. A
specimens. If slippage of the test specimens is observed, 240
spindle is not required for testing strands because the material
grit sandpaper strips may be used to improve gripping. The
is pulled over the end from the outside or the inside of the
sandpaper should be replaced when it has lost its grittiness, or
forming cake.
after every 30 to 50 breaks.
6.1.2 Guide Eye and Pulley—A ceramic guide eye, 25 mm
6.3.5 Drive Mechanism—A drive mechanism capable of
(1.0 in.) in diameter, and a freewheeling pulley, 20 mm (0.8 in.)
imparting a uniform controllable speed to the movable member
minimum groove diameter, to guide the material as illustrated
of the apparatus.
in Fig. 3.
6.3.6 Load Indicator—A suitable load-indicating mecha-
6.1.3 Impregnation Tank, as illustrated in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4,
nism capable of showing the total tensile load carried by the
consisting of a container and a static spreader bar assembly
test specimen when held by the grips shall be used. This
having at least three bars, each a minimum of 8 mm ( ⁄16 in.)
mechanism shall be essentially free of inertial lag at the
diameter, made of a corrosion-resistant material.
specified rate of testing and shall indicate the load with an
6.1.4 Winding Fixture—A typical winding fixture for glass
accuracy of at least 61 % of the indicated load value. The
fiber strands and yarns is shown in Fig. 5, and for rovings in
accuracy of the testing machine shall be verifiable in accor-
Fig. 6.
dance with Practices E 4.
6.2 Cutting Gage—A typical cutting gage is shown in Fig.
6.3.7 Deflection-Measuring Device and Recorder—A suit-
7. This tool eliminates the need for measuring the specimens
manually. able instrument for measuring deflection (extensometer) and a
suitable mechanism for recording this deflection shall be
6.3 Tension Testing Machine—A testing machine having a
provided. It is desirable that this instrument and recorder
constant-rate-of-crosshead movement and comprising essen-
automatically record this deflection as a function of the load on
tially the following shall be available:
the test specimen.
6.3.1 Stationary Member, carrying one grip.
6.3.2 Movable Member, carrying a second grip. 6.4 Balance, Analytical.
FIG. 1 Typical Impregnating Apparatus for Strands
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2343
FIG. 2 Typical Impregnating Apparatus for Rovings and Yarns
8. Conditioning
8.1 Strands, Yarns, and Rovings Conditioning—The glass
fiber from which test specimens are to be prepared shall be kept
in a room or enclosed space maintained at 23 6 2°C (73.4 6
3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity in accordance with
Procedure A of Practice D 618, except that 24 h shall be the
minimum conditioning time.
8.2 Test Specimen Conditioning—The specimens shall be
conditioned and tested in a room or enclosed space maintained
at atmospheric conditions of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50
6 5 % relative humidity in accordance with Procedure A of
Practice D 618, except that 3 h shall be the minimum condi-
tioning time.
FIG. 3 Guide Pulley and Impregnation Tank
9. Speed of Testing
9.1 Speed of testing shall be the relative rate of motion of
the grips or test fixtures during test. Rate of motion of the
driven grip or fixture when the machine is running idle may be
used if it can be shown that the resulting speed of testing is
within the limits of variation allowed.
9.2 The standard speed of testing for tensile strength and for
apparent modulus of elasticity shall be 12.7 6 0.3 mm (0.506
0.01 in.)/min.
FIG. 4 Static Breaker Bar
10. Impregnatio
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