ASTM D5978/D5978M-16
(Guide)Standard Guide for Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Groundwater Monitoring Wells
Standard Guide for Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Groundwater Monitoring Wells
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The process of operating any engineered system, such as monitoring wells, includes active maintenance to prevent, mitigate, or reverse deterioration. Lack of or improper maintenance can lead to well performance deficiencies (physical problems) or sample quality degradation (chemical problems). These problems are intrinsic to monitoring wells, which are often left idle for long periods of time (as long as a year), installed in non-aquifer materials, and installed to evaluate contamination that can cause locally anomalous hydrogeochemical conditions. The typical solutions for these physical and chemical problems that would be applied by owners and operators of water supply, dewatering, recharge, and other wells may not be appropriate for monitoring wells because of the need to minimize their impact on the conditions that monitoring wells were installed to evaluate.
4.2 This guide covers actions and procedures, but is not an encyclopedic guide to well maintenance. Well maintenance planning and execution is highly site and well specific.
4.3 The design of maintenance and rehabilitation programs and the identification of the need for rehabilitation should be based on objective observation and testing, and by individuals knowledgeable and experienced in well maintenance and rehabilitation. Users of this guide are encouraged to consult the references provided.
4.4 For additional information see Test Methods D4412, D5472, D7726 and Guides D4448, D5254, D5521, D5409, D5410 and D5474.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Pra...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers an approach to selecting and implementing a well maintenance and rehabilitation program for groundwater monitoring wells. It provides information on symptoms of problems or deficiencies that indicate the need for maintenance and rehabilitation. It is limited to monitoring wells, that are designed and operated to provide access to, representative water samples from, and information about the hydraulic properties of the saturated subsurface while minimizing impact on the monitored zone. Some methods described herein may apply to other types of wells although the range of maintenance and rehabilitation treatment methods suitable for monitoring wells is more restricted than for other types of wells. Monitoring wells include their associated pumps and surface equipment.
1.2 This guide is affected by governmental regulations and by site specific geological, hydrogeological, geochemical, climatological, and biological conditions.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace educati...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5978/D5978M − 16
Standard Guide for
Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Groundwater Monitoring
1
Wells
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5978/D5978M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide for maintenance and rehabilitation promotes procedures appropriate to groundwater
monitoringwellsinstalledtoevaluatetheextentandnatureofcontamination,progressofremediation,
and for long-term monitoring of either water quality or water level.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This guide covers an approach to selecting and imple-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
menting a well maintenance and rehabilitation program for
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information
groundwater monitoring wells. It provides information on
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
symptomsofproblemsordeficienciesthatindicatetheneedfor
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
maintenance and rehabilitation. It is limited to monitoring
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
wells, that are designed and operated to provide access to,
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
representative water samples from, and information about the
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
hydraulicpropertiesofthesaturatedsubsurfacewhileminimiz-
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
ing impact on the monitored zone. Some methods described
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
herein may apply to other types of wells although the range of
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
maintenance and rehabilitation treatment methods suitable for
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
monitoring wells is more restricted than for other types of
document means only that the document has been approved
wells. Monitoring wells include their associated pumps and
through the ASTM consensus process.
surface equipment.
1.2 This guide is affected by governmental regulations and
2. Referenced Documents
by site specific geological, hydrogeological, geochemical,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
climatological, and biological conditions.
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.3 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or
Fluids
SI units presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
equivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependently
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
D4044Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Instantaneous
result in non-conformance with the standard.
Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Determining Hydraulic
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the Properties of Aquifers
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in D4412TestMethodsforSulfate-ReducingBacteriainWater
Practice D 6026, unless superseded by this standard. and Water-Formed Deposits
D4448GuideforSamplingGround-WaterMonitoringWells
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D4750Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoilandRock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2016.PublishedJuly2016.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5978 – 96 (2011) . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5978_D5978M-16. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5978/D5978M − 16
3
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D5978 − 96 (Reapproved 2011) D5978/D5978M − 16
Standard Guide for
Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Groundwater Monitoring
1
Wells
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5978;D5978/D5978M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in December 2011.
INTRODUCTION
This guide for maintenance and rehabilitation promotes procedures appropriate to groundwater
monitoring wells installed to evaluate the extent and nature of contamination, progress of remediation,
and for long-term monitoring of either water quality or water level.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers an approach to selecting and implementing a well maintenance and rehabilitation program for
groundwater monitoring wells. It provides information on symptoms of problems or deficiencies that indicate the need for
maintenance and rehabilitation. It is limited to monitoring wells, that are designed and operated to provide access to, representative
water samples from, and information about the hydraulic properties of the saturated subsurface while minimizing impact on the
monitored zone. Some methods described herein may apply to other types of wells although the range of maintenance and
rehabilitation treatment methods suitable for monitoring wells is more restricted than for other types of wells. Monitoring wells
include their associated pumps and surface equipment.
1.2 This guide is affected by governmental regulations and by site specific geological, hydrogeological, geochemical,
climatological, and biological conditions.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as
standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of
the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D 6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011July 1, 2016. Published December 2012July 2016. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
ɛ1
D5978 – 96 (2005).(2011) . DOI: 10.1520/D5978-96R11E01.10.1520/D5978_D5978M-16.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5978/D5978M − 16
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D652 Method of Test for Measuring Mica Stampings Used in Electronic Devices and Incandescent Lamps (Withdrawn 1956)
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1889D3740 Test Method for Turbidity of WaterPractice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or
Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction (Withdrawn 2007)
D4044 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Deter
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5978/D5978M − 16
Standard Guide for
Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Groundwater Monitoring
1
Wells
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5978/D5978M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide for maintenance and rehabilitation promotes procedures appropriate to groundwater
monitoring wells installed to evaluate the extent and nature of contamination, progress of remediation,
and for long-term monitoring of either water quality or water level.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This guide covers an approach to selecting and imple-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
menting a well maintenance and rehabilitation program for
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information
groundwater monitoring wells. It provides information on
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
symptoms of problems or deficiencies that indicate the need for
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
maintenance and rehabilitation. It is limited to monitoring
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
wells, that are designed and operated to provide access to,
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
representative water samples from, and information about the
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
hydraulic properties of the saturated subsurface while minimiz-
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
ing impact on the monitored zone. Some methods described
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
herein may apply to other types of wells although the range of
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
maintenance and rehabilitation treatment methods suitable for
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
monitoring wells is more restricted than for other types of
document means only that the document has been approved
wells. Monitoring wells include their associated pumps and
through the ASTM consensus process.
surface equipment.
1.2 This guide is affected by governmental regulations and
2. Referenced Documents
by site specific geological, hydrogeological, geochemical,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
climatological, and biological conditions.
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.3 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or
Fluids
SI units presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
D4044 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Instantaneous
result in non-conformance with the standard.
Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Determining Hydraulic
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the Properties of Aquifers
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in D4412 Test Methods for Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Water
and Water-Formed Deposits
Practice D 6026, unless superseded by this standard.
D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5978 – 96 (2011) . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5978_D5978M-16. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5978/D5978M − 16
3
Well) (Withdrawn 2010) 3.2.4 well reconstructive maintenance, n—any prevent
...
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