ASTM E956-83(2015)

Standard Classification for Municipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification is intended for use in the marketing of mixed nonferrous metals.  
4.2 Mixed nonferrous metals covered by this classification are suitable for use by one or more of the following industries:  
4.2.1 Secondary aluminum smelters,  
4.2.2 Primary aluminum producers,  
4.2.3 Scrap dealers and processors,  
4.2.4 Zinc refiners, and  
4.2.5 Copper refiners.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrous metals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered from municipal waste destined for disposal.  
1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been sub- divided according to processing history, nonferrous metal content, size, and moisture content.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2015
• ICS: 13.030.10 - Solid wastes
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E956 − 83 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Classification for
Municipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrous
3.1.1 loose combustible material (organic)—loose combus-
metals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered from
municipal waste destined for disposal. tible organics (LCO) that consist of, but are not limited to,
nonmetallic materials such as paper, rags, plastic, rubber,
1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been sub-
wood, food wastes, and yard or lawn wastes, etc., which are not
divided according to processing history, nonferrous metal
permanently attached to noncombustible objects. The LCOs
content, size, and moisture content.
are defined as material larger than No. 12 Mesh (U.S. Standard
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Sieve) as stated in Specification E11. A determination of LCOs
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical is best done by sampling the material and handpicking,
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only handcleaning, and visually identifying the materials described
and are not considered standard. previously.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.2 mixed nonferrous metal content—mixed nonferrous
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the metals remaining after removal of magnetics, combustibles,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- and other nonmetals (for example, glass, rock, etc.). Further
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- methods of separation and identification may be agreed upon
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. between purchaser and seller and can include picking or
dense-media separation.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3 moisture percent—liquid content, as determined by
weight loss when sample material is dried to a constant weight
2.1 ASTM Standards:
at 110° 6 5°C.
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
3.1.4 total combustibles—materials that include paints,
Sieves
lacquers, coatings, plastics, etc., associated with the original
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With
nonferrous products, as well as combustible materials (paper,
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
plastic, textile, etc.) which become associated with the nonfer-
Lot or Process
rous product after it is manufactured.
E276 Test Method for Particle Size or Screen Analysis at No.
4 (4.75-mm) Sieve and Finer for Metal-Bearing Ores and
4. Significance and Use
Related Materials
4.1 This classification is intended for use in the marketing of
E753 Specification for Municipal Aluminum Scrap (MAS)
3 mixed nonferrous metals.
(Discontinued 2001) (Withdrawn 2001)
4.2 Mixed nonferrous metals covered by this classification
are suitable for use by one or more of the following industries:
1 4.2.1 Secondary aluminum smelters,
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
4.2.2 Primary aluminum producers,
Recovery and Reuse.
4.2.3 Scrap dealers and processors,
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originally
4.2.4 Zinc refiners, and
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E956-83(2010). DOI:
10.1520/E0956-83R15.
4.2.5 Copper refiners.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5. Basis of Classification (refer to Table 1)
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 5.1 This classification covers material, either processed to
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. recover aluminum or not processed to recover aluminum.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E956 − 83 (2015)
TABLE 1 Classification of Municipal Mixed Nonferrous Metals
7. Physical Requirements
A
(MNM)
7.1 In addition to Table 1, the MNM physical requirements
Type I Type II Type III Type IV
Classification Over 90 % 50 to 90 % 30 to 50 % Less Than include the following:
MNM MNM MNM 30 % MNM
7.1.1 Bulk Density—The density for MNM is not specified
Grades 1 2 3
and shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
over 6 in. (150 2 to 6 in. (50 to 150 under 2 in. (50
mm) mm) incl mm)
7.1.2 Fineness—Acceptability of contained fines shall be
Class A B
determined by the purchaser and seller.
high (5 % moisture low (under 5 %
and over) moisture) 7.1.3 Loose Combustibles—As agreed upon between pur-
A
chaser and seller.
It is important for both purchaser and seller to note whether material had been
processed to recover aluminum or whether it had not been processed to recover
7.1.4 Magnetics—The presence of free magnetic material is
aluminum and what, if any, procedures where used.
not specified and shall be as agreed upon between the pur-
chaser and seller as part of the purchase contract.
5.2 This classification consists of four types of MNM, based
8. Sampling
on nonferrous metal content. The four types of MNM are
further subdivided into three grades, based on size. The three
8.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with the procedures
grades of MNM are further subdivided into two classes, based
described in Annex A1 or Annex A2. Either procedure may be
on moisture content.
used, as determined by agreement between the purchaser and
the seller.
6. Ordering Information
8.1.1 Annex A1 covers sampling at the point of origin.
6.1 Mixed nonferrous metals may be identified using the
8.1.2 Annex A2 covers sampling at the point of receipt.
criteria in Table 1. This is an unusual material, and the table is
included for information purposes rather than to establish
9. Test Methods
limits. The unit operations used to recover MNM may aid the
9.1 Determine the properties of fineness, moisture, and
purchaser and seller in establishing a classification. Some of
metal recovery in accordance with the procedures described in
the more common unit operations used to recover MNM
Annex A3.
include the following:
6.1.1 Wet Processing—water elutriators, dense media, and
10. Rejection and Rehearing
mineral jig.
6.1.2 Dry Processing—air classifier, air knife, gravity or
10.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of
concentrating table, Humphrey Spiral, eddy-current separator,
this classification may be rejected. Rejection should be re-
electrostatic separator, and handpicking.
ported to the seller promptly and in writing. In case of
dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the seller may make
6.2 It is recognized that variations in the MNM may occur
claim for a rehearing.
due to the heterogeneous nature of the solid waste stream. The
criteria indicated are intended as a means for the purchaser and
11. Shipping
the seller to establish the value and quality of the MNM.
6.3 Mixed nonferrous metals shall be considered to be of a 11.1 Mixed nonferrous metals shall be shipped in rail cars,
particular classification if the value for each component trailers, or other containers as agreed upon between the
specified, as obtained by the test method agreed upon between purchaser and the seller. The shipping equipment shall be
the purchaser and seller, shall not exceed any of the limits for sufficiently water-tight to prevent the MNM from becoming
that grade. wet during shipment.
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. TEST METHOD FOR COLLECTION OF A SAMPLE OF MNM SCRAP RECOVERED FROM
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND ITS PREPARATION FOR ANALYSIS
E956 − 83 (2015)
A1.1. Scope concerning possible variation is available. This information
should be gathered with practice. Due to the heterogeneity in
A1.1.1 This test method describes procedures for collection
size and type of material comprising municipal solid waste, the
of a sample of MNM scrap recovered from municipal refuse,
choice of a large sample is desirable.
and the preparation and secondary sampling of the metal for
analysis. A1.4.2 Shredding is recommended for metals larger than 4
to 6 in. (100 to 150 mm) for ease in sampling and handling.
A1.2. Summary of Test Method
A1.5 Taking A Gross Sample
A1.2.1 A selected size, gross sample of MNM scrap, is
A1.5.1 In order to obtain complete representation of mate-
taken from the metal recovery system conveyor in increments.
rials in a gross sample, it is desirable that the sample incre-
Sample increments are taken at timed intervals from a full
ments be withdrawn from the full cross-section of the stream.
cross section of the conveyor while it is stopped, or by briefly
The best possible increment is either a full cross section
taking the total flow at the discharge of the conveyor while it
removed from a stopped conveyor belt or the total flow at the
is moving.
discharge of the moving conveyor taken during a suitable
A1.2.2 The quantity of gross sample may be further reduced
interval of time.
by mixing, cone-and-quarter sampling, and riffling.
A1.5.2 The choice of sample size can be estimated using
A1.3. General Precautions
Practice E122. It is imperative for a given degree of precision
that not less than the minimum size and number of sample
A1.3.1 In solids sampling, each step must be designed to
increments be collected from a lot (see Table A1.1).
eliminate accidental classification by size or gravity. Different
sizes usu
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E956 − 83 (Reapproved 2010) E956 − 83 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Classification for
Municipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrous metals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered from
municipal waste destined for disposal.
1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been sub-
divided according to processing history, nonferrous metal content, size, and moisture content.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E276 Test Method for Particle Size or Screen Analysis at No. 4 (4.75-mm) Sieve and Finer for Metal-Bearing Ores and Related
Materials
E753 Specification for Municipal Aluminum Scrap (MAS) (Discontinued 2001) (Withdrawn 2001)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 loose combustible material (organic)—loose combustible organics (LCO) that consist of, but are not limited to,
nonmetallic materials such as paper, rags, plastic, rubber, wood, food wastes, and yard or lawn wastes, etc., which are not
permanently attached to noncombustible objects. The LCOs are defined as material larger than No. 12 Mesh (U.S. Standard Sieve)
as stated in Specification E11. A determination of LCOs is best done by sampling the material and handpicking, handcleaning, and
visually identifying the materials described previously.
3.1.2 mixed nonferrous metal content—mixed nonferrous metals remaining after removal of magnetics, combustibles, and other
nonmetals (for example, glass, rock, etc.). Further methods of separation and identification may be agreed upon between purchaser
and seller and can include picking or dense-media separation.
3.1.3 moisture percent—liquid content, as determined by weight loss when sample material is dried to a constant weight at 110°
6 5°C.
3.1.4 total combustibles—materials that include paints, lacquers, coatings, plastics, etc., associated with the original nonferrous
products, as well as combustible materials (paper, plastic, textile, etc.) which become associated with the nonferrous product after
it is manufactured.
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010Sept. 1, 2015. Published January 2010September 2015. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20052010
as E956-83(2005).E956-83(2010). DOI: 10.1520/E0956-83R10.10.1520/E0956-83R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E956 − 83 (2015)
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This classification is intended for use in the marketing of mixed nonferrous metals.
4.2 Mixed nonferrous metals covered by this classification are suitable for use by one or more of the following industries:
4.2.1 Secondary aluminum smelters,
4.2.2 Primary aluminum producers,
4.2.3 Scrap dealers and processors,
4.2.4 Zinc refiners, and
4.2.5 Copper refiners.
5. Basis of Classification (refer to Table 1)
5.1 This classification covers material, either processed to recover aluminum or not processed to recover aluminum.
5.2 This classification consists of four types of MNM, based on nonferrous metal content. The four types of MNM are further
subdivided into three grades, based on size. The three grades of MNM are further subdivided into two classes, based on moisture
content.
6. Ordering Information
6.1 Mixed nonferrous metals may be identified using the criteria in Table 1. This is an unusual material, and the table is included
for information purposes rather than to establish limits. The unit operations used to recover MNM may aid the purchaser and seller
in establishing a classification. Some of the more common unit operations used to recover MNM include the following:
6.1.1 Wet Processing—water elutriators, dense media, and mineral jig.
6.1.2 Dry Processing—air classifier, air knife, gravity or concentrating table, Humphrey Spiral, eddy-current separator,
electrostatic separator, and handpicking.
6.2 It is recognized that variations in the MNM may occur due to the heterogeneous nature of the solid waste stream. The criteria
indicated are intended as a means for the purchaser and the seller to establish the value and quality of the MNM.
6.3 Mixed nonferrous metals shall be considered to be of a particular classification if the value for each component specified,
as obtained by the test method agreed upon between the purchaser and seller, shall not exceed any of the limits for that grade.
7. Physical Requirements
7.1 In addition to Table 1, the MNM physical requirements include the following:
7.1.1 Bulk Density—The density for MNM is not specified and shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
7.1.2 Fineness—Acceptability of contained fines shall be determined by the purchaser and seller.
7.1.3 Loose Combustibles—As agreed upon between purchaser and seller.
7.1.4 Magnetics—The presence of free magnetic material is not specified and shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser
and seller as part of the purchase contract.
8. Sampling
8.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with the procedures described in Annex A1 or Annex A2. Either procedure may be used,
as determined by agreement between the purchaser and the seller.
8.1.1 Annex A1 covers sampling at the point of origin.
8.1.2 Annex A2 covers sampling at the point of receipt.
9. Test Methods
9.1 Determine the properties of fineness, moisture, and metal recovery in accordance with the procedures described in Annex
A3.
TABLE 1 Classification of Municipal Mixed Nonferrous Metals
A
(MNM)
Type I Type II Type III Type IV
Classification Over 90 % 50 to 90 % 30 to 50 % Less Than
MNM MNM MNM 30 % MNM
Grades 1 2 3
over 6 in. (150 2 to 6 in. (50 to 150 under 2 in. (50
mm) mm) incl mm)
Class A B
high (5 % moisture low (under 5 %
and over) moisture)
A
It is important for both purchaser and seller to note whether material had been
processed to recover aluminum or whether it had not been processed to recover
aluminum and what, if any, procedures where used.
E956 − 83 (2015)
10. Rejection and Rehearing
10.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of this classification may be rejected. Rejection should be reported to
the seller promptly and in writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the seller may make claim for a rehearing.
11. Shipping
11.1 Mixed nonferrous metals shall be shipped in rail cars, trailers, or other containers as agreed upon between the purchaser
and the seller. The shipping equipment shall be sufficiently water-tight to prevent the MNM from becoming wet during shipment.
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. TEST METHOD FOR COLLECTION OF A SAMPLE OF MNM SCRAP RECOVERED FROM
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND ITS PREPARATION FOR ANALYSIS
A1.1. Scope
A1.1.1 This test method describes procedures for collection of a sample of MNM scrap recovered from municipal refuse, and the
preparation and secondary sampling of the metal for analysis.
A1.2. Summary of Test Method
A1.2.1 A selected size, gross sample of MNM scrap, is taken from the metal recovery system conveyor in increments. Sample
increments are taken at timed intervals from a full cross section of the conveyor while it is stopped, or by briefly taking the total
flow at the discharge of the conveyor while it is moving.
A1.2.2 The quantity of gross sample may be further reduced by mixing, cone-and-quarter sampling, and riffling.
A1.3. General Precautions
A1.3.1 In solids sampling, each step must be designed to eliminate accidental classification by size or gravity. Different sizes
usually have different analyses.
A1.3.2 The increments obtained during the sampling period shall be protected from changes in composition due to exposure to
the weather.
A1.3.3 Plan the sampling arrangement to avoid contamination of the increments with foreign material.
A1.3.4 A satisfactory sampling arrangement is one that takes an unbiased sample at the desired degree of precision of the
constituent for which the sample is to be analyzed. The weight or volume of the collected sample is compared with that of the total
lot to ensure a constant sampling ratio.
A1.3.5 It is preferable that the MNM scrap be weighed and sampled at about the same time. If there is a long lapse in time between
these two events, both the purchaser and seller should give consideration to changes in moisture during this interval and the
consequent shift in relationship of moisture to the true content at th
...