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ASTM D5739-06(2020)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Standard Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful for assessing the source for an oil spill. Other less complex analytical procedures (Test Methods D3328, D3414, D3650, and D5037) may provide all of the necessary information for ascertaining an oil spill source; however, the use of a more complex analytical strategy may be necessary in certain difficult cases, particularly for significantly weathered oils. This practice provides the user with a means to this end.  
4.1.1 This practice presumes that a “screening” of possible suspect sources has already occurred using less intensive techniques. As a result, this practice focuses directly on the generation of data using preselected targeted compound classes. These targets are both petrogenic and pyrogenic and can constitute both major and minor fractions of petroleum oils; they were chosen in order to develop a practice that is universally applicable to petroleum oil identification in general and is also easy to handle and apply. This practice can accommodate light oils and cracked products (exclusive of gasoline) on the one hand, as well as residual oils on the other.  
4.1.2 This practice provides analytical characterizations of petroleum oils for comparison purposes. Certain classes of source-specific chemical compounds are targeted in this qualitative comparison; these target compounds are both unique descriptors of an oil and chemically resistant to environmental degradation. Spilled oil can be assessed in this way as being similar or different from potential source samples by the direct visual comparison of specific extracted ion chromatograms (EICs). In addition, other, more weathering-sensitive chemical compound classes can also be examined in order to crudely assess the degree of weathering undergone by an oil spill sample.  
4.2 This practice simply provides a means of making qualitative comparisons between petroleum samples; quantitation of the various chemical components is not addressed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to analyze and compare petroleum oil spills and suspected sources.  
1.2 The probable source for a spill can be ascertained by the examination of certain unique compound classes that also demonstrate the most weathering stability. To a greater or lesser degree, certain chemical classes can be anticipated to chemically alter in proportion to the weathering exposure time and severity, and subsequent analytical changes can be predicted. This practice recommends various classes to be analyzed and also provides a guide to expected weathering-induced analytical changes.  
1.3 This practice is applicable for moderately to severely degraded petroleum oils in the distillate range from diesel through Bunker C; it is also applicable for all crude oils with comparable distillation ranges. This practice may have limited applicability for some kerosenes, but it is not useful for gasolines.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Dec-2019
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.06 - Methods for Analysis for Organic Substances in Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D3326-07(2017) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Samples for Identification of Waterborne Oils
Effective Date
15-Dec-2017
Refers
ASTM D3415-98(2017) - Standard Practice for Identification of Waterborne Oils
Effective Date
15-Dec-2017
Refers
ASTM D3328-06(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020
Refers
ASTM D3325-90(2020) - Standard Practice for Preservation of Waterborne Oil Samples
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020
Referred By
ASTM E3163-18 - Standard Guide for Selection and Application of Analytical Methods and Procedures Used during Sediment Corrective Action
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020

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ASTM D5739-06(2020) - Standard Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass SpectrometryASTM D5739-06(2020) - Standard Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry
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ASTM D5739-06(2020) - Standard Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D5739 −06 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Practice for
Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and
Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5739; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers the use of gas chromatography and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
mass spectrometry to analyze and compare petroleum oil spills D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
and suspected sources. D3325 Practice for Preservation of Waterborne Oil Samples
D3326 Practice for Preparation of Samples for Identification
1.2 The probable source for a spill can be ascertained by the
of Waterborne Oils
examination of certain unique compound classes that also
D3328 Test Methods for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-
demonstrate the most weathering stability. To a greater or
leum Oils by Gas Chromatography
lesser degree, certain chemical classes can be anticipated to
D3414 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-
chemically alter in proportion to the weathering exposure time
3
leum Oils by Infrared Spectroscopy (Withdrawn 2018)
and severity, and subsequent analytical changes can be pre-
D3415 Practice for Identification of Waterborne Oils
dicted. This practice recommends various classes to be ana-
D3650 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-
lyzed and also provides a guide to expected weathering-
3
leum Oils By Fluorescence Analysis (Withdrawn 2018)
induced analytical changes.
D5037 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-
1.3 This practice is applicable for moderately to severely
leum Oils by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
3
degraded petroleum oils in the distillate range from diesel
(Withdrawn 2002)
through Bunker C; it is also applicable for all crude oils with
E355 Practice for Gas ChromatographyTerms and Relation-
comparable distillation ranges. This practice may have limited
ships
applicability for some kerosenes, but it is not useful for
gasolines.
3. Summary of Practice
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 3.1 The recommended chromatography column is a capil-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
lary directly interfaced to the mass spectrometer (either qua-
standard. drupole or magnetic).
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 The low-resolution mass spectrometer is operated in the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
positive ion electron impact mode, 70 eV nominal.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3 Mass spectral data are acquired, stored, and processed
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
with the aid of commercially available computer-based data
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
systems.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Significance and Use
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 This practice is useful for assessing the source for an oil
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
spill. Other less complex analytical procedures (Test Methods
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D3328, D3414, D3650, and D5037) may provide all of the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
necessary information for ascertaining an oil spill source;
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods for Analysis for contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Organic Substances in Water. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2020. Published January 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5739 – 06 (2013). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D5739-06R20. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5739−06 (2020)
however, the use of a more complex analytical strategy may be 6.7 Resolution Mixture—
...

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SCOPE
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FIG. 1 Restrictions Imposed by the Conductivity pH Relationship  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved, total-recoverable, or total elements in drinking water, ground water, surface water, domestic, commercial or industrial wastewaters,2,3 within the following concentration ranges of Table 1.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Terminology Used with Ion-Selective Electrodes

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1.1 This terminology covers those terms recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC),2 and is intended to provide guidance in the use of ion-selective electrodes for analytical measurement of species in water, wastewater, and brines.  
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5.1 CEDI devices can be used to produce deionized water from feeds of pretreated water. This test method permits the measurement of key performance capabilities of CEDI devices using a standard set of conditions. The data obtained can be analyzed to provide information on whether changes may have occurred in operating characteristics of the device independently of any variability in feed water characteristics or operating conditions. Under specific circumstances, this test method may also provide sufficient information for plant design.
SCOPE
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