ASTM C1466-00(2016)

Standard Test Method for Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Ceramic Foodware

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Toxic effects of lead and cadmium are well known and release of these elements from foodware is regulated by many countries. Regulatory decisions are based on results of 24-h leaching with acetic acid because results of this test method are precise and accurate and this test method is easy to use. Concentrations of lead and cadmium extracted by food may be different from results of this method, however, because acidity, contact time, and temperature typical of consumer use are different from those of this test method.  
5.2 This test method is intended for application only in contamination-free settings and should be performed by well-qualified technical personnel. It is recognized that it is not a practical or appropriate method to use in a nonlaboratory environment for quality assurance and control of the ceramic process. Users are advised to use Test Method C738 (flame AAS) for purposes of the latter.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) to quantitatively determine lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid at room temperature from the food-contact surface of foodware. The method is applicable to food-contact surfaces composed of silicate-based materials (earthenware, glazed ceramicware, decorated ceramicware, decorated glass, and lead crystal glass) and is capable of determining lead concentrations greater than 0.005 to 0.020 μg/mL and cadmium concentrations greater than 0.0005 to 0.002 μg/mL, depending on instrument design.  
1.2 This test method also describes quality control procedures to check for contamination and matrix interference during GFAAS analyses and a specific sequence of analytical measurements that demonstrates proper instrument operation during the time period in which sample solutions are analyzed.  
1.3 Cleaning and other contamination control procedures are described in this test method. Users may modify contamination control procedures provided that the modifications produce acceptable results and are used for both sample and quality control analyses.  
1.4 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2016
• ICS: 81.060.20 - Ceramic products
• ICS: 81.060.99 - Other standards related to ceramics
• Technical Committee: C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
• Drafting Committee: C21.03 - Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1466 − 00 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometric
Determination of Lead and Cadmium Extracted from
1
Ceramic Foodware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1466; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers procedures for using graphite 2.1 ASTM Standards:
furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) to quantita- C738Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from
tively determine lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid at Glazed Ceramic Surfaces
room temperature from the food-contact surface of foodware.
3. Terminology
Themethodisapplicabletofood-contactsurfacescomposedof
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
silicate-based materials (earthenware, glazed ceramicware,
3.1.1 calibration solutions—4% acetic acid solutions con-
decoratedceramicware,decoratedglass,andleadcrystalglass)
taining known amounts of lead or cadmium which are used to
and is capable of determining lead concentrations greater than
calibrate the instrument.
0.005to0.020µg/mLandcadmiumconcentrationsgreaterthan
0.0005 to 0.002 µg/mL, depending on instrument design.
3.1.2 characteristic mass (m —mass (picograms, pg) of
0
leadorcadmiumthatproducesinstrumentresponse(peakarea)
1.2 This test method also describes quality control proce-
of 0.0044 integrated absorbance (absorbance-seconds, A-s).
dures to check for contamination and matrix interference
Characteristic mass is a measure of instrument sensitivity and
during GFAAS analyses and a specific sequence of analytical
is a function of instrument design, operating conditions, and
measurements that demonstrates proper instrument operation
analyte-matrix-graphite interactions. Characteristic mass is
during the time period in which sample solutions are analyzed.
calculated from the volume of solution in the furnace and the
1.3 Cleaning and other contamination control procedures
slopeofthecalibrationcurveortheconcentrationthatgivesan
are described in this test method. Users may modify contami-
instrumentresponseinthemiddleoftheworkingrange(thatis,
nation control procedures provided that the modifications
approximately 0.100 or 0.200 A-s). Characteristic mass is
produce acceptable results and are used for both sample and
compared to manufacturer specifications to verify that the
quality control analyses.
instrument is optimized.
1.4 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded
3.1.3 check solutions—4% acetic acid solutions containing
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
known amounts of lead or cadmium which are analyzed in the
information only.
same time period and subjected to the same analytical condi-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tions and calibration curve as sample solutions. Check solu-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tions are analyzed to verify that carry-over did not occur and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the instrument was operating correctly during the time period
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in which sample solutions were analyzed. Portions of calibra-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion solutions analyzed as unknown test solutions (as opposed
to analysis for calibrating the instrument) are used for this
purpose.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
C21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C1466–00(2012). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/C1466-00R16. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C1466 − 00 (2016)
3.1.4 dilutionfactor(DF)—factorbywhichconcentrationin 3.1.11 sample concentration limit (SCL)—a low concentra-
test solution is multiplied to obtain concentration in original tion (µg/mL) that can be reliably measured in leach solutions.
leach solution. For test solutions prepared by mixing pipet- In this test method, the sample concentr
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1466 − 00 (Reapproved 2012) C1466 − 00 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometric
Determination of Lead and Cadmium Extracted from
1
Ceramic Foodware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1466; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers procedures for using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) to quantitatively
determine lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid at room temperature from the food-contact surface of foodware. The method
is applicable to food-contact surfaces composed of silicate-based materials (earthenware, glazed ceramicware, decorated
ceramicware, decorated glass, and lead crystal glass) and is capable of determining lead concentrations greater than 0.005 to 0.020
μg/mL and cadmium concentrations greater than 0.0005 to 0.002 μg/mL, depending on instrument design.
1.2 This test method also describes quality control procedures to check for contamination and matrix interference during
GFAAS analyses and a specific sequence of analytical measurements that demonstrates proper instrument operation during the
time period in which sample solutions are analyzed.
1.3 Cleaning and other contamination control procedures are described in this test method. Users may modify contamination
control procedures provided that the modifications produce acceptable results and are used for both sample and quality control
analyses.
1.4 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C738 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Surfaces
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 calibration solutions—4 % acetic acid solutions containing known amounts of lead or cadmium which are used to
calibrate the instrument.
3.1.2 characteristic mass (m —mass (picograms, pg) of lead or cadmium that produces instrument response (peak area) of
0
0.0044 integrated absorbance (absorbance-seconds, A-s). Characteristic mass is a measure of instrument sensitivity and is a
function of instrument design, operating conditions, and analyte-matrix-graphite interactions. Characteristic mass is calculated
from the volume of solution in the furnace and the slope of the calibration curve or the concentration that gives an instrument
response in the middle of the working range (that is, approximately 0.100 or 0.200 A-s). Characteristic mass is compared to
manufacturer specifications to verify that the instrument is optimized.
3.1.3 check solutions—4 % acetic acid solutions containing known amounts of lead or cadmium which are analyzed in the same
time period and subjected to the same analytical conditions and calibration curve as sample solutions. Check solutions are analyzed
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.03
on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2016. Published April 2012November 2016. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
C1466–00(2007).C1466 – 00 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/C1466-00R12.10.1520/C1466-00R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1466 − 00 (2016)
to verify that carry-over did not occur and the instrument was operating correctly during the time period in which sample solutions
were analyzed. Portions of calibration solutions analyzed as unknown test solution
...